Signs Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Evaluation of a Community Intervention to Reduce Harmful Alcohol Consumption among Adult Population: A Study Protocol.

Harmful alcohol consumption is shaped by a complex range of structural, social, and individual determinants that interact with inequality axes, which can be addressed at the community level. Under the framework of Barcelona Health in the Neighborhoods, which is a community strategy to reduce health inequalities in Barcelona’s most deprived neighborhoods, a community steering group will co-design a multicomponent community intervention. Aims: to assess its effects on: (1) alcohol accessibility, availability, and consumption at the environmental level, and (2) psychosocial and cognitive determinants of harmful alcohol consumption at the individual level. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with a comparison group, and pre- and post-intervention measures. Three Barcelona neighborhoods will be assigned to the intervention or comparison group based on three criteria: healthcare data on alcohol use, socioeconomic characteristics, and population size. The intervention includes activities promoting community mobilization, law enforcement, and communication campaigns in the intervened neighborhoods. Non-participant observations in standardized census sections will be performed in public spaces to collect information on three outcomes: alcohol accessibility, availability, and signs of alcohol consumption. Data collection includes a survey to a sample of 622 subjects to detect differences on these outcomes: risk awareness, knowledge, and self-efficacy about harmful alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. Discussion: This protocol to assess the effects of a multicomponent community intervention on harmful alcohol consumption at the environmental and population level will provide evidence on effective community health interventions and enable informed decisions for policy makers. This protocol could also be used as an implementation guide for studies aimed at reducing harmful drinking in cities with similar characteristics.

Availability, Promotion, and Signs of Alcohol Consumption: A Mixed Methods Study of Perceived Exposure and Objective Measures.

This study describes the alcohol environment comparing residents’ perceptions and objective measures in two different income-level districts. Measures were gathered between 2017 and 2018 in two districts with different income levels in Madrid, Spain. We obtained perceived measures using Photovoice. We procured objective measures through social systematic observation. Data were integrated using triangulation. Perceived and objective measures of the alcohol environment were characterized and compared in terms of alcohol availability, alcohol promotion, and signs of alcohol consumption. The integration was classified as agreement, partial agreement, or dissonance. The results related to alcohol availability and signs of its consumption showed high agreement. Availability was high in both areas, which was recognized by residents. Residents of the high-income district (HID) discussed fewer signs of alcohol consumption, whilst those in the low-income district (LID) reported extensive signs of consumption. Such observations agreed with the objective measures. There were dissonances between the approaches for alcohol promotion. Although the alcohol promotion was higher in HID according to the objective measures, it was deeply discussed by LID residents. Both methodologies helped us deepen the understanding of the alcohol environment. These results may help design more effective interventions to prevent hazardous drinking.

Factors Associated With the Complexity of Facial Trauma.

Facial fractures have their incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, and features influenced by variables such as economic, cultural, and demographic factors. A large number of these fractures require simple or more complex approaches, and it becomes important to understand their clinical and epidemiological profile and factors associated with the fracture event and surgical indication. The objective of this research is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of surgical fractures and their associations with causal factors such as alcohol consumption, day of the incident, and nonuse of helmet for motorcycle accidents. A retrospective study was conducted with collection of data from medical records of patients operated for facial fractures at the Hospital Regional of Cariri, state of Ceara, the Northeast of Brazil. Records from 2012 to 2014 were acquired highlighting sex, age, occupation, etiology, anatomical sites of fractures, and surgeries of varying complexities for single or multiple fractures. The day of the event, report or signs of alcohol consumption, and the use of helmets in motorcycle accidents were named associated factors. As a result the authors had a total of 624 cases of surgical facial fractures. Out of these, 546 (87.5%) were male and the majority of them presented between 20 and 30 years of age (40.5%). It was also observed that as an etiological factor motorcycle accidents led to more cases of surgical facial fractures, with 357 cases (62.1%), followed by physical aggression with 72 cases (12.5%). It can be concluded that there is a high prevalence of surgical facial fractures in male patients between 20 and 30 years of age, caused by motorcycle accidents, and that there was a strong association between the consumption of alcohol, failure to wear a helmet, and the presence of surgical facial multiple fractures.

Alcohol in the city: wherever and whenever

Alcohol urban environment has been associated with individual alcohol behaviors. We are constantly exposed to a wide variety of alcohol products, its marketing and promotion and signs of alcohol consumption that may influence alcohol-drinking behaviors. In this photo-essay, we include photographs that visually explain the exposure to alcohol in the urban streetscape of Madrid. These photographs show the pervasiveness of alcohol products in this city, which can be found everywhere at any time.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino vítimas de violência atendidas em um Serviço de Apoio à Mulher, Recife, Pernambuco

OBJETIVOS: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes um serviço determinando características biológicas e sócio-demográficas, tipos de violência, formas de intimidação, lesões, existência de gravidez e perfil dos agressores. MÉTODOS: estudo tipo corte transversal, de 170 prontuários das vítimas de violência de 0 a 19 anos atendidas no Serviço de Apoio à Mulher do Hospital Agamenom Magalhães em Recife, Pernambuco, de junho de 2001 a dezembro de 2002. RESULTADOS: a mediana de idade foi 16 anos. A maioria era parda e solteira. Cento e treze não concluíram o ensino fundamental e a renda familiar foi de até um salário mínimo (31,2%). A agressão sexual representou 64,7%, a principal região lesada foi a genital. Equimoses/hematomas corresponderam a 23,8% das lesões. Dezessete vítimas estavam grávidas à época da agressão. 31,7% dos agressores eram desconhecidos e utilizaram a força física (79,8%) como a principal forma de intimidação. Idade, renda e grau de escolaridade da maioria deles eram desconhecidos. Os agressores demonstravam sinais de consumo de álcool no momento da violência (34,2%). CONCLUSÕES: as vítimas eram pardas, de baixa escolaridade e baixo nível socioeconômico. Muitas sofreram lesões genitais. Seus agressores eram desconhecidos, utilizando força física para intimidação.