Native Signers Research Articles

Expression of Aboutness Subject Topic Constructions in Turkish Sign Language (TİD) Narratives

In the visual-spatial modality, signers indicate old, new, or contrastive information using certain syntactic, prosodic, and morphological strategies. Even though information structure has been described extensively for many sign languages, the flow of information in the narrative discourse remains unexplored in Turkish Sign Language (TİD). This study aims to describe aboutness subject topic constructions in TİD narratives. We examined data from six adult native signers of TİD and found that TİD signers mainly used nominals for reintroduced aboutness subject topics. The optional and rare non-manual markers observed on reintroduced topics mainly included squint, brow raise, and backward head tilt. Maintained aboutness subject topics, which have higher referential accessibility, were often omitted and tracked with zero anaphora. Finally, we found that constructed action is more frequently present on the predicates of clauses with a maintained aboutness subject topic than with a reintroduced aboutness subject topic. Overall, these results indicate that the use of constructed action and nominals in aboutness subject topics correlates with referential accessibility in TİD. While the former has been observed more in maintained contexts, the latter has been observed mainly in reintroduced contexts. In addition to the syntactic and prosodic cues that may distinguish old information from new or contrastive information in narratives, we suggest that pragmatic cues such as referential accessibility may help account for the manual and non-manual articulation strategies for information structure in TİD narratives.

KEARIFAN LOKAL NELAYAN SUKU AKIT DI DESA TANJUNG KEDABU KECAMATAN RANGSANG PESISIR KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI

This Study aims to determine the forms of local wisdom of the Akit Tribe fishermen and to find out equipment the Akit tribe fishermen use to catch fish in the Rangsang Pesisir District.The research method used is a qualitative method. Data were collected by observation and in-depth interviews, in addition to of course documentation. The results of the study found that there are several forms of local wisdom related to the activities of fishermen that still exist and live and are used in the life of the fishermen community. The local wisdom referred to include: First, the Bele Laut Ritual, which is an activity that aims to maintain or keep the sea still providing sustenance and safety for fishermen. The second ritual of getting off the boat is when buying a new boat is done as a form of gratitude for the fishermen for the new boat. Third, Determination of time, weather and seasons, the fishermen of the Akit Tribe believe in natural signs, such as when there are many stars at night, tomorrow the weather will be shady and sunny. Then they believed that the cloud that was scaly like fish in the afternoon was a sign that it was fish season. The meaning of maintaining ecology is when going to sea (netting, splinting) when the catches obtained by fishermen sort the fish, meaning that small fish that are considered unable or less useful are released into the sea. This clearly means that they have thought about the sustainability of animal life (sea) for the future or for their children and grandchildren who will become fishermen. The fishing activities of the Akit Tribe still use simple technology and equipment such as motorboats, oars and nets.

Temperature behavior of the near band edge luminescence in CsPbBr3 single crystal and nanoparticle ensemble

The temperature dependences of the luminescence spectra for CsPbBr3 single crystal and nanoparticle ensemble are presented. The emission bands of single crystal are interpreted in terms of the direct and indirect exciton transitions. An attempt to estimate the contribution of the direct and indirect transitions for wide luminescence band inherent for CsPbBr3 nanoparticles is made. The temperature dependence of the luminescence band position is analyzed by the taking into account the thermal expansion and exciton-phonon interaction. For both the single crystal and the ensemble of nanoparticles, main contribution to the shift of the luminescence bands of the direct and indirect excitons to the low-energy region was revealed to be caused by the interaction with optical phonons. This interaction is predominant for the indirect excitons and can be used as a sign of Rashba nature of the exciton.

Integral Ecology As Theosemiotic: A Case For A Pragmatist Theological Ethics

Integral Ecology As Theosemiotic: A Case For A Pragmatist Theological Ethics

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

Ecotheological Community and the Question of Non-Human Animals Understood as Persons

THE LANDS WERE NOT EMPTY

THE LANDS WERE NOT EMPTY

Acquisition of turn-taking in sign language conversations: An overview of language modality and turn structure.

The task of transitioning from one interlocutor to another in conversation – taking turns – is a complex social process, but typically transpires rapidly and without incident in conversations between adults. Cross-linguistic similarities in turn timing and turn structure have led researchers to suggest that it is a core antecedent to human language and a primary driver of an innate “interaction engine.” This review focuses on studies that have tested the extent of turn timing and turn structure patterns in two areas: across language modalities and in early language development. Taken together, these two lines of research offer predictions about the development of turn-taking for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) acquiring sign languages. We introduce considerations unique to signed language development – namely the heterogenous ecologies in which signed language acquisition occurs, suggesting that more work is needed to account for the diverse circumstances of language acquisition for DHH children. We discuss differences between early sign language acquisition at home compared to later sign language acquisition at school in classroom settings, particularly in countries with national sign languages. We also compare acquisition in these settings to communities without a national sign language where DHH children acquire local sign languages. In particular, we encourage more documentation of naturalistic conversations between DHH children who sign and their caregivers, teachers, and peers. Further, we suggest that future studies should consider: visual/manual cues to turn-taking and whether they are the same or different for child or adult learners; the protracted time-course of turn-taking development in childhood, in spite of the presence of turn-taking abilities early in development; and the unique demands of language development in multi-party conversations that happen in settings like classrooms for older children versus language development at home in dyadic interactions.

Ongoing Sign Processing Facilitates Written Word Recognition in Deaf Native Signing Children.

Signed and written languages are intimately related in proficient signing readers. Here, we tested whether deaf native signing beginning readers are able to make rapid use of ongoing sign language to facilitate recognition of written words. Deaf native signing children (mean 10 years, 7 months) received prime target pairs with sign word onsets as primes and written words as targets. In a control group of hearing children (matched in their reading abilities to the deaf children, mean 8 years, 8 months), spoken word onsets were instead used as primes. Targets (written German words) either were completions of the German signs or of the spoken word onsets. Task of the participants was to decide whether the target word was a possible German word. Sign onsets facilitated processing of written targets in deaf children similarly to spoken word onsets facilitating processing of written targets in hearing children. In both groups, priming elicited similar effects in the simultaneously recorded event related potentials (ERPs), starting as early as 200 ms after the onset of the written target. These results suggest that beginning readers can use ongoing lexical processing in their native language – be it signed or spoken – to facilitate written word recognition. We conclude that intimate interactions between sign and written language might in turn facilitate reading acquisition in deaf beginning readers.

BILINGUAL CURRICULUM MATERIALS SUPPORTING SIGNED LANGUAGE AS A FIRST LANGUAGE FOR DEAF STUDENTS

Considering Deaf children and adults as bilingual - their first language is a Signed Language (SL) and the second language is learned via print - provides professionals with a paradigm to be used for creating better learning opportunities. In this paper, Greek Sign Language ((G)SL)) [1] as a first language (L1) is the base language we use to present certain bilingual methodological teaching and learning considerations. This work is the result of a long journey from the initial thinking of the American Sign Language Curriculum and its influence on the development of the (G)SL curriculum in Greece. The paper offers discussion of innovative educational multimedia material that are easily accessed via online web portals, developed for teaching (G)SL as an L1 to pre-school and primary school Deaf children. In this work, SL as L1 is a resource that fully enables Deaf children to learn an L2 via print, supporting their bilingual acquisition capabilities. In developing curricula and supporting materials, we consider two important foundational components: Deaf native signers and near native signers as language role models for Deaf children, parents and teachers; and the development and interaction with digital educational materials. Thus, collaboration between educational and technology professionals and members of the Deaf community is critical. This bilingual model can be incorporated into any SL. (G)SL) is used as a model to display innovative practices merging SL (L1), print (L2), technology and creative instructional and assessment materials, maximized by understanding the visual nature of SL and its advantages for school learning. The penultimate goal is Deaf students to become successful bilingual learners to fully function in the world today and tomorrow.
 
 
 [1] In this paper, we will use (G)SL to indicate that we are discussing Greek Signed Language but content and technology can be used for any SL.

How the hand has shaped sign languages

In natural languages, biological constraints push toward cross-linguistic homogeneity while linguistic, cultural, and historical processes promote language diversification. Here, we investigated the effects of these opposing forces on the fingers and thumb configurations (handshapes) used in natural sign languages. We analyzed over 38,000 handshapes from 33 languages. In all languages, the handshape exhibited the same form of adaptation to biological constraints found in tasks for which the hand has naturally evolved (e.g., grasping). These results were not replicated in fingerspelling—another task where the handshape is used—thus revealing a signing-specific adaptation. We also showed that the handshape varies cross-linguistically under the effects of linguistic, cultural, and historical processes. Their effects could thus emerge even without departing from the demands of biological constraints. Handshape’s cross-linguistic variability consists in changes in the frequencies with which the most faithful handshapes to biological constraints appear in individual sign languages.

The Impact of Inefficient Urban Growth on Spatial Inequality of Urban Green Resources (Case Study: Urmia City)

Urban green spaces are essential for improving the livability of cities. Urban parks as green and public open spaces and signs of nature in cities have special economic and social value. The existence of neighborhood parks and their proper distribution is a key element for improving the quality of life in the cities. Spatial equity and accessibility to parks are factors influencing the performance of parks. This study was conducted to determine the current situation of Urmia city in this regard by using the travel cost approach and network analysis, and also examining the impact of rapid urban growth on spatial inequalities. According to the results, 18% of the residential land in Urmia city is located outside of the park service area, and 68% of residential lands outside the park’s service area are areas that have developed as a result of urban growth in the last two decades. Based on the analysis, in 23 neighborhoods of Urmia city, the entire neighborhood is located in the service area of parks and has pedestrian access to this service. Other neighborhoods—to address the issue of spatial justice related to urban parks—fall into three categories: high, medium, and low priority.

Imagery, Irony, and Transcendence in Carl Jonas Love Almqvist's The Queen's Tiara

Imagery, Irony, and Transcendence in Carl Jonas Love Almqvist's <i>The Queen's Tiara</i>

Dialektychnyi kharakter yurydychnoi vidpovidalnosti za porushennia zakonodavstva pro zapobihannia vynyknenniu i poshyrenniu osoblyvo nebezpechnykh infektsiinykh khvorob

Legislation regulating public health relations in the direction of preventing the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including those that are particularly dangerous, is analysed. The meaning of «system» is clarified. It is established that legal liability has the characteristics and properties of the system. With the help of a systematic approach, the relevance of the interaction of different types of responsibilities is substantiated. Attention is drawn to the tendency to expand the range of social relations governed by the rule of law, borrowing the rules of international law, the formation of complex branches of law. As a result, traditional sectoral types of legal liability are endowed with signs of intersectoral nature. It is proved that the responsibility for violating the legislation on prevention and spread of particularly dangerous infectious diseases is also endowed with signs of intersectoral, as its specific object is to protect public health from the emergence and spread of particularly dangerous infectious diseases and its provision is supported by the presence of different types of liability and types of offenses, which together form a single, holistic system of such liability. The criterion for distinguishing such a system has become the object of an offense. The close interdisciplinary connection between administrative and criminal responsibility is emphasized. Positive and negative approaches to the understanding of administrative and criminal liability in general, as well as in the field of occurrence and spread of particularly dangerous infectious diseases are researched. Emphasis is placed on the need to distinguish between the concepts of «responsibility» and «punishment». Arguments in favour of a broad approach to the interpretation of legal liability in general and to liability in this area are presented. Emphasis is placed on the need to rethink the dialectical connection between law and coercion, namely the need to understand responsibility not only as a control mechanism by the state, but also as a form of self-control of an individual, which later becomes his stable inner conviction.

Evolution of Gold in the Oxidation Zone of the Kopto Deposit (the Republic of Tuva, Russia)

Abstract —The Kopto deposit (northeastern Tuva) is assigned to gold ore objects with a combination of the Au–Cu–skarn and superposed quartz–gold–sulfide stockwork types of mineralization. From the surface, the ores underwent intense oxidation, which formed a zone of secondary gold enrichment, containing a supergene paragenesis with gold and silver chalcogenides and newly formed gold. The depth of distribution of oxidized ores from the surface is 80–90 m. The Au content varies from fractions of ppm to 150 ppm (on average, 30.8 ppm). Using computer thermodynamic modeling, it is shown how the ore gold–sulfide–quartz association transformed under oxidizing conditions with a decrease in the pH of solutions. Gold becomes more and more high-grade; acanthite appears and disappears; limonite prevails (pH = 1.65; Eh = 0.69 V). The conditions for the stability of pyrite, iron hydroxides, and gold and silver chalcogenides (petrovskaite (AgAuS) and uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2)) have been estimated. It requires weakly acidic solutions with pH = 5–6 and Eh values close to zero, which ensures the stability of thiosulfate and hydrosulfide complexes of noble metals. The main difference between solutions in equilibrium with petrovskaite and uytenbogaardtite is the Ag/Au ratios, which are maximum in the first case and approximately equal in the second. The paper is concerned with a comparative analysis of the morphologic features of gold from primary and oxidized ores of the Kopto gold deposit. The aim of this work is to identify a set of signs of the supergene nature of gold and to assess the extent of its redistribution.

NATURE, GOD AND THE CRUSADERS – REAL, SYMBOLIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WEAPONS DURING THE FIRST CRUSADE BASED (ON THE ANONYMOUS SOURCE “DEEDS OF THE FRANCS”)

The issue of the history of the Crusades has been researched for many years. During the twentieth century the foundation of further research was laid by K. Setton and S. Runciman. Undoubtedly, subsequent generations expanded the range of studies of the Crusades. J. Riley-Smith, C. Hillenbrand, Ch. Tyerman, J. Phillips, D. Nicolle, M. Barber and many other scholars have detailed some aspects of the Crusades. It should be noted that from the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. more and more attention began to be paid to the role of women in the history of the Crusades, the lower social classes, the vision of the movement from the point of view of Muslims, the role of natural, including climatic, factors, and so on. It is generally accepted in scientific world that the First Crusade was the most successful, and created the preconditions of the Franks presence in Outremer. But it should be noted that researches over the past few decades have shed light on one of the most important reasons for the success of the First Crusade – the political situation in the region among the Muslims. Many works of researchers are devoted to the events of 1095–1099, which continue to reveal new aspects of the course of those distant events. The Gesta is one of the most important sources available to us, covering the events of the First Crusade. Despite the fact that the issue of authorship remains controversial, the reliability of the source is high. The probable participant (or the author who recorded the events from an eyewitness) describes in detail not only the course of military and political events, but also records natural signs, miraculous visions, the appearance of saints and Jesus himself in the spirit of his time. Saints take an active part in the course of hostilities, help the Crusaders find relics, inspire them to perform feats. Nature, dreams, visions, relics appear as participants of the campaign, who influenced and could change the course of those events. What exactly does the author consider appropriate to record, what significance does he attach to these phenomena, how does he interpret them? The Gesta invites us to look at natural and symbolic phenomena from a different perspective and gives us an opportunity to understand the people from those far ages much better.

Mga Hitabo Sa Pagpalawod: The Ethnoclimatology among Fisherfolks of Gigantes Islands, Philippines

To understand the weather is one of the significant tasks in any fishing activity; this is to save lives and protect properties. This ethnoclimatological study explored the culture-based knowledge of fisherfolks in predicting weather conditions using nature signs and indicators, the practices upon their prognoses, and the natural phenomenon they encountered. Thirty fisherfolks from Gigantes Island, Carles, Iloilo, Philippines (11° 35′ 39′′ N, 123° 20′ 11′′ E) participated in the interview, observation, and focus group discussion. Themes were identified using Creswell’s (2012) steps for data analysis and were triangulated. Results revealed that fisherfolks use wind, clouds, mountains’ appearance, the scent of mud, and burned cogon grass to determine weather conditions. They believed that fishing is relative to weather. While venturing the sea, they encountered natural phenomena such as Pugada and typhoons, which put their lives and properties in danger. Hence, fishing in safe settings is dependent on the state of nature, which requires fundamental knowledge and practices. Thus, government and non-government organizations may uncover indigenous knowledge and practices in weather forecasting, evaluate their efficacy, and integrate them into natural disaster management systems to create a holistic program that addresses the long-term future of the fisherfolks. Keywords: Ethnoclimatology, Fisherfolks, Indigenous Knowledge, Natural Phenomena, Practices, Weather Forecasting

THE TRADITION OF LARUNG LAUT FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SUFI AND MUTAKALLIMIN

&lt;p&gt;Indonesian society, especially in Java, which is predominantly Muslim, has not yet been able to leave local traditions and culture. The acculturation of Islam and local culture produces a variety of religiosity that is unique and different from Muslim religiosity in other places. This tradition and culture are highly respected by the Javanese people, one of which is the Larung Laut tradition which is held by the fishing community as a form of gratitude and a request for safety to the rulers of the sea. The purpose of this article was to examine the tradition of Larung Laut from Sufi and Mutakallimin perspectives, using a phenomenological approach, descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study were: The Sufi perspective, a form of expressing gratitude for the abundance of blessings from God and being patient for sacrificial offerings displayed through the Larung Laut ceremony is one of the signs of Zuhud's nature. In addition, it also implied the values of Khauf (fear of Allah by having feelings of worry about the punishment of Allah that will be bestowed upon us), as well as the values of Raja' (expecting pleasure, mercy and help from Allah). Meanwhile, the perspective of Ahlussunah Wal Jamaah found that: Elements in the Javanese Larung Laut tradition that have polytheistic values must be removed; Larung Laut which has been internalized with Islamic values is an Islamic act, and is allowed, there is no element of shirk, superstition, and superstition; as well as the symbols contained in the Larung Laut tradition which are required for meaning and philosophy are part of the richness of Javanese culture that needs to be preserved, because it is the way of the previous elders in educating the next generations to be better and civilized&lt;/p&gt;

Constraint-evading surrogacy: the missing piece in Radical Embodied Cognition’s non-representationalist account of intentionality?

Radical Embodied Cognition (REC) is an anti-representationalist approach to the nature of basic cognition proposed by Daniel Hutto and Erik Myin. While endorsing REC’s arguments against a role for contentful representations in basic cognition we suggest that REC’s ‘teleosemiotic’ approach to intentional targeting results in a ‘grey area’ in which it is not clear what kind of causal-explanatory concept is involved. We propose the concept of constraint-evading surrogacy as a conceptual basis for REC’s account of intentional targeting. The argument is developed via a reconsideration of Peter Godfrey-Smith’s ‘environmental complexity thesis’. We show how constraint-evading surrogacy clarifies REC’s account of intentionality by specifying the role of external natural signs and certain internal states (REC’s ‘Local Indexical Guides’). We argue that the resulting view of intentionality can be extended to proto-biotic autocatalytic systems, offering support for the life-mind continuity thesis. We leave open the question of whether it is helpful to consider constraint-evading surrogacy to be a form of (non-contentful) representation, but we suggest that there is a prima facie case for such a view.

Indigenous Knowledge About Disaster in Folk Prose Narratives of Indonesian Coast

Indonesian people consists of various ethnic groups living in urban, rural, mountainous, and coastal areas. The people who inhabit each region have stories that describe the topography of the region and its culture. An example is people from coastal areas. The location of their residences which are close to the ocean makes them experts in recognizing natural signs and disaster characteristics from the sea. Their knowledge is shared with the social environment by verbal. One type of oral tradition originating from the natives is folk prose narratives such as legends, fairy tales, and stories of the origin of a place. This study aims to explore indigenous knowledge in folk prose narratives from the Indonesian coast. The results showed that the knowledge contained in folk prose narratives was how to recognize disaster signs from the sky (roaring wind, lightning flashes, pitch-dark sky, black cloud, and very heavy rain), disaster signs from the sea (low tides, hurricanes), ways to save yourself (climbing trees, climbing hills, and going to higher ground), and disaster prevention (not killing animals and cutting down trees carelessly). The conclusion is indigenous knowledge about disasters in folk prose narratives from the Indonesian coast is how to recognize natural signs, how to save themselves, and mitigation. The findings in this study are that Indonesian ancestors had knowledge in making flying vehicle and making fish feed on natural ingredient (chicken feathers).

SEMIOTIC POTENTIAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Abstract. Despite the considerable number of studies dealing with the semiotic aspects of education, none show the full semiotic potential of pedagogical education. This study presents the hierarchies of sign systems and their application in the training and development of future teachers. The use of A.B. Solomonik’s pyramid of sign systems to determine the semiotic potential of pedagogical education is particularly relevant. In this context, two goals of pedagogical training are considered. The first one is to use the sign systems of the given classification to identify the contents of the subject mastered by future teachers and use them for pedagogical interaction. In this case, semiotic research is developed in three directions: the semiotics of visualization of the content of school subjects; semiotics of visualization of the teaching process based on modern possibilities of technical means of education and information and communication technologies; and semiotics of pedagogical communication (internal and external). The second goal defines the prospects for using the presented semiotic pyramid for cultivating a general professional culture for student teachers. However, as a science, education does not have formalized first and second-order systems within the given classification. In this study, stereotypes (perceptions, images, behaviors) that determine the dynamics of a future teacher’s education and development function as units of sign systems. The development of stereotypes of pedagogical culture in future teachers determines their professional and personal progress, and the emergence and dynamics of innovative solutions. The characteristics of the four-level sign systems are given 1) Natural Sign Systems. These are elementary representations of interaction between student and teacher, reflecting life experiences made before the beginning of professional education. 2) Image Systems. These are stereotypes about the school education system held by applicants to the pedagogical universities. Stereotypes have both positive and negative characteristics. 3) Linguistic Systems. Verbal texts contain theoretical information about a particular area of professional culture and presuppose that each student acquires it individually (lecture material, traditional learning assignments, homework). A semiotic model of learning is manifested. The teacher gives a theoretical introduction to pedagogical paradigms – meta stereotypes of pedagogical perceptions and behaviors through language systems. 4) Writing systems. This level of sign systems includes written texts (documents) reflecting pedagogical systems and technologies, educational programs, and standards. A certain role in the formation of stereotypes among teachers is played at this level by the lists of competencies and professional functions defined by educational and professional standards. A different approach to personal and professional development implies a practice-oriented educational system developed through the continuous exercise of job-related tasks. In this sense, teacher training should reflect professional activity with the broader perspectives of synergy.