Toxicological Profile of the Stem Bark Extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms (Fabaceae)

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the methanolic extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis stem bark, a plant traditionally used against female fertility problems. Acute toxicity was evaluated in rats by sequential administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of body weight of extract according to the method described by protocol 425 of the Organization for Cooperation and economic development. Subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The weight evolution and the signs of toxicity were observed, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the blood of the animals were collected and analysed. The administration of the extract at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg caused no death and no toxic signs. The weight evolution, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the surviving rats were analysed and compared with those of the controls. Acute oral toxicity data determined that the LD50 of the extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Repeated dose administration did not cause any deaths or significant changes in haematological parameters. Some signs of intoxication were however noted and certain biochemical parameters analysed in the rats showed statistically significant differences compared to the controls. A decrease in creatinine was observed on the renal level, an increase in transaminases and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase on the hepatic level. An increase in total proteins at 100 and 200 mg/kg and triglycerides at 100 mg/kg were observed and also a significant drop in LDL-cholesterol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. This study shows that the stem barks of C. gabunensis would be moderately toxic in repeated oral administration, additional studies should be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the tissues of the different organs.