Signs Of Intoxication Research Articles

Police-suspect interactions and confession rates are affected by suspects' alcohol and drug use status in low-stakes crime interrogations.

BackgroundLow-stakes crimes related to alcohol and/or drugs are common around the world, but research is lacking on police–suspect interactions of such crimes. A large proportion of these suspects are intoxicated during interrogations, and many may have substance use disorder, making them potentially vulnerable to interrogative pressure.MethodsTo address this lack of knowledge, the taxonomy of interrogation methods framework (i.e., 60+ interrogation techniques classified into five domains) and a common classification of question types (appropriate vs. inappropriate) were applied in the coding of written police interrogations. Two archival studies, one pilot (Study 1, N = 39) and one main study (Study 2, N = 97) analyzed police interrogations with suspects of alcohol- and drug-related crimes in Sweden.ResultsFor both Study 1 and 2, suspects showed signs of alcohol and/or drug intoxication, hangover or withdrawal in more than 50% of all interrogations. In Study 2, additional coding indicated that suspects displayed signs of substance use disorder in 57% of the interrogations. The main results from both studies revealed a large number of direct questions asked by the police across all interrogations, and relatively little use of the strategic interrogation techniques from the taxonomy of interrogation methods framework. In fact, when it came to interrogation techniques, law enforcement used more confrontational techniques in their interactions with intoxicated suspects compared to sober suspects. Furthermore, suspects displaying signs of substance use disorder were significantly more cooperative and prone to confess than suspects without indicators of substance use disorder.ConclusionAs the first novel study on low-stakes crime interrogations related to alcohol and/or drugs, the present study provides useful information about current Swedish interrogation practices and areas for improvement. The study results indicate that suspects displaying signs of intoxication or substance use disorder may be more vulnerable during police interrogations. This may in turn have the potential to inform the development of new interrogation policies. Due to the novelty of this research, more studies are needed, both on a national and international level, to examine interrogations in low-stakes crimes further.

Характеристика аутоімунних та запальних реакцій у віддаленному періоді після інфекції COVID-19

The purpose of this work was a comparative study of the state of inflammatory reactions and the level of autoantibodies to neuroantigens in COVID-19 previously infected and vaccinated persons. People who have experienced a COVID-19 infection had an increased level of CRP, medium-mass molecules, in their blood serum. This indicates the persistence of a long-term inflammatory reaction after the infection. The level of autoantibodies to neuroproteins in blood sera was increased both in the groups of COVID-19 previously infected and vaccinated patients in comparison with persons who have not undergo the disease. This indicates the activation of humoral neuroautoimmune reactions, which can lead to the activation and development of progressive neurological complications in a remote period after infection. The level of anti-covid antibodies was 2-3 times higher in vaccinated than in COVID-19 previously infected persons, in the last group both high and low titers of antibodies were registered. This indirectly indicates possible re-infection and the need to vaccinate persons who already had experienced the infection. Subjects who have not suffered from COVID-19 show lower signs of intoxication, inflammation, and levels of neuroautoantibodies occurred if compare to other groups. In addition, the titer of specific anticovid antibodies was significantly low; this indicates a lack of humoral immunity to the COVID-19 virus. The reasons and mechanisms of such a “resistance” to infection are unclear and represent a certain scientific and practical interest for further study.

Clinical case of severe pseudomembranous colitis caused by pathogenic infection <i>Clostridium Difficile</i>

Objective. Literature review of pseudomembranous colitis caused by pathogenic Clostridium difficile infection and description of a clinical case of pseudomembranous colitis.
 Materials and methods. A clinical case of a patient with pseudomembranous colitis is presented.
 Results. In a patient with multiple injuries and grade II shock, whose condition required numerous surgical interventions and intensive antibiotic therapy, after the completion of antibiotic therapy there appeared signs of pseudomembranous colitis loose stools (up to 5 times a day), fever up to 39 C, signs of endogenous intoxication, A C. difficile toxin was found in faeces. Antibiotic-associated colitis was diagnosed; metronidazole 500 mg 3 times a day, activated charcoal, infusion therapy were prescribed on the 12th day, the therapy led to recovery. During the subsequent reconstructive operation, lincomycin 600 mg was administered by infusion for prophylactic purposes, after which, 6 hours later, the patient developed a clinical picture of severe pseudomembranous colitis. A laboratory study of faeces again revealed toxin A C. difficile. The recurrence of the disease required a long-term treatment in the gastroenterology department.
 Conclusions. Pseudomembranous colitis is certainly a complex pathology that is a serious hospital-acquired infection. Accurate diagnosis requires correct assessment of the patients condition through clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods, correct prescription of conservative treatment and choice of surgical intervention tactics.

Weasel exposure to the anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone in agrarian landscapes of southwestern Europe.

Bromadiolone is an anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) commonly used as a plant protection product (PPP) against rodent pests in agricultural lands. ARs can be transferred trophically to predators/scavengers when they consume intoxicated live or dead rodents. ARs exposure in weasels Mustela nivalis, small mustelids specialized on rodent predation, is poorly known in southern Europe. Moreover, in this species there is no information on bioaccumulation of AR diastereomers e.g., cis- and trans-bromadiolone. Trans-bromadiolone is more persistent in the rodent liver and thus, is expected to have a greater probability of trophic transfer to predators. Here, we report on bromadiolone occurrence, total concentrations and diastereomers proportions (trans- and cis-bromadiolone) in weasels from Castilla y León (north-western Spain) collected in 2010-2017, where bromadiolone was irregularly applied to control outbreaks of common voles Microtus arvalis mainly with cereal grain bait distributed by the regional government. We also tested variables possibly associated with bromadiolone occurrence and concentration, such as individual features (e.g., sex), spatio-temporal variables (e.g., year), and exposure risk (e.g., vole outbreaks). Overall bromadiolone occurrence in weasels was 22% (n = 32, arithmetic mean of concentration of bromadiolone positives = 0.072 mg/kg). An individual showed signs of bromadiolone intoxication (i.e., evidence of macroscopic hemorrhages or hyperaemia and hepatic bromadiolone concentration > 0.1 mg/kg). All the exposed weasels (n = 7) showed only trans-bromadiolone diastereomer in liver, whilst a single analyzed bait from those applied in Castilla y León contained trans- and cis-bromadiolone at 65/35%. Bromadiolone occurrence and concentration in weasels varied yearly. Occurrence was higher in 2012 (100% of weasels), when bromadiolone was widely distributed, compared to 2016-2017 (2016: 20%; 2017: 8.33%) when bromadiolone was exceptionally permitted. The highest concentrations happened in 2014 and 2017, both years with vole outbreaks. Our findings indicate that specialist rodent predators could be exposed to bromadiolone in areas and periods with bromadiolone treatments against vole outbreaks.

Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

In this present study, the toxicity of Cleome arabica L. (Capparidaceae) seed oils was tested on L5 larvae of Schistocerca gregaria, Forsk. (Orthoptera-Acrididae). The forced administration of 60 ?L/individual of this vegetable oil leads to the death of all the treated larvae either before or after a few days of exuviation (imaginal moult). Signs of intoxication were observed a few hours after treatment, i.e. movement disorders, diarrhoea, inability to take food and weight loss. Male L5 larvae seem more sensitive than female L5; the mortality rates being around 90.91% and 36.36% respectively after 16 days. The TL50 recorded in treated L5 larvae is around 11 days.

Toxicological Profile of the Stem Bark Extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms (Fabaceae)

This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the methanolic extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis stem bark, a plant traditionally used against female fertility problems. Acute toxicity was evaluated in rats by sequential administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of body weight of extract according to the method described by protocol 425 of the Organization for Cooperation and economic development. Subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The weight evolution and the signs of toxicity were observed, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the blood of the animals were collected and analysed. The administration of the extract at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg caused no death and no toxic signs. The weight evolution, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the surviving rats were analysed and compared with those of the controls. Acute oral toxicity data determined that the LD50 of the extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Repeated dose administration did not cause any deaths or significant changes in haematological parameters. Some signs of intoxication were however noted and certain biochemical parameters analysed in the rats showed statistically significant differences compared to the controls. A decrease in creatinine was observed on the renal level, an increase in transaminases and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase on the hepatic level. An increase in total proteins at 100 and 200 mg/kg and triglycerides at 100 mg/kg were observed and also a significant drop in LDL-cholesterol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. This study shows that the stem barks of C. gabunensis would be moderately toxic in repeated oral administration, additional studies should be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the tissues of the different organs.

Anesthesia in Cocaine addicters: the risks of chemical interactions

The interaction between cocaine and anesthetic drugs has been known since 1884, when it was first used for the treatment of morphine addiction and as local anesthetic. Due to the large number of users of the substance, the interaction with anesthetic drugs has been frequent and it has been seen that many drugs have their effects altered in the presence of cocaine. Through bibliographical survey in PubMED and CrossRef, aiming to highlight the risks of this interaction and conduct in cases of elective surgeries in these patients, we conducted this study and verified that so many drugs have to be avoided due to their interaction effects, but in the absence of clinical signs of intoxication, screening becomes ineffective.

Dynamics of individual biochemical parameters of blood of intact white mice under the action of the drug “Vitosept”

The active substance of the drug “Vitosept” is high-purity sodium hypochlorite (HPSH), obtained by the direct electrochemical reaction on a newly developed diaphragm-free flow cell, bypassing the formation of molecular chlorine. The developers (Altapharm, Dnipro) used an isotonic (0.9 %) sodium chloride solution prepared in water purified by special technology as the starting electrolyte. The study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of Vitosept on the dynamics of serum biochemical parameters of intact white mice. During our research, we found that intragastric administration of even the highest concentrations (500 mg/L) of the drug “Vitosept” did not cause the death of animals or visible signs of intoxication. According to the analysis of clinical manifestations, behavioral reactions, assessment of discomfort, reflex reactions, and the course of metabolic processes, the animals of the experimental groups did not differ from the analogs of the control group. Assessing the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, it was found that the total protein content in the serum of white mice depended on the concentrations of the studied hypochlorite-containing drug and the duration of its receipt. In the animals of the first, second, and third experimental groups during the whole period of the experiment (20 days), the level of total protein in the serum was close to that of the animals of the control group. In animals of groups R4 and R5, on the 10th day of the experiment with the highest applied concentrations of Vitosept (400 and 500 mg/L), the content of total protein in the serum of white mice probably decreased by 8.3 and 7.7 %. It is established that such reduction occurs against the background of changes in the fractional composition of proteins. In white mice of group R5 on the 10th day of the experiment revealed a decrease in blood glucose by 5.9 % (P < 0.05), urea – by 7.4 % (P < 0.05), creatinine – by 9.1 % (P < 0.05). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was 32.1 % (P < 0.05) and GGTP – 70 % (P < 0.05) higher than in the blood of animals of the control group. On the 20th day of the experiment, the level of the studied indicators decreased slightly compared to the similar ones on the 10th day. It was within the limit values, although in most cases, it still differed from the indicators of the animals of the control group. It is obvious that when too high concentrations of even a slightly toxic drug are received, the animal's body reacts with a compensatory-adaptive reaction to the arrival of a foreign substance. Thus, we state that the hypochlorite-containing drug “Vitosept” with the long-term intragastric intake of white mice did not cause hepato- and nephrotoxic effects and revealed some deviations in biochemical parameters in animals of the fourth and fifth groups, on the background of 400–500 mg/L, is most likely the result of adaptive-compensatory response to the intake of the test substance.

Clinical and immunological efficacy of immunotherapeutic program after surgical treatment of children with various forms of acute peritonitis

Acute peritonitis (AP) is among the most frequent and severe conditions in pediatric abdominal surgery. Due to development of antibiotic resistance and increasing number of atypical infectious and inflammatory diseases (IIDs), a lot of specialists suggest combined treatments for these patients which should include not only surgical and etiotropic approaches, as well as therapy aimed at correction of functional defects of immunity. Neutrophilic granulocytes (NGs) reepresent a unique population of cells of primary anti-infectious immune response. Functional NG defects in pediatric AP play a leading role in development, prevalence, severity of peritoneal inflammation, and response to the therapy. Special role is given to functionally significant NG subsets responsible for triggering and implementation of phagocytosis and microbicidal properties of NG in purulent lesions and inflammatory process in children. There is an urgent need for development of new approaches to targeted immunomodulatory therapy in order to correct the NG dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to arrange the programs of immunomodulatory therapy after surgical treatment of immunocompromised children with various forms of acute peritonitis followed by subsequent evaluation of its clinical and immunological efficacy. The study included 12 immunocompromised children aged 5-12 years with different clinical course of acute peritonitis. The study group 1 included patients with local nonrestricted AP; study group 2 involved children with diffuse AP. The comparison groups consisted of 6 children who received standard therapy, i.e., clinical comparison groups 1 and 2, matched for sex, age and diagnosis. A control group consisted of 18 conditionally healthy children at similar age. Clinical examination included collection of the patient’s history, complaints, objective examination and clinical course assessment of the underlying disease. Immunological study included determination of receptor, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of NCs; assessment of NC subpopulations by their numbers and phenotype using flow cytometry, i.e., the cells co-expressing CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b, with testing density of these membrane receptors by the MFI approach. Targeted immunomodulatory therapy programs were applied for treatment of children with unrestricted local and diffuse AP, taking into account clinical features of AP, as well as changes in number and phenotype of NC subpopulations, and impairment of their effector function. The standards of postsurgical treatment in the children with various forms of AP included different courses of treatment with Imunofan (Hexapeptide – arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine; HP) using different schedules and duration. We have shown high clinical and immunological efficiency of these therapeutic programs. Thus, reversal of adequate NG functioning was observed, including positive rearrangements of negatively transformed functional NG subpopulations. In this respect, a positive clinical effect was noted in children with atypical AP with various clinical courses, i.e., absence of postsurgical complications, rapid regression of intoxication signs, normalization of body temperature, reduced volume of antibiotic therapy and shorter hospitalization terms.

Current state of methods for control the safety and potency of diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid in combined vaccines

Current state of methods for control the safety and potency of diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid in combined vaccines

Alpha-chloralose poisoning in cats: clinical findings in 25 confirmed and 78 suspected cases.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical picture in cats with alpha-chloralose (AC) intoxication and to confirm AC in serum from suspected cases of AC poisoning.MethodsSuspected cases of AC poisoning were identified in patient records from a small animal university hospital from January 2014 to February 2020. Clinical signs of intoxication described in respective records were compiled, the cats were graded into four intoxication severity scores and hospitalisation time and mortality were recorded. Surplus serum from select cases in late 2019 and early 2020 was analysed to detect AC with a quantitative ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and the AC concentration was compared with the respective cat’s intoxication severity score.ResultsSerum from 25 cats was available for analysis and AC poisoning was confirmed in all. Additionally, 78 cats with a clinical suspicion of AC intoxication were identified in the patient records, most of which presented from September to April. The most common signs of intoxication were ataxia, tremors, cranial nerve deficits and hyperaesthesia. The prevalence of clinical signs and intoxication severity differed from what has previously been reported, with our population presenting with less severe signs and no deaths due to intoxication. The majority had a hospitalisation time <48 h, irrespective of intoxication severity score.Conclusions and relevanceThis study describes the clinical signs and prognosis in feline AC intoxication. There were no mortalities in confirmed cases, indicating that AC-poisoned cats have an excellent prognosis when treated in a timely manner. Recognition of AC intoxication as a differential diagnosis for acute onset of the described neurological signs in areas where AC exposure is possible may influence clinical decision-making and help avoid excessive diagnostic procedures. A severe clinical picture upon presentation could be misinterpreted as a grave prognosis and awareness about AC poisoning may avoid unnecessary euthanasia.

Experimental study of the specificity of morphological changes development in internal organs with prolonged exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride to the body

Introduction. Occupational diseases detected at occupational examinations - pneumoconiosis and fluorosis - are, as a rule, chronic, the initial stages of development are almost asymptomatic. Industrial dust affects only the respiratory organs. Specific sign of fluoride intoxication is a lesion of the musculoskeletal system. The information available in the literature on the systemic manifestations of these diseases is not numerous. In this regard, it is relevant to study the early morphological changes, the timing of their occurrence and the features of development, depending on the specificity of the production factor. The study aims to experimentally identify the specificity of the development of morphological changes in organs and tissues under prolonged exposure to harmful production factors: coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride. Materials and methods. The authors conducted studies on adult white male laboratory rats. Scientists studied the features of the development of morphological changes in the bronchopulmonary system, heart, liver and kidneys in the dynamics of the impact of production factors on experimental models of anthracosilicosis and chronic fluoride intoxication. For histological examination, specialists carried out organ sampling in animals after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experime Results. Chronic exposure to coal-rock dust, as well as sodium fluoride, leads to the development of compensatory and adaptive changes in the internal organs in the early stages of the experiment before the formation of degenerative and fibroplastic disorders of the stromal and parenchymal components in the later stages. Inhalation of coal-rock dust creates in experimental animals by an early breakdown of the adaptive mechanisms of the respiratory system and heart muscle. There is a formation from the 6th week of the experiment of pneumosclerosis with the spread to the air-conducting structures, atrophy of the bronchial mucosa, degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes. Despite the early formation of stroma fibrosis, reparative processes restrain dystrophic cell changes in the liver and kidneys. All this develops by the 9th week of the experiment. The accumulation of sodium fluoride leads to the early formation of pronounced protein dystrophy of the liver and kidney parenchyma with the development of necrotic changes by the 6-9 weeks of the experiment. Disorders in the bronchopulmonary system before the 9th week of exposure are of the nature of immune inflammation with the subsequent development of degenerative changes in the air-conducting structures. The heart has moderate dystrophy throughout the experiment. Regardless of the influencing factor, changes in the vessels of the studied organs at the initial stages of the experiment lead to hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells of the media and intima, followed by the development of endotheliosis and hyalinosis. Limitations. The results of the histological examination are descriptive of pathomorphological changes in the bronchopulmonary system, heart muscle, liver and kidneys. We did not conduct a morphometry of various structures of the studied organs has not been carried out with subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained. In this regard, when studying the specifics of the development of morphological changes depending on the influencing harmful production factor, the compared indicators were the first morphological changes and the timing of their formation. Conclusions. The obtained results have theoretical and practical significance for the development of recommendations for timely preventive and organ-specific therapeutic measures in the premorbid period of the development of occupational diseases. Ethics. The researchers conducted maintenance, feeding and removal of animals from the experiment in accordance with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules of Good Laboratory Practice" (No. 199n of 01.04.2016), as well as the Guide for the Maintenance and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1996). Scientists received permission from the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases to conduct the study.

Clinical Laboratory Justification of Early Diagnosis and Prognosis on Surgical Sepsis Using Simple Laboratory Criteria in the Elderly

Introduction. Clinical and laboratory criteria of the Sepsis-2 Consensus disregard organ dysfunction manifestations and compensatory anti-inflammatory response in septic complications. The aim of the study was to develop a laboratory parameter detecting sepsis at different periods of its course based on a detailed complete blood test considering the degree of pro-inflammatory response to infection, an anti-inflammatory component, presence of a particular sign of the multiple organ failure. Materials and methods. A statistical study included 152 patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations of surgical sepsis who underwent inpatient treatment at the surgical clinical base of the North-Western State Medical University. In the group of patients who had signs of endogenous intoxication, but the diagnosis of sepsis was not confirmed, frequency of verification of septicopyemia at autopsy was identified in every 4th case. Variants of sepsis scoring were determined in accordance with the parameters of the complete blood test.Results. The correlation between the procalcitonin level and the scoring system was noted at 0,5019309, the correlation between the blood lactate level and the scoring system did not exceed 0,542726115. Findings. With a score higher than 7, the diagnosis of severe sepsis is very likely. With a score lower than 4, the presence of severe sepsis, including the development of septicopyemia, is unlikely. Under the condition when a score is equal 5-6 and combined with long periods of the disease, the search for distant foci of septicopyemia and assessment of the prognosis for the secondary sepsis development are priority. Conclusion. The scoring assessment of a simple laboratory investigation (detailed complete blood test), in our opinion, indirectly reflects the presence and period of septic complications. The use of a score system in practical healthcare can improve screening of patients with surgical infection complicated by the development of sepsis at all stages of medical care.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING OF THE FORCED TRANSFER OF VEHICLES FOR OFFENSES ASSOCIATED DRIVING IN A STATE OF INTOXICATION UNDER OF MARTIAL LAW REGIME

The issues of counteracting gross violations in the field of road safety were relevant in peacetime and remain so in a special period. The article examines the experience of a new practice for Ukraine (initiated by military administrations in different regions of the country) on the forced alienation of vehicles under martial law for defense needs of persons who drove them in a state or with signs of alcohol, drugs or other intoxication. The purpose of the article is to analyze this experimental law enforcement practice for compliance of such measures with the requirements of the law. Within the stated purpose the task of this research is also to find out gaps of the current legislation and the description of an optimum order of realization of the specified type of measures of a legal mode of martial law. The study is based on the use of general scientific and special methods. Using the dialectical method and the method of critical analysis, it was established that the detection of signs of misconduct under parts 1-4 of Article 130 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine (driving under the influence of alcohol) in martial law is the reason for choosing this vehicle alienation for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine or other military formations. The legislation determining the bases, subjects and the order of implementation of compulsory alienation of the vehicles which are in private property, in the conditions of martial law for the needs of the state is analyzed. Given that the Law of Ukraine «On Transfer, Compulsory Expropriation or Seizure of Property in the Conditions of Martial Law or State of Emergency» contains certain exceptions to the decision on compulsory expropriation of property in areas where hostilities are taking place, it is stated that this measure of martial law can be made in the usual and simplified order. The article, taking into account the legal requirements, presents the main stages of both procedures of forced alienation of vehicles.

Driver’s state of intoxication as a ground for forced alienation of vehicles during the state of war

The article is devoted to the study of the legal grounds for the forced alienation of vehicles from persons who drive them in a state of alcohol, drugs or other intoxication. It has been determined that the forcible alienation of property, including a vehicle, is considered to deprive the owner of the right to own individually determined property that is in private or communal ownership and becomes the property of the state for use under martial law or subsequent with full reimbursement of its value. The study also established mandatory conditions for the compulsory alienation of vehicles, including: imposition of martial law, decision on compulsory alienation exclusively by military command with or without agreement (depending on the presence or absence of direct hostilities) with the Autonomous Council of Ministers Republic of Crimea, regional, district, Kyiv or Sevastopol city state administration or executive body of the relevant local council; full pre- liminary / subsequent reimbursement of the value of the forcibly alienated vehicle; compliance with a certain procedure. The procedure of compulsory alienation of the vehicle includes the sequential performance of the following actions: stopping the vehicle; detection of signs of intoxication and examination of the driver in accordance with the requirements of current legislation of Ukraine; drawing up by the police of the report on the administrative offense provided by Art. 130 Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses; compulsory alienation of a vehicle by a representative of the military command with drawing up an act on compulsory alienation of the vehicle and a conclusion on the value of the property on the date of its assessment; reimbursement of the value of the forcibly alienated vehicle. An important condition for the forced alienation of vehicles is the preliminary and full reimbursement of its value (requisition). Under martial law, property may be forcibly expropriated from the owner, followed by full reimbursement of its value. The monetary reward depends on the assessment of the vehicle. The monetary reward depends on the assessment of the vehicle, which is reflected in the conclusion on the value of the property.

Chronic gastroduodenitis associated with Helicobacter pylori in combination with giardiasis in children

Background. The results of most scientific studies in recent years have made it possible to reconsider the traditional ideas about the pathogenesis of chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) from a new perspective. The purpose was to investigate the clinical and endoscopic features of СGD associated with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) in combination with giardiasis. Materials and methods. The study included 105 children aged 7–16 years divided into two groups: I — patients with СGD associated with H.pylori (n = 29), II — children with СGD associated with H.pylori in combination with giardiasis (n = 76). The study was conducted on the basis of the gastroenterology department of the Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital during 2020–2021 and included esophagogastroduodenofibroscopy, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, rapid urease test, determination of specific M, A and G immunoglobulins to H.pylori CagA antigen in the blood serum and in feces, fecal examination for Giardia lamblia (G.lamblia) antigen by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The most severe infection of G.lamblia occurred in children aged 9–13 years (17 people out of 29 positive). The number of children with G.lamblia increased between the ages of 7–9 and 10–12 years (p &lt; 0.05, χ2 = 5.236, z = 1.899) and decreased in the age of 13–16 years (p &lt; 0.05, χ2 = 7.144, z = 2.567). Patients with giardiasis complained of irritability (p &lt; 0.05), headache, dizziness, restless sleep, heart pain, and they were more likely to show signs of intoxication and skin syndromes. Children of group I were most often diagnosed with corpus gastritis (p &lt; 0.05), antral gastritis (p &lt; 0.05) or pangastritis (p &lt; 0.05) with focal hyperplasia (p &lt; 0.05), and children of group II — with mainly antral gastritis, as well as severe duodenitis (p &lt; 0.05). A characteristic endoscopic feature in children of group II was follicular duodenitis. Inflammatory process in group II significantly more often (p &lt; 0.05) was severe (81.5 %) and active (77.6 %) and was associated with eosinophilic infiltration (51.3 %), microerosions and foci of lymphoid tissue hyperplasia (6.5 %). Conclusions. The clinical course of СGD associated with H.pylori in combination with G.lamblia is characterized by more pronounced dyspeptic symptoms with signs of intoxication and skin syndromes. According to the results of endoscopic examination, patients suffered from СGD associated with H.pylori infection had esophagitis, corpus gastritis, antral gastritis and pangastritis (p &lt; 0.05) significantly more often. Children with G.lamblia invasion had severe follicular duodenitis (p &lt; 0.05).

Traumatic brain injury, antisocial personality disorder and alcohol

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause changes in the personality and behaviors. History of TBI has been associated with violent behavior and substance abuse.ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case of a patient with antisocial personality traits who suffered a TBI and abuses alcohol.MethodsWe conducted a bibliographic review by searching for articles published the last 5 years in PubmedResultsWe present the case of a 48-year-old male patient with a history of myoclonic epilepsy, who suffered a TBI in a car crash. During his stay at ICU antisocial and borderline personality traits were found. When he came to consultations, he presented signs of alcohol intoxication (verbiage with hasty and dysarthric speech, and psychomotor incoordination). He acknowledges daily alcohol intake, although he minimizes it. During the interview he is irritable, prone to anger when contradicted and boasts of episodes of heteroaggressiveness and violence that he has carried out in the past. He reports morning sickness and tremors, but does not accept that they may be due to alcohol withdrawal. There is no motivation for change.ConclusionsIt has been determined that history of TBI is more frequent in individuals with antisocial personality. TBI has been linked to violent behaviors, poor inhibitory control, engaging in illegal acts and higher rates of substance abuse. However, the causal relationship between antisocial behavior and TBI has yet to be clarified, as the available evidence does not show which comes first. More research is needed in the future that takes into account the temporal sequence of events.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Hypoglycemic, Antihyperglycemic, and Toxic Effects of Physalis peruviana L. Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats.

BackgroundPhysalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine systems to manage various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, which remains a global health problem in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to scientifically evaluate its antidiabetic bioactivity and short-term toxicity in rats.MethodsWe prepared various doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts for the antidiabetic study, and a dose of 2000 mg/Kg was prepared for the acute toxicity test. The first group that evaluated the hypoglycemic effect consisted of forty normoglycemic Wistar rats aged 7–8 months old with a weighted average of 265.8 ± 24.6 g. The second group consisted of intraperitoneal glucose-loaded male animals to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect. The third group contained two groups of normoglycemic female rats (n = 3), aged 3 and 4 months old (weight average: 187.45 ± 14.82 g), treated for 14 days with aqueous and methanolic extracts (2 g/kg b.w) to assess mortality and toxic effects. Blood samples were taken at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-treatment in hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic evaluations. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The control animals in each group did not receive the extracts.ResultsIn hypoglycemic rats, 100 mg/kg of aqueous and methanolic extracts significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose level by 13.92% (p < 0.0001) and 21.95% (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to the control group. In glucose tolerance test group, methanolic extracts significantly reduced hyperglycemia by 54.55% (p < 0.0001), 46.50% (p < 0.0001), 39.78% (p < 0.0001) at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg b.w, respectively, compared to control; aqueous extract 400 mg/kg reduced hyperglycemia by 39.44% (p < 0.05). At the 2000 mg/kg dose, leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts did not show any signs of intoxication and mortality.ConclusionCrude aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of P. peruviana ambrosioides appeared safe at 2000 mg/kg and have bioactivity in controlling the blood glucose levels, supporting their use in treating diabetes.

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Development of Dihydroquercetin-based Oral tablets and Evalution of the General Toxic Effect

Toxicological responses to sublethal anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in free-flying hawks.

An important component of assessing the hazards of anticoagulant rodenticides to non-target wildlife is observations in exposed free-ranging individuals. The objective of this study was to determine whether environmentally realistic, sublethal first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (FGAR) exposures via prey can result in direct or indirect adverse effects to free-flying raptors. We offered black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) that had fed on Rozol® Prairie Dog Bait (Rozol, 0.005% active ingredient chlorophacinone, CPN) to six wild-caught red-tailed hawks (RTHA, Buteo jamaicensis), and also offered black-tailed prairie dogs that were not exposed to Rozol to another two wild-caught RTHAs for 7days. On day 6, blood was collected to determine CPN's effects on blood clotting time. On day 7, seven of the eight RTHAs were fitted with VHF radio telemetry transmitters and the RTHAs were released the following day and were monitored for 33days. Prothrombin time (PT) and Russell's viper venom time confirmed that the CPN-exposed RTHAs were exposed to and were adversely affected by CPN. Four of the six CPN-exposed RTHAs exhibited ptiloerection, an indication of thermoregulatory dysfunction due to CPN toxicity, but no signs of intoxication were observed in the reference hawk or the remaining two CPN-exposed RTHAs. Of note is that PT values were associated with ptiloerection duration and frequency; therefore, sublethal CPN exposure can directly or indirectly evoke adverse effects in wild birds. Although our sample sizes were small, this study is a first to relate coagulation times to adverse clinical signs in free-ranging birds.