Behavioral Signs Research Articles

Kleine Levin Syndrome: An Overall Literature Review with Case Studies

The rare condition known as Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) primarily affects teenagers. Extreme somnolence is interspersed with behavioral signs, psychomental abnormalities, and megaphagia. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is unknown, although its prevalence worldwide varies between 1 and 5 cases per million people, with a predisposition for males, primarily during puberty. Relapsing-remitting periods of severe hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, apathy, derealization, and behavioral and mental health issues are the hallmarks of Kleine-Levin syndrome. It affects boys more often than it does females. The misdiagnosis and treatment of KLS as another sleep problem, neurological illness, or mental issue often understates its incidence. Males are more likely than females to have KLS, and it is more frequent during puberty than at later ages. The diagnosis of KLS is difficult since there are presently no clear imaging testing results or established biomarkers. Even though KLS is difficult, some people recover completely; however, there may be long-term psychological and cognitive repercussions. This page discusses the disorder's symptoms, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, course of treatment, and a few case stories. This literature review highlights key findings from the case studies presented in the manuscript, which are useful for diagnosis and treatment.

Escitalopram reverses anxiety-like and despair behavior and affects endocannabinoid-related genes expression in the brain of adolescent male rats subjected to early life stress.

Due to the increasing prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in youth, a growing interest in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a potential alternative target point for treatment arised. This study aimed to investigate whether chronic administration of escitalopram reverses behavioral changes induced by maternal separation in male adolescent Wistar rats and explore the corresponding neurochemical changes in the ECS. The pups were separated from their dams for 360min daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 until PND 15. Later, male rats were administered escitalopram (10mg/kg i.p.) during their adolescent period (PND 35 - PND 55). Behavioral assessments were conducted in late adolescence (PND 54 - PND 57) in one group, and brain structures were dissected for biochemical analysis in the subsequent group of rats on PND 56. Expression of genes encoding: CB1 receptor, enzyme that catalyzes synthesis (NAPE-PLD) and degradation (FAAH) of anandamide (a full agonist of CB1 receptor) was evaluated using qRT-PCR. The corresponding protein levels were estimated via Western blot analysis. Our study revealed that maternal separation induced anxiety and despair-like behavior in adolescent rats. Escitalopram reversed anxiety-like behavior and attenuated signs of despair behavior. The escitalopram administration has been followed by a decrease in the studied genes expression in the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampus, what might suggest that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the mechanism of its action in adolescents. However Western blot analysis did not indicate significant alterations in the protein levels, so more detailed studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.

Maternal diet and vulnerability to cognitive impairment in adulthood: possible link with Alzheimer's disease?

Aging is the main risk factor for developing cognitive impairments and associated neurodegenerative diseases. However environmental factors, including nutritional health, are likely to promote or reduce cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative pathologies. An intricate relationship exists between maternal nutrition; and adult eating behavior, metabolic phenotype and cognitive abilities. The objective of the present review was to collect available data suggesting a link between maternal overnutrition and latter impairment of cognitive functions in the progeny, and to related this relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, cognitive impairments are major behavioral signs of AD. We first reviewed studies showing an association between unbalanced maternal diet and cognitive impairments in the progeny in humans and rodent models. Then we looked for cellular and molecular hallmarks which could constitute a breeding ground for AD in those models. With this end, we focused on synaptic dysfunction, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and pathological protein aggregation. Finally, we proposed an indirect mechanism linking maternal unbalanced diet and progeny's vulnerability to cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration through promoting metabolic diseases. We also discussed the involvement of progeny's gut microbiota in the maternal diet-induced vulnerability to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Further investigations are needed to fully decipher how maternal diet programs the fetus and infant brain. Addressing this knowledge gap would pave the way to precise nutrition and personalized medicine to better handle cognitive impairments in adulthood.

Measurement Invariance of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) Across Age and Sex for Early Detection of Autism in a Community Sample of Infants.

The use of parent-report screeners for early detection of autism is time- and cost-efficient in clinical settings but their utility may vary by respondent characteristics. This study aimed to examine the degree to which infants' age and sex impacted parental reports of early behavioral signs of autism captured by the First Years Inventory Version 3.1 (FYIv3.1). The current sample included 6,454 caregivers of infants aged 6 to 16 months recruited through the North Carolina vital records. Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis for each of the seven FYIv3.1, we identified differential item functioning in small to medium effect sizes across 18 out of 69 items, with the majority of biases associated with infants' age (e.g., object mouthing, walking, pretend, and imitation), while sex-related biases were minimal. This indicates that differential scoring algorithms by infants' age and more closely spaced monitoring may be needed for these constructs for more accurate identification of autism in infancy.

Fuzzy-based driver monitoring system

This paper presents an all-around approach to enhancing road safety through a fuzzy driver tracking system integrated with VANET technology, IoT devices, and hardware wristbands. The increasing prevalence of road accidents is caused by factors such as driver fatigue, health disorders, or inattention to this system, which effectively detects and responds to such situations and provides real-time solutions. It comes with advanced sensors The hardware wristband continuously monitors the driver's pulse, like heart rate. Body temperature and movement Patterns for identifying signs of sleepiness abnormal health parameters or erratic behavior are processed using fuzzy logic algorithms. The in-car software interface gets real-time information from the wristband, processes it, and unlocks several safety protocols, which include visual notifications, buzzing alerts, and communication with other vehicles through VANET technology. The system also logs highly detailed records of incidents it detects, which will be analyzed later for long-term behavioral profiling. It will leverage the power of IoT-enabled cloud storage to optimize data management and analysis, thus fostering continuous improvement in traffic safety protocols. The integration of fuzzy logic ensures accurate and context-sensitive decision-making, addressing uncertainties inherent in dynamic driving environments. Meanwhile, the utilization of VANET enables seamless communication between vehicles, enhancing collective road safety. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the system's architecture, design principles, algorithms, implementation strategies, and expected outcomes. It has several aspects, thereby changing the face of drivers' safety through reduced accidents, faster response mechanisms to accidents at a given time, and thus a safer ecosystem of transport for all other road users. This system represents a crucial step forward in intelligent transportation technologies. Combining the features of real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and robust communication networks, the solution not only mitigates short-term risks but also works toward long-term safety improvement. The modular design adapts to different vehicle types and driving environments, making this a scalable solution for widespread adoption. This paper outlines the capacity of the system to transform traditional road safety mechanisms into proactive and intelligent ones. Index Terms—Internet of Things (IoT), secrecy enhancing, smart cities, space shift keying (SSK).

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Atogepant in Healthy Japanese and White Adults.

Atogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults in the USA, EU, and several other countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and dose proportionality of atogepant in healthy Japanese participants, evaluate the safety and tolerability of atogepant in Japanese participants, and explore the differences in the PK and safety of atogepant in Japanese vs white participants. A total of 50 participants (40 Japanese and 10 white) were enrolled into five cohorts; Japanese cohorts were randomized in a 4:1 ratio to atogepant (10mg, 30mg, or 60mg daily dosing and 60mg twice daily) or placebo. The white participants were randomized to atogepant (60mg twice daily) or placebo. Doses were administered on day 1 and days 3-8, with those on days 1 and 8 administered after an overnight fast. In Japanese participants, atogepant exposure increased with dose, and there was no accumulation with once-daily dosing and minimal (~ 20%) accumulation with twice-daily dosing. Atogepant steady-state exposure appeared to be marginally lower in Japanese participants compared with white participants and was well tolerated. There were no treatment-related adverse events, serious adverse events, clinically significant changes in vital signs, or signs of suicidal ideation or behaviors. Atogepant exposure increased with dose in healthy Japanese participants and was well tolerated within the dose range tested.

Characterising a New Sheep Model of Parkinson's Disease Using Unilateral Intracerebral Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine Into the Substantia Nigra.

New therapeutic agents developed for treating neurological disorders are often tested successfully on rodents. Testing in an appropriate large animal model where there is longer lifespan and comparable brain size to humans should improve translational success and is frequently expected by regulatory bodies. In this project, we aimed to establish a novel sheep model of Parkinson's disease as a large-brained experimental model for translational research. Our objective was to create a sheep model of Parkinson's disease by unilaterally infusing the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra pars compacta. This approach, previously used to induce parkinsonism in rat and non-human primate models, causes dopaminergic imbalance and induces rotational behaviour in quadrupeds challenged with dopaminergic receptor agonists. In the present sheep study, the mixed dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, 0.25 mg/kg, and dopamine D2 agonist ropinirole, 0.16 mg/kg, were used to induce rotational behaviour and confirm dopamine depletion. Behavioural signs were then measured and characterised in the field using automated movement tracking with simultaneous video recordings. Post-mortem, the extent of the 6-hydroxydopamine lesions was evaluated through tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and quantifying levels of catecholamines (dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanilic acid) quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our new sheep model of Parkinson's disease using 6-hydroxydopamine is safe and offers a number of regulatory, ethical and financial advantages over non-human primate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine models. It provides a platform to evaluate novel antiparkinsonian agents and medical devices in a large brain with the promise of greater success for translation into clinical application.

Enhancing Malware Detection through Electromagnetic Side-Channel Analysis Using Random Forest Classifier

The continual increase of cyber dangers necessitates creative techniques to better the identification and mitigation of malware. This research provides a cutting-edge examination of employing the Random Forest Classifier in combination with electromagnetic side-channel analysis for finding malicious software. Electromagnetic side-channel analysis harnesses the accidental information leakage from electronic systems, giving it a formidable tool for studying the underlying workings of gadgets. This study reveals how these electromagnetic side-channel signals may be used to identify subtle and evasive malware activities. The paper goes into the theoretical basis of electromagnetic side-channel analysis and the actual application of the Random Forest Classifier in this setting. By analyzing electromagnetic emissions, a wide range of devices and systems can be scrutinized for the telltale signs of malware-induced behaviors. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, showcasing the model demonstrated high accuracy, with an accuracy rate of up to 97%, demonstrating its ability to effectively leverage electromagnetic side-channel information for malicious program detection for enhanced cybersecurity measures.

Factors associated with true-positive and false-positive diagnoses of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia in 100 consecutive referrals from specialist physicians.

The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a challenging diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms with psychiatric and other neurological conditions. Accordingly, misdiagnosis is common. The present study aimed to identify clinical factors contributing to misdiagnoses of bvFTD by specialist physicians. We retrospectively analysed 100 consecutive referrals by specialist physicians (primarily psychiatrists, neurologists and geriatricians) to a tertiary cognitive disorders clinic specializing in frontotemporal lobar degenerative disorders. Patients were included if the referring specialist suspected bvFTD or if bvFTD was confirmed as the final diagnosis. Diagnostic factors were assessed by comparing the initial referral information with final clinical diagnoses. Of the 100 patients, 34 were true-positive and 66 were false-positive for bvFTD. False-positive diagnoses were often based on misinterpretation of neuroimaging, particularly nuclear imaging (FDG-PET and HMPAO-SPECT), where subjective interpretation errors led to incorrect bvFTD diagnoses in 32 patients. Cognitive testing also contributed to misdiagnosis, with formal neuropsychological testing incorrectly leading to a bvFTD diagnosis in 20 patients. Patients with prior psychiatric histories were more likely to be misdiagnosed. Observable behavioural features of bvFTD and physical neurological signs were significantly more prevalent in true-positive patients. Misinterpretation of neuroimaging and cognitive testing, in particular formal neuropsychological testing, significantly contributed to false-positive bvFTD diagnoses. Physicians should be cautious not to over-interpret neuroimaging and neuropsychology studies and be wary of patients with prior psychiatric histories. In contrast, greater weight should be placed on objective clinical observations of behavioural signs of bvFTD and the emergence of physical neurological signs.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Novel Derivatives of Aziridine

Diabetes mellitus is a significant metabolic disorder. The present research was based on the evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of novel derivatives of aziridine. Albino rats (either sex) weighing 130–150g were provided by Animal House, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Unnao. They were housed in healthy conditions, with a 12-hour light/dark cycle and a room temperature of 25°C. The acute toxicity (dose regimen) test of the synthesized aziridine derivatives was determined using Lorke’s method (1983). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection (a volume of 1ml/kg) of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (20mg/kg body weight). All the mice were divided into 5 groups (n=6) and treated for 21 days i.e., group 1 given normal saline; group 2 given alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.); group 3 given alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.) + glibenclamide (10mg/kg); group 4 given alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.) + aziridine derivatives [A1] (50mg/kg, p. o.) and group 5 given alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.) + synthesized aziridine derivatives [A4] (100mg/kg, p. o.). Antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects were evaluated using DPPH Scavenging capacity, total antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, body weight and blood glucose level in OGTT. In results, in phase I and phase II, all the animals were found safe with no behavioural signs at all the dose levels. No mortality was seen in any animal. After 120 min, Alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.) + aziridine derivative- A1 (50mg/kg, p. o.) and Alloxan (20mg/kg, p. o.) + aziridine derivative- A4 (50mg/kg, p. o.) treated mice showed blood glucose level as 137.12±0.38mg/dl and 134.36±0.29mg/dl, respectively. The inhibition rate was observed in dose-dependent manner. It concluded that aziridine derivatives A1 and A4 were demonstrated as significant antioxidant potential in DPPH scavenging assay and total antioxidant activity. When observed in animal study, A1 and A4 exhibited the hypoglycaemic action by lowering the blood glucose level and body weight of the mice. It suggests that aziridine derivatives (A1 and A4) are promising moieties which might be utilized in the management of oxidation and associated diabetes mellitus.

Assessment and Management of a Gifted Child Presenting Mental Distress and Disruptive Behaviors: Clinical Report.

This article aims to report on the clinical care of a gifted child in the context of Health and Education. The child showed signs of emotional distress and disruptive behaviors, which were related to the school context. Based on the assessment that revealed this child was gifted, his acceleration by one school year was recommended, which in turn resulted in complete remission of symptoms. This experience exemplifies the importance of identifying giftedness in childhood as a guide for appropriate conduct, both in cultivating the good development of the child's skills and in promoting their emotional well-being.

Associations Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke: Clinical Studies of NA‐831 for AD and NA‐911 for Stroke

AbstractBackgroundNA‐831 is a candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). NA‐911 is an analog of NA‐831, serving as an IGF‐1 and GLP‐1 agonists. Animal studies of NA‐911 are evaluated for the treatment of by hypoxic‐ischemic injury, hemorrhagic stroke, and chronic neurodegenerative disordersMethodFor NA‐831: A randomized clinical trial of NA‐831 was performed in 112 participants with mild and moderate AD, half received the drugs and half received placebo. The patients with MCI received 10 mg of NA‐831 or placebo orally per day. The patients with mild and moderate AD received 30 mg of NA‐831 or placebo orally per day. Subjects with MCI to meet the NIA‐AA core clinical criteria, CDR score of 0.5 and a Memory Box score of 0.5 or greater at Screening and Baseline. MMSE score ≥22. Subjects with mild & moderate AD to meet the NIA‐AA core clinical criteria. MMSE: 17‐21.For NA‐911: We conducted animal studies of NA‐911 on adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats using the middle coronary artery occlusion (MCAO) method. This method is designed to mimic neurological and behavioral signs and symptoms of stroke in humans. Details of the animal study method will be described.ResultsNA‐831 showed a significant improvement for patients with mild and moderate AD with the ADAS‐Cog‐13 score change of an average of 4.1 as compared to the placebo after 24 weeks of treatment (p = 0.001; ITT). CIBIC‐Plus showed 78% patients improved (p = 0.01; ITT). mNA‐831 was well‐tolerated at 30 mg/day.In the animal study of NA‐911, the area of infarct in animals treated with vehicle was 43.4±7.4 mm2 (n = 13, Treatment with NA‐911 (3 mg/kg/h) significantly reduced the area of the infarct to 17.3 ±5.4 mm2 when compared to its vehicle treated group (n = 15, * P<0.05). It has been shown that progenitor cells residing in the SVZ are potentially able to replace the loss of nervous tissue after stroke.ConclusionAn association of Alzheimer’s disease and stroke has been suggested with clinical studies of NA‐831 and NA‐911. However, whether this association is causal requires further evaluation.

Biochemical changes precede affective and cognitive anomalies in aging adult C57BL/6J mice with a prior history of adolescent alcohol binge-drinking.

The early initiation of binge-drinking and biological sex are critical risk factors for the development of affective disturbances and cognitive decline, as well as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Further, a history of excessive alcohol consumption alters normal age-related changes in the pattern of protein expression in the brain, which may relate to an acceleration of cognitive decline. Here, we aimed to disentangle the interrelation between a history of binge-drinking during adolescence, biological sex and normal aging on the manifestation of negative affect, cognitive decline and associated biochemical pathology. To this end, adolescent male and female C57BL/6J mice (PND 28-29) underwent 30 days of alcohol binge-drinking using a modified drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigm. Then, mice were assayed for negative affect, sensorimotor gating and cognition at three developmental stages during adulthood-mature adulthood (6months), pre-middle age (9months) and middle age (12 months). Behavioural testing was then followed by immunoblotting to index the protein expression of glutamate receptors, neuropathological markers [Tau, p (Thr217)-Tau, p (Ser396)-Tau, BACE, APP, Aβ], as well as ERK activation within the entorhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Across this age span, we detected only a few age-related changes in our measures of negative affect or spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze and all of these changes were sex-specific. Prior adolescent binge-drinking impaired behaviour only during reversal learning in 9-month-old females and during radial arm maze testing in 12-month-old females. In contrast to behaviour, we detected a large number of protein changes related to prior binge-drinking history, several of which manifested as early as 6months of age, with the prefrontal cortex particularly affected at this earlier age. While 6-month-old mice exhibited relatively few alcohol-related protein changes within the entorhinal cortex and amygdala, the number of alcohol-related protein changes within the entorhinal cortex increased with age, while the 12-month-old mice exhibited the largest number of protein changes within the amygdala. Approximately a third of the alcohol-related protein changes were sex-selective. Taken together, the results of our longitudinal study using a murine model of binge-drinking indicate that a prior history of heavy alcohol consumption, beginning in adolescence, is sufficient to induce what we presume to be latent changes in protein indices of cellular activity, glutamate transmission and neuropathology within key brain regions governing cognition, executive function and emotion that appear to precede the onset of robust behavioural signs of dysregulated affect and cognitive impairment.

Suppression of neurons in circumventricular organs enables months-long survival without water in thirteen-lined ground squirrels.

Water deprivation is a life-threatening condition that engages a protective physiological response to couple osmolyte retention with potentiation of thirst. This response, typical for most mammals, safeguards against short-term water deprivation but fails in the long term. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) use the short-term response during summer, whereas during winter, they lack thirst and survive without water for months. In this work, we show that long-term thirst suppression occurs despite hormonal and behavioral signs of a substantial fluid deficit and originates from hypoactivity of neurons in the circumventricular organs, which exhibit marked functional suppression during winter that blunts their sensitivity to thirst cues. Our work reveals a notable capacity of the evolutionarily conserved brain regions that control fluid homeostasis in mammals to enable long-term survival without water.

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Compression Wraps as an Anxiolytic in Domesticated Dogs.

Many domesticated dogs show signs of anxiety, negatively impacting their own and their owner's mental and physical health. A systematic review evaluating whether pressure wraps decrease clinical signs of anxiety in dogs was completed to identify relevant studies. The main outcomes of interest included behavioral and physiological measures. A total of 229 studies were identified, of which four met the inclusion criteria. Commercially available pressure wraps and a telemetry vest were used in the reviewed studies. Three experimental studies included brief exposure to recorded firecracker or thunderstorm sounds or separation from their owner as anxiety-invoking stimuli. A non-experimental study evaluated the use of pressure wraps for dogs with thunderstorm phobia living in their home environment exposed to naturally occurring thunderstorms. The risk of bias in domains related to the blinding of investigators or study participants was generally high. Domains with moderate risk of bias often reflected incomplete reporting of research methods and imprecision due to small sample sizes. Most studies reported minimal benefits on behavior or heart rate in the absence of adverse side effects. Our review suggests there is weak and limited evidence to support the beneficial effect of pressure wraps in reducing physiological or behavioral signs of anxiety. Confidence in the available literature is low due to the moderate-to-high risks of bias and inconsistent findings. Further studies are needed regarding the efficacy of these products.

Dolphin Health Classifications from Whistle Features

Bottlenose dolphins often conceal behavioral signs of illness until they reach an advanced stage. Motivated by the efficacy of vocal biomarkers in human health diagnostics, we utilized supervised machine learning methods to assess various model architectures’ effectiveness in classifying dolphin health status from the acoustic features of their whistles. A gradient boosting classifier achieved a 72.3% accuracy in distinguishing between normal and abnormal health states—a significant improvement over chance (permutation test; 1000 iterations, p < 0.001). The model was trained on 30,693 whistles from 15 dolphins and the test set (15%) totaled 3612 ‘normal’ and 1775 ‘abnormal’ whistles. The classifier identified the health status of the dolphin from the whistles features with 72.3% accuracy, 73.2% recall, 56.1% precision, and a 63.5% F1 score. These findings suggest the encoding of internal health information within dolphin whistle features, with indications that the severity of illness correlates with classification accuracy, notably in its success for identifying ‘critical’ cases (94.2%). The successful development of this diagnostic tool holds promise for furnishing a passive, non-invasive, and cost-effective means for early disease detection in bottlenose dolphins.

Cultural Spanish adaptation, factor structure, and reliability of implementation science instruments for suicide prevention.

Research on the implementation of community gatekeeper training interventions for suicide prevention in Spanish-speaking countries is limited. Gatekeepers identify warning signs of suicidal behavior in at-risk population and refer them to specialized mental health care. To identify factors that influence the implementation of evidence-based practices, standardized measures are needed in Spanish. We culturally adapted and evaluated the factor structure and reliability of two measures for use in the Mexican population: the final version of Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of the Intervention (Weiner et al., 2017), and the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC; Shea et al., 2014). Our study consisted of two consecutive phases. The first addressed the cross-cultural adaptation. In the second phase, we administered an online survey to a nonrandom sample of 453 middle school personnel and performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Participants were 73.95% female, 25.17% male, and 0.88% nonbinary/other and came from the 32 Mexican states. CFA indices for the Mexican Spanish version of the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility measure yielded values of comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.96, Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI) = 0.94, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, and standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) = 0.03. Internal consistency was Ω = 0.95. CFA indices of the Mexican Spanish version of the ORIC were CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.08, and SRMR = 0.03, and internal consistency was Ω = 0.94. We conclude that both instruments show preliminary psychometric properties that support their validity and reliability in the Mexican Spanish-speaking context. These findings promise to drive research on the implementation of gatekeeper interventions and other evidence-based practices in Spanish-speaking school settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Effects of a Cyperus esculentus L. plant-based beverage on FVB/n female mice

This work evaluated the effects of the consumption of a plant-based beverage (Cyperus esculentus L., Adansonia digitata L., and thermal water) on the physiological parameters of mice over a 28-day period. Thirty-two female FVB/n mice (n = 8) were randomly assigned to one of four groups divided into two experimental protocols: Group 1 drank water and Group 2 drank a plant-based beverage for 24 h; in the second experimental protocol, Group 3 consumed water and Group 4 consumed plant-based beverage for a limited time (4 h). Two experimental protocols were conducted to assess whether the exposure time to the beverage affects the animals' physiological parameters, to determine if there is a possible daily limit for consumption of the product and to analyze their adverse effects. The mice consuming a beverage ingested a larger amount of drink and a smaller amount of food. Histologically there are no pathological changes in collected organs. The consumption of a plant-based beverage has been shown to have a positive effect on oxidative markers and can have a diuretic action. According to results, no behavioral changes or clinical signs of disease were observed throughout both experimental protocols, and no mortality was recorded.

Представления сотрудников полиции о взаимодействии с суицидентами

Currently, the problem of suicide prevention is not losing its relevance. In many countries of the world, there remains a need to take measures to prevent suicide, provide access to quality psychological help and create a supportive environment for people. The purpose of this article is to analyze the perception of police officers about interaction with suicides and offer practical recommendations for organizing effective communication between police officers and suicides. The subject of the study is the perception of police officers about the peculiarities of behavior when interacting with suicides. The study involved 41 respondents aged 19 to 37 years. It should also be noted that police officers have an idea of the basic rules of behavior with citizens prone to suicide. It was revealed that police officers have a general idea of the behavioral characteristics of individuals showing signs of suicidal behavior, and the awareness of officers of the general rules of behavior with suicides is noted. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly expand knowledge, improve the skills of interaction of police officers with potential suicides.

Investigation of Ductility and Damage Behavior of C/GFRP Composite Laminates under Bending Loads

Carbon and glass fabric reinforced polymer (C/GFRP) composites are extensively used in aerospace and sports industry because of their exceptional properties. However, during service, static and dynamic bending loads can ensue damage in composites affecting their strength, stiffness and energy absorption. Carbon fiber composites, being inherently brittle, are prone to sudden catastrophic fracture without ductile-like behavior of metals. This study investigates mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of woven C/GFRP composites in on- and off-axis orientations during bending. Initially, bending tests with quasi-static loading were performed, followed by dynamic ones using an Izod impact testing apparatus. Results showed distinct behavior in on-axis CFRP laminates with brittle fracture. Off-axis CFRP samples and both on- and off-axis GFRP laminates showed signs of damage and non-linear behavior, yet they retained their ability to bear loads. Significantly, off-axis specimens of both types and on-axis GFRP laminates exhibited enhanced energy absorption capabilities without experiencing fracture, undergoing pseudo-ductile deformation. CFRP specimens were analyzed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), provided insights into prevalent damage modes such as matrix mircocracking, debonding of tows, delamination and breakage of fabric. While on-axis CFRP laminates experienced brittle fracture, off-axis specimens exhibited a ductile-like response attributed to matrix plasticity, cracking and fiber trellising before eventual failure.