Silent Killer Research Articles

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diabetes Melitus

<p><em>Diabetes mellitus is often called the silent killer because this disease attacks the majority of the sufferer's organs which can cause complaints and complications that affect the quality of life. Supporting factors that can affect the quality of life of people with diabetes is family support. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus in the working area of the Polowijen Health Center. The research design used a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique uses probability sampling with cluster random sampling specifications with a total of 46 respondents. Data processing using the Pearson test. The results of the Pearson test showed that there was a relationship between family support and quality of life for people with diabetes mellitus with a p-value significance value of (0.000), which means that there is a relationship between family support and quality of life for people with diabetes mellitus with a large correlation (0.836) which means that the correlation is very strong.</em></p>

Development of a gastric cancer risk calculator for questionnaire-based surveillance of Iranian dyspeptic patients

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is considered a silent killer, taking more than three quarters of a million lives annually. Therefore, prior to further costly and invasive diagnostic approaches, an initial GC risk screening is desperately in demand.MethodsIn order to develop a simple risk scoring system, the demographic and lifestyle indices from 858 GC and 1132 non-ulcer dyspeptic (NUD) patients were analysed. We applied a multivariate logistic regression approach to identify the association between our target predictors and GC versus NUD. The model performance in classification was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our questionnaire covering 64 predictors, included known risk factors, such as demographic features, dietary habits, self-reported medical status, narcotics use, and SES indicators.ResultsOur model segregated GC from NUD patients with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 85.89, 63.9, and 73.03%, respectively, which was confirmed in the development dataset (AUC equal to 86.37%, P < 0.0001). Predictors which contributed most to our GC risk calculator, based on risk scores (RS) and shared percentages (SP), included: 1) older age group [> 70 (RS:+ 241, SP:7.23), 60–70 (RS:+ 221, SP:6.60), 50–60 (RS:+ 134, SP:4.02), 2) history of gastrointestinal cancers (RS:+ 173, SP:5.19), 3) male gender (RS:+ 119, SP:3.55), 4) non-Fars ethnicity (RS:+ 89, SP:2.66), 5) illiteracy of both parents (RS:+ 78, SP:2.38), 6) rural residence (RS:+ 77, SP:2.3), and modifiable dietary behaviors (RS:+ 32 to + 53, SP:0.96 to 1.58).ConclusionOur developed risk calculator provides a primary screening step, prior to the subsequent costly and invasive measures. Furthermore, public awareness regarding modifiable risk predictors may encourage and promote lifestyle adjustments and healthy behaviours.

Abstract B073: Understanding treatment response in pancreatic cancer: NetraAI provides genetic differentiation in FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine response

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is known as a “silent killer” due to vague symptoms, late diagnosis, rapid progression, and poor response to therapy. Due to the highly malignant nature of this disease, prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients is critical. Standard of care involves combination chemotherapy using FOLFIRINOX (FFX) or Gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (GnP). The COMPASS trial performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNASeq) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients prior to FFX or GnP first-line combination therapy, finding molecular heterogeneity between patients and differing response to chemotherapy. Using the COMPASS trial dataset consisting of only 208 patients and NetraAI, a novel machine learning (ML) platform using a novel causal feature set discovery methodology, we explored generated hypotheses to differentiate causal factors that affect patient response to FFX and GnP. Differentiating FFX and GnP treatment response in stable disease patients revealed 3 distinct subpopulations with genetic differentiation related to neuron death and regulation, neurotrophin signaling, and neuron apoptotic processes. NetraAI identified genes driving patient subpopulations, such as LRRC8E, PTPRH, and UTG1A13p. Further investigation revealed that LRRC29 and CLEC19A distinguished a group of patients that responded well to FFX. LRRC29 relates to HOOK1, which negatively regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and has been reported to be decreased in PDAC. Low HOOK1 and SHP2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with a good response to GnP, suggesting that chemotherapy response depends on the interaction of the chemotherapeutic agent and genetic factors involved in disease progression as opposed to the tumor type. These results suggest that LRRC29 expression can act as a biomarker to choose between GnP and FFX treatment. In this way, NetraAI's ability to generate explainable hypotheses around patient subpopulations can help oncologists personalize treatments and better understand clinical trial patient populations. By identifying distinct genetic signatures within patient datasets. By identifying unique molecular heterogeneity that explains differing responses to therapy, NetraAI is a powerful tool that can extract insights from multi-dimensional and highly heterogenous patient population datasets that can help to inform clinical trial enrichment decisions to improve the success of pivotal trials. This work has a significant impact on precision medicine and clinical trial de-risking, while identifying specific genes and pathways involved in patient response to therapy. Citation Format: Bessi Qorri, Mike Tsay, Josh Spiegel, Douglas Cook, Joseph Geraci. Understanding treatment response in pancreatic cancer: NetraAI provides genetic differentiation in FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B073.

Intracranial meningioma: an unusual silent killer—about two cases report and a literature review

BackgroundMeningiomas are common benign intracranial tumors, accounting for 1/3 of all primary intracranial neoplasms, and hence, are not considered the chief cause of death when encountered incidentally during autopsy. These tumors are usually slow-growing, and the clinical course may be asymptomatic to the point of acute complications. Sudden unexpected deaths due to meningiomas are exceptional and rarely reported in the literature.In the present report, we describe two autopsy cases of sudden unexpected death due to meningiomas and we discuss the mechanism of death.Case presentationTwo apparently healthy men were discovered dead in their home. A judicial autopsy was ordered. At dissection, a pedunculated firm mass, attached to the dura was found in both cases. Tumors were located in the anterior and middle fossa. The remaining organs were congestive without any abnormality. A microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of meningiomas. Postmortem toxicology analysis was negative. Forensic pathologists concluded to sudden unexpected death due to intracranial meningioma.ConclusionsThese cases illustrate the possibility of meningioma remaining silent till acute complication and fatal outcome. Therefore, clinicians must bear in mind the possibility, albeit extremely rare, of sudden unexpected death in cases of undiagnosed intracranial meningiomas, as documented in the present report. Thus, we emphasize the value of promptly and thoroughly investigating even seemingly minor neurological symptoms, such as headaches or acute epileptic seizures, in adults. We also stress the importance of the early detection and appropriate management of brain tumors in fatal outcome prevention, and we highlight the role of the post-mortem examination to detect such a fatal complication.

Evaluation of Clinical and Laparotomy Findings of Ovarian Tumor

Background: In Bangladesh, ovarian malignancy is quite common. Given the growing emphasis on improving female health, the prevention, early detection &amp; and early treatment of female cancer will undoubtedly become more important at present &amp; and in the future. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and laparotomy findings of ovarian tumor. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Medical College and Hospital from July 2021 to December 2022. 50 consecutive patients who attended the outpatient and who were admitted to this Hospital during this period, were taken as the study population. Results: During this study, out of 50 cases 32 (64%) complained of vague abdominal discomfort and occasional pain in the lower abdomen and 23 (46%) complained of a lump in the lower abdomen. Anemia was present clinically in 45 (90%) Mass was present in the abdomen of 44 (88%) patients. There were unilateral neoplasm in 43 (86%) cases and (14%) cases were bilateral. In 7 (14%) cases, neoplasms were solid, in 7 (14%) cases adhesions to the surrounding structures, partly cystic partly solid were 7 (14%) cases, clear peritoneal fluid in 5 (10%) cases and peritoneal seedling in 3 (6%) cases. Conclusion: Incidence of hospital admission of ovarian neoplasm in this study was 5.8%. Regarding nature of the neoplasm, 86 percent were found benign and 14 percent malignant. The mean age of the patients having neoplasm 35.5 years. As ovarian neoplasm is a silent killer disease, if we can provide some information through mass media, it may be of some help in early diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm and thereby could help our youthful victims.

Nanotechnological synergy of mangiferin and curcumin in modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a novel front in ovarian cancer precision therapeutics.

Background: Ovarian cancer, colloquially termed the "silent killer" among gynecological malignancies, remains elusive due to its often-asymptomatic progression and diagnostic challenges. Central to its pathogenesis is the overactive PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, responsible for various cellular functions, from proliferation to survival. Within this context, the phytochemical compounds mangiferin (derived from Mangifera indica) and curcumin (from Curcuma longa) stand out for their potential modulatory effects. However, their inherent bioavailability challenges necessitate innovative delivery systems to maximize therapeutic benefits. Objective: This study seeks to synergize the merits of nanotechnology with the therapeutic properties of mangiferin and curcumin, aiming to bolster their efficacy against ovarian cancer. Methods: Employing specific nanotechnological principles, we engineered exosomal and liposomal nano-carriers for mangiferin and curcumin, targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Molecular docking techniques mapped the interactions of these phytochemicals with key proteins in the pathway, analyzing their binding efficiencies. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations, spanning 100 nanoseconds, verified these interactions, with additional computational methodologies further validating our findings. The rationale for the 100 nanoseconds time span lies in its sufficiency to observe meaningful protein-ligand interactions and conformational changes. Notably, liposomal technology provided an enhancement in drug delivery by protecting these compounds from degradation, allowing controlled release, and improving cellular uptake. Results: Our computational investigations demonstrated notable binding affinities of mangiferin and curcumin: PI3K at -11.20kcal/mol, Akt at -15.16kcal/mol, and mTOR at -10.24kcal/mol. The adoption of exosome/liposome-mediated delivery significantly amplified the bioavailability and cellular uptake of these nano-formulated compounds, positioning them as potential stalwarts in ovarian cancer intervention. A brief explanation of exosome/liposome-mediated delivery involves the use of these vesicles to encapsulate and transport therapeutic agents directly to the target cells, enhancing drug delivery efficiency and minimizing side effects. Conclusion: Addressing ovarian cancer's intricacies, dominated by the erratic PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, mandates innovative therapeutic strategies. Our pioneering approach converges nanotechnological liposomal delivery with mangiferin and curcumin's natural efficacies. This confluence, validated by computational insights, heralds a paradigm shift in ovarian cancer treatment. As our findings underscore the collaborative potential of these phytochemicals, it beckons further exploration in translational studies and clinical applications, ensuring the best intersection of nature and technology for therapeutic advantage.

Hypertension and Its Contributing Factor among Adult People of Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal

Hypertension is a substantial public health concern on account of its extremely high prevalence all around the globe. It is referred to as a "silent killer" due to the fact that early-stage symptoms are rarely apparent until a medical emergency arises, such as chronic kidney disease, heart attack, or stroke. Therefore, this research aims to assess the contributing factor to hypertension among adult people of Belaspur -12, Nepalgunj, Banke. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed for the study, and primary data were collected through the implementation of a structured questionnaire and a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The analysis was carried out on the gathered data using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS (version 21.0). The findings of the research revealed that among total 120 respondents, nearly half of the respondents 56 (46.7%) had hypertension in 1- stage, while more than half of the respondents 64 (53.3%) had hypertension in its 2-stage. Based on the research findings, it can be inferred that the major factors contributing to hypertension among adult population were being alcohol consumption, consumption of animal source fat, overweight or obese, family history of hypertension.

A benzimidazolium salt induces apoptosis and arrests cells at sub-G1 phase in epithelial ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer, also known as a silent killer, is the deadliest gynecological cancer in women worldwide. Epithelial ovarian cancers constitute the majority of ovarian cancers, and diagnosis can be made in advanced stages, which greatly reduces the likelihood of treatment and lowers the survival rate. For the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancers, the search for synthetic agents as well as agents of natural origin continues. The effects of 1-(2-cyanobenzyl)-3-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-3-ium chloride (BD), a benzimidazole derivative, were investigated on epithelial ovarian cancer cells. In our study, the effects of BD on proliferation, colony formation, cell death by apoptosis and the cell cycle in A2780 and A2780 Adriamycin (ADR) ovarian cancer cell lines were investigated. Proliferation was examined with cell viability analysis, colony formation and apoptosis with Annexin V staining and cell cycle analyses with PI staining, respectively. As a result of the analyses, BD inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, induced apoptosis and cell death at 48h in A2780 and A2780 ADR cells at 10.10 and 10.36 µM concentrations, respectively. In addition, A2780 and A2780ADR cells were arrested in the Sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. BD suppresses cancer cell progression by showing antiproliferative effects on ovarian cancer cells. Further analyses are required to determine the mechanism of action of this agent and to demonstrate its potential as a suitable candidate for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Heat-related illnesses: advice for clinicians and healthcare professionals

The increase in heatwaves, a significant consequence of global warming, represents a major public health issue and is the main cause of death related to hyperthermia. The seriousness of such exposure to extreme ambient temperature lies in the difficulty to the general population to identify the warning signs and take appropriate protective measures. This article therefore presents guidelines for the prevention, recognition and treatment of heat-related illnesses, and thus arms clinicians and healthcare professionals who are on the front line in protecting the general population from this 'silent killer'.

Metal-based carbon monoxide releasing molecules with promising cytotoxic properties.

Carbon monoxide, the "silent killer" gas, is increasingly recognised as an important signalling molecule in human physiology, which has beneficial biological properties. A particular way of achieving controlled CO administration is based on the use of biocompatible molecules that only release CO when triggered by internal or external factors. These approaches include the development of pharmacologically effective prodrugs known as CO releasing molecules (CORMs), which can supply biological systems with CO in well-regulated doses. An overview of transition metal-based CORMs with cytotoxic properties is here reported. The mechanisms at the basis of the biological activities of these molecules and their potential therapeutical applications with respect to their stability and CO releasing properties have been discussed. The activation of metal-based CORMs is determined by the type of metal and by the nature and features of the auxiliary ligands, which affect the metal core electronic density and therefore the prodrug resistance towards oxidation and CO release ability. A major role in regulating the cytotoxic properties of these CORMs is played by CO and/or CO-depleted species. However, several mysteries concerning the cytotoxicity of CORMs remain as intriguing questions for scientists.

Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Ethiopia: analysis using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

Malnutrition is a silent killer that is under-reported, under-addressed, and, as a result, emphasized. This study aimed to identify the determinants of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among under-five children in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A total of 6,170 under-five children were included in the current analysis. The data were cleaned and analyzed using STATA 14. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the association between factors and outcomes. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in multivariable logistic regression. A multivariable logistic regression revealed that under-five children with the age of children in months 6-11 (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.86), 12-23 (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.65, 2.37), and 24-59 months (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.08), birth order between fourth and fifth (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.54), having fever (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.58), anemic children (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.36), age of mothers in years 25-34 (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.72) and 35-49 (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.63), antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.92), rural residence (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.54, 3.49), and solid fuels users (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.26) were significant predictors. Older age of children, those with higher birth order, those having fever, anemic children, those living in rural areas, and solid fuel users were more likely to suffer from SAM, while older mothers and those having ANC visits had reduced SAM as significant predictors.

Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional study

Background: Hypertension, or increased blood pressure, is seen worldwide because of lifestyle changes. Hypertension is a risk factor for diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Most hypertensives are not seeking treatment; either they are unaware of the condition or asymptomatic for a long period, leading to sudden deaths. Hence, it is called a “silent killer.” Previously, hypertension was prevalent only in older people. Recent data from various studies mentioned that the prevalence of hypertension is increasing at a young age. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among rural people aged 30 years and older. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among people 30 years of age or older. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh for 2 years after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from participants. Simple and systemic random sampling was used to select 300 participants. Data were collected using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires. The analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences software, version 26.0. The association between two categorical variables was measured using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. A P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total subjects, 81 (27%) were diagnosed with hypertension. The majority (57%) of the study subjects were females, and the majority of the hypertensives were 51–70 years old (47.2%) and males (31.8%). Hypertension had a significant association with age, education, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking, intake of alcohol, family history of hypertension, and salt consumption of &gt;5 g, but not with gender, type of family, or history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension has also increased in rural areas because of cultural and lifestyle changes. By modifying the risk factors, the occurrence of hypertension can be prevented at an early age and can be kept under control in those already affected.

Advancements in rheumatoid arthritis therapy: a journey from conventional therapy to precision medicine via nanoparticles targeting immune cells.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects the inner lining of the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. While RA is not known as lethal, recent research indicates that it may be a silent killer because of its strong association with an increased risk of chronic lung and heart diseases. Patients develop these systemic consequences due to the regular uptake of heavy drugs such as disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs), etc. Nevertheless, a number of these medications have off-target effects, which might cause adverse toxicity, and have started to become resistant in patients as well. Therefore, alternative and promising therapeutic techniques must be explored and adopted, such as post-translational modification inhibitors (like protein arginine deiminase inhibitors), RNA interference by siRNA, epigenetic drugs, peptide therapy, etc., specifically in macrophages, neutrophils, Treg cells and dendritic cells (DCs). As the target cells are specific, ensuring targeted delivery is also equally important, which can be achieved with the advent of nanotechnology. Furthermore, these nanocarriers have fewer off-site side effects, enable drug combinations, and allow for lower drug dosages. Among the nanoparticles that can be used for targeting, there are both inorganic and organic nanomaterials such as solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, dendrimers, and biomimetics that have been discussed. This review highlights contemporary therapy options targeting macrophages, neutrophils, Treg cells, and DCs and explores the application of diverse nanotechnological techniques to enhance precision RA therapies.

Brassica oleracea var.acephala of kashmir as a promising candidate for improvement of lipid profile associated with hyperglycemia through in vivo study in male albino rats

Diabetes mellitus commonly considered as clandestine killer is a metabolic disorder that affects people all over the world and is a silent killer. A variety of treatments are available, including insulin and oral anti-diabetic medications for regulating blood sugar levels in the body but every treatment option has certain unfavorable side effects that might cause abnormalities with the macro and microvascular systems in the human body. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) from the brassica family is gaining popularity due to its phytochemical content and ability to prevent many ailments, notably those brought on by oxidative stress. The current study assessed Brassica oleracea var acephala of the UT of Kashmir locally known as khanyari as it is loaded with various bioactive substances including total phenols, flavonoids, and glucosinolates that impart antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Kale(K-29) showed impressive results in normalizing the blood glucose levels(102.30mg/dl) as well as improving the lipid profile such as cholesterol(76.22mg/dl), HDL(36.4mg/dl), LDL(36.1mg/dl), VLDL(21.2mg/dl) and triglycerides(85.40mg/dl) that is usually accompanied with hyperglycemia. The treatment of K-29 also showed improvisation in the various hepatic parameters such as S.G.P.T(91.14), S.G.O.T (41.18), Alkaline phosphatase (102.32U/L), Albumin (6.12g/dl), S. bilirubin direct(0.6mg/dl), S. bilirubin indirect(0.43mg/dl).

Sepsis and antimicrobial resistance

AbstractIn this editorial, Professor Roger Kirby, Editor‐in‐Chief of Trends in Urology and Men's Health, considers the dilemma behind the management of this silent but deadly killer.

Types of Empowerments on Improving Hypertension among Elderly: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease, often referred to as the silent killer disease, that mostly affects the elderly. Changes in body condition and unhealthy lifestyles cause hypertension in the elderly. Hypertension is basically a cause of high mortality and impacts expensive care for the elderly. The caregiver's lack of ability is one of the triggers for the severity of hypertension. The caregiver plays a crucial role in helping elderly people with hypertension become independent. Research on the empowerment of caregivers of elderly hypertensives is very diverse, but research on the most effective empowerment for caregivers is limited. Objective: This study aims to investigate the type of empowerment that improves hypertension in the elderly. Methods: The online databases include Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, Sage, Ebscohost, and Google Scholar. Articles were reviewed from 2018 to 2022. Protocol and evaluation of literature review using the PRISMA checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines. Results: A total of 15 articles define the types of empowerments, comprising 6 types of such as family empowerment (4 articles), social support (4 articles), adaptation (2 articles), education (3 articles), dyadic partnership (1 article), and multidisciplinary (1 article). The development of a caregiver empowerment model is expected to increase the ability to care for the elderly and have an impact on the self-management of hypertension. Conclusions: Empowering caregivers for elderly people with hypertension is an important step in ensuring that elderly people receive optimal care and are able to better manage their hypertension condition. The most common were family empowerment and social support.

Trend, burden and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hypertension is a silent killer disease and the global report revealed that half of the world's population lives with undiagnosed hypertension. The problem is expected to be worse in low-income countries such as in Horn of Africa countries. Thus, we planned to determine the trend, burden, and determinates of undiagnosed hypertension in this region and provide conclusive and tangible evidence for interventions. Articles were searched on Google, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the published articles' reference list. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment. A sensitivity test and I2 statistics were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity. The Begg's statistics in the random effect model were done to evaluate the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa was 17% (95% CI: 15%-20%) and it ranges from from 13% in 2006 to 20% in 2023. A trip time to a medical institution of less than 35 minutes (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35-0.79), no regular exercise (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54-3.32), age > = 45 years (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.66-3.8), age 35-44 years (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.5-2.37), male (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34-2.2), poor knowledge (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 2.39,4.53), normal BMI (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.96-4.98), Overweight (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 2.96-4.98), poor health seeking (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 2.01-3.86), low vegetable consumers (OR = 1.99, 95%CI:1.36-2.91), smoking (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.13-1.93), high triglyceride (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.33-2.52), chat chewing (OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.54-3.09), and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.32-2.33) were the determinats of undiagnosed hypertension. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was low in the Horn of Africa but its trend was increased over time. Individual level variables were identified that affect the undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, healthy lifestyle is recommended.

Implementation of ADABOOST Algorithm on C50 for Improving the Performance of Liver Disease Classification

The liver is a vital organ that is important for humans because it plays a role in regulating hormone cycles, neutralizing toxins, and controlling the composition of blood. Liver disease is a common ailment worldwide. Often, this disease occurs without specific symptoms (asymptomatic). Therefore, liver disease is known as a "silent killer," and it is necessary to quickly and accurately diagnose and treat liver diseases. Data mining technology can be useful for rapidly detecting liver diseases from laboratory diagnosis results. One classification algorithm that can be used is the C50 algorithm. This algorithm is an improvement over the previous C45 algorithm, with several advantages such as efficient memory usage and more concise tree results. However, the C50 algorithm may experience overfitting on complex medical data, requiring the boosting process using AdaBoost. The AdaBoost algorithm can make the C50 algorithm more susceptible to overfitting. Another advantage of the AdaBoost algorithm is its ability to handle imbalanced datasets in terms of target labels. This research used 583 data from UCI machine learning with two target labels: liver and normal. The research results show that the C50 algorithm is capable of identification with an accuracy rate of 74.58%. Furthermore, the C50 algorithm's accuracy can be maximized by AdaBoost to reach 86.44%

Empagliflozin alone and in combination with metformin ameliorate diabetes type 2-oxidative stress

Currently, one of the major public health concerns is diabetes mellitus, which is known as a silent killer due to the failure to diagnose it at an early stage. A growing body of research indicates that metformin and empagliflozin have antioxidant properties in addition to their hypoglycemic properties. Our research looked into the potential antioxidant effects of metformin and empagliflozin on diabetic rats by decreasing oxidative stress. For eight weeks, 42 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: normal control, diabetic control group, diabetic group received dimethyl sulfoxide as a vehicle(solvent) of the empagliflozin, 250 mg/kg metformin only, 10 mg/kg empagliflozin only and a combination of both. A single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozocin administered intraperitoneally was after administering 10% fructose in drinking water for two weeks to cause type 2 diabetes in rats. The evaluation of oxidative stress involved the quantification of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels upon completion of the experimental period. Additionally, blood glucose levels were determined using blood samples from the tail, and body weight was monitored on a weekly basis. Our findings showed that compared to the diabetic group, the therapy groups had considerably lower blood glucose, and serum MDA levels, while higher levels of SOD, and less decrease in body weight. Furthermore, even better results were obtained when empagliflozin and metformin were administered together. As a result of our findings, diabetic rats treated with empagliflozin and metformin had lower levels of oxidative stress.

Analysis of the Characteristics of Ovarian Tumors

Ovarian tumor is a condition where the ovaries experience abnormal growth, disrupting their function as the site for follicles and the production and secretion of estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual process and women's hormones. This makes ovarian tumors highly dangerous. The purpose of this research is to understand the characteristics of ovarian tumor disease. This study is qualitative descriptive research using the literature study method through a review of literature from previous research journals. The results of this research explain that there are three types of ovarian tumors: benign tumors, borderline tumors, and malignant tumors. These tumors can develop into cancer in advanced stages, spreading to other organs, and their growth often goes unnoticed, earning them the nickname "silent killer." The characteristics of each tumor stage differ, emphasizing the need for exploration in patients affected by ovarian tumors. Based on the conducted research, it is recommended that further studies be conducted on the clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian tumors.