Significant Scientific Potential Research Articles

Traumatology and Orthopedics in the Focus of Intellectual Property

High incidence of injuries, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue leads to a high demand for modern high-tech materials in the area of orthopedics and traumatology. Development of russian materials is an extremely relevant issue, especially under conditions of restricted supply of foreign products to the Russian Federation. Creation of new products and their subsequent launch to the market require comprehensive protection of unique information about the design, composition or production/manufacturing technology of the product. Analysis of patenting domestic solutions for trauma and orthopedic surgery in the Russian Federation has shown that there are various risks associated with the commercialization of national products. For example, russian developers in a number of cases neglect patent protection of their developments, which puts successful developments at risk of unauthorized copying or claims from other market players. On the other hand, patenting strategy of domestic developers for their products in most cases contains a number of errors, such as narrow bounds of patent protection due to incorrectly drafted patent claims. For example, these can be in formulations that can be easily bypassed in case of commercial interest in the product, preferential patenting of technological processes, lack of comprehensive patent protection of the product. Such patenting errors make the development unattractive for investors and manufacturers, which leads to low commercializability of russian inventions. Thus, russian developers, who have significant scientific potential and competencies to create highly effective national products, do not proceed with technology transfer and cannot bring their promising and in-demand products to the market.

The dynamics of bioethical discussion in religious and philosophical doctrines about the living

The article presents a study of the formation and development of bioethical discourse based on the analysis of leading philosophical concepts, doctrines, and religious beliefs about the value of life in various manifestations of its being. The authors note that the beginning of axiological reflection on the problem of the living can be found in the works of ancient philosophers and the early Christian discourse as attempts to sacralise life. Moreover, the authors attribute a significant role in the development of bioethical discourse to the ethical doctrine of Kant and his opponents, representatives of the phenomenological direction of philosophical anthropology. Finally, the article notes that in modern conditions, bioethical discourse is concentrated around the axiological paradigm in the doctrine of the living. The various viewpoints are proposed to be grouped into two main approaches: the ethics of sacredness (sanctity) of life and the ethics of quality of life. These approaches have significant scientific potential, which allows for the development of bioethical doctrine, employing forming moral norms and imperatives of human behaviour, as well as establishing restrictions on human influence on the means and forms of existence of the living.

Twenty-four buried ice masses remotely mapped in Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Glacial ice contains information on paleoclimate, but typically is less than 1 Myrs old because glaciers continuously flow and melt. A recently discovered buried ice mass in Antarctica is dated to 3-5 Myrs and highlights the potential for long preservation of ancient ice under a layer of debris. Only two such ice masses are so far known in Antarctica. Given the significant scientific potential and lack of systematic mapping, we set out to locate all buried ice masses in Transantarctic Mountains (TAM). We visually analyzed >8,000 high-resolution satellite images covering much of the TAM. We searched for the polygonal patterned ground that signifies ice in the ground and once detected the corresponding digital elevation model was inspected for presence of a convex landform. When both features coincide, they indicate the presence of a buried ice body. We identified 22 new sites that are likely to conceal massive buried ice masses.

Scientific Laboratories of the Institute of Pediatrics: Achievements and Prospects

The review is devoted to the 100-year history of the Institute of Pediatrics, mainly there are analyzed the activities of scientific laboratories and departments, the peculiarities of their reorganization in various historical periods, the contribution of scientists to the development of domestic pediatric science and established patterns essential for the formation of the national system of child health care. The scientific achievements of the scientists of the Institute of Pediatrics were established to be noted by the Grants Committee under the President of the Russian Federation. On a competitive basis, the Institute of Pediatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is recognized as a leading scientific school, and its director, Academician M.Ya. Studenikin, as a the leader of the pediatric scientific school. Currently, the Institute of Pediatrics is the largest pediatric institution of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of Russia, has significant scientific potential, is able to ensure the children’s health care and create new generations of pediatricians on a modern scientific basis.

Use of climatic cold in scientific research

A review of scientific research data on the use of climatic cold carried out on the basis of institutes of the Federal research center «Yakut Scientific Center» Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science is presented, natural low temperatures being used both as testing conditions and as a tool for experimental studies. The results of full-scale hydraulic tests of pressure vessels and pipes under conditions of low climatic temperatures, and under internal pressure created due to the effect of ice formation in closed cavities are presented. The results made it possible to determine the limit states of large-diameter pipelines, simulate the stress-strain state of the pipeline in thawed, freezing and frozen soils, substantiate the extension of the lifetime of pressure vessels, develop a technology for their welding, and determine the allowable size of defects in welded joints. It is shown that climatic tests of polymer, composite, construction, welding and other classes of materials provide for estimation of their service life under the impact of climatic factors. An experimental study of the response of solids to multiple collisions with ice granules at low climatic temperatures has been carried out along with the study of the processes of brittle fracture of their surface with the formation of splintery particles. Study of the effect of fibrous fillers of natural origin on the strength properties of fresh-ice based composition material revealed that introduction of fillers increases the strength characteristics of fresh ice by 2 – 3 times. It is shown that climatic features and a significant scientific potential of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic provide for effective use of climatic cold as a tool for scientific research and solution of engineering problems in various sectors of the national economy.

Will mesoeconomics become a new direction in economic theory?

The article provides an overview of the mesoeconomic method of analysis of modern economy and assesses its scientific potential. Given the specifics of the mesoeconomic approach development, the author examines foreign and domestic ideas around it. Foreign literature uses three approaches to the problem, from the point of view of regional economy, institutional theory, and methodological approach. The article shows that Russian scientists, building on foreign authors’ ideas, have expanded the field of scientific mesoeconomics research, developing several directions separating from each other. Examining the reasons for interest in mesoeconomics and paying tribute to the achievements of Russian science in addressing the problem under consideration, the author explores whether mesoeconomics become a new direction of economic analysis in its current state. The article demonstrates that inclusion of different economic entities in mesoeconomics results in meso-space boundaries blurring and makes the object and subject of mesoeconomic research amorphous. While recognizing evolutionary approach as possible solution to the mesoeconomics’ problems, the author highlights its limitations. Given the need to expand the new phenomena analysis tools, the article concludes that mesoeconomics has significant scientific potential. It needs to determine the nature of entities forming the meso-space, as well as establish the reasons behind their emergence. The author sees the reason in the contradiction generated by modern hyper-competition: the need for continuous innovative leadership contradicts the inability to provide it alone; this is resolved through the emergence of a fundamentally new form of production —inter-production cooperation of specialized legally and economically independent firms.

ABSORPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH VARIOUS WAVELENGTH BY NANOPARTICLES

An aim of the article is to review the potential of nanotechnology in military for the development of stealth technologies. Methods. Analysis of information, synthesis, generalization and comparison. Results. An overview of nanoparticles use in the development of stealth technologies has been made. Foreign and Ukrainian publications were analyzed. The possibility of using nanoparticles of metals like iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese and other metals and composite nanomaterials for absorption, refraction and scattering of waves of different lengths and frequencies, which can be used in the development of coatings for military equipment to reduce visibility and counter targeting systems has been shown.
 The possibility of using nanoparticles of nonmetals to absorb infrared radiation, which is important for masking equipment, military facilities and personnel, has been highlighted.
 High-tech weapons, technical means of detection and guidance are constantly being modernized and improved. One of the most important conditions for tactical superiority over the enemy is camouflage and counteraction to these systems. One of the ways to increase the resistance to detection and guidance systems is the development of stealth technologies based on nanoparticles of metals and non-metals.
 In the long run, nanotechnology and stealth coating should ensure the invisibility of objects in a wide frequency band of electromagnetic waves, which can reach two to three orders of magnitude. These are ambitious tasks, however, they are real.
 Foreign and domestic scientists have proven the possibility of using nanoparticles of metals and composite materials to develop coatings with the ability to absorb electromagnetic waves in a wide range, which can be used in the development of coatings to counter radar stations and other detection systems.
 Given the significant scientific potential of Ukrainian scientists, presence of technologies needed for the synthesis of nanoparticles of metals and nonmetals of various shapes and sizes, based on previous research on the ability of nanoparticles to absorb waves of different lengths and frequencies, we see high prospects for stealth technologies for the Military Forces of Ukraine.

Science art as an impetus for the development of high-tech cities

Science Art over the past 20 years has become one of the most relevant and rapidly developing forms of contemporary art, it reveals the possibilities of innovative interdisciplinary projects in which an artist and designers work in collaboration with scientists, engineers and technologists, expanding the boundaries of the concept of “art”, on the one hand, and revealing the humanistic potential of the latest achievements of science, on the other.These processes also affect the urban environment. High-tech urban clusters, accumulating significant scientific potential, through the opening of science art laboratories, in which collaborative projects of researchers and artists are carried out, stimulate the clusters development, using the intuitive principles of art. This article analyzes the examples of a successfully functioning Ljudmila laboratory in Ljubljana, the International Synthetic Aesthetics project, the My Neighborhood social networking project, and describes the case of the restoration of a historic elm tree in Biscarrosse, France. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that cooperation between scientists and people of creative professions can turn out to be a significant vector for the development of not only science and art, but also social life in the cities where the practice of Science Art is used.

Project Management Risk Assessment Methodology in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The strategic management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which includes management decisions, is always associated with certain risks due to the high level of uncertainty in the internal and external environments. This totally applies to the decision-making process in project activities. At the same time, each alternative carries a greater or lesser risk of failure, wasted resources, effort and time. In this connection the article considers methodological issues of project management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine; a risk assessment model in the implementation of projects has been proposed and the risk impact on success probability of projects has been determined. The project management methodology depends on their scale, timing, location and conditions of implementation. But at all life cycle stages of any project, there will be problems associated with the presence of risks that will affect the project success negatively. One of the ways to reduce the risk in the project activities of organizations is to involve higher educational institutions, where significant scientific potential is concentrated. The article proposes the methodology for risk assessment of projects which are implemented in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine together with the departmental educational institution which is based on probabilistic-statistical modelling using expert assessment. Taking into account that the activities of each of the project participants are associated with their own group of risks, the article identifies four main groups of risk factors.

PROFESSOR PETR KAZIMIROVICH YABLONSKIY (to the 60th anniversary of the birth)

The article is dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding representative of the St. Petersburg medical school and thoracic surgery of the country, the talented scientist and teacher, doctor of medical sciences, professor Petr Kazimirovich Yablonskiy. P. K. Yablonskiy is the founder of many progressive endeavors in medicine: the study of the fundamental principles of respiratory transplantation implemented in the world’s first successful simultaneous allotransplantation of the trachea (1991) and the first successful bilateral lung transplantation in the Russian Federation; the creation of the Russian school of interventional pulmonology and the St. Petersburg school of breast endovascular surgery; the development and implementation for the first time in world practice of the concept of using robot-assisted operations in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Significant scientific potential and high organizational capabilities allowed P. K. Yablonskiy to lead and actively develop the Center for Intensive Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery on the basis of the multidisciplinary city hospital; the Department of Hospital Surgery, and then the Faculty of Medicine of St. Petersburg University; St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology. The great experience in clinical medicine and the organization of public health contributed to his appointment as the chief freelance specialist – the thoracic surgeon of the Ministry of Health of the country, and also allowed him to head the Association of Thoracic Surgeons and the National Association of TB specialists, created by him.

Experimental Studies of the Parameters of the Contact Problem in the Design of Plastic Tube Concrete Structures

The article presents numerical studies of the stress-strain state of the centrally compressed short plastic-concrete-tubal vertical constructions (PCT). The authors experimentally obtained and analyzed the effect of friction on the boundary between the layers of the concrete core and the plastic tube on the stress-strain state of the PCT vertical constructions. The need to carry out these studies is associated with a deficiency of theoretical and numerical studies of this phenomenon, including for the traditional pipe concrete in a steel tube. In this regard, mathematical modeling and the creation of engineering methods for calculating the PCT based on the study of the factual joint operation of the concrete core and the cylindrical plastic shell has significant scientific potential. The calculations and experimental analysis demonstrated the validity with engineering accuracy of using the mathematical model of a short PCT column for engineering calculations and structural analysis. It has been established that the use of an analytical model makes it possible to investigate the influence of the variation of the physical and mechanical characteristics properties of the materials of the core and tube of the PCT on the parameters of the stress-strain state design and to carry out a rational design of the PCT elements in the structures of civil and industrial buildings with reference to the materials actually used widely represented in the market.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЧНОСТИ КОНТАКТА ПЛАСТИКОВОЙ ТРУБЫ И БЕТОНА ПРИ РАСЧЕТЕ ПЛАСТИКОТРУБОБЕТОННЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

This article presents numerical studies of the stress-strain state of centrally compressed short plastic-tube-concrete (PTC) cylindrical cores, having experimentally obtained and analyzed the influence of the tangential friction forces at the boundary of the concrete core and plastic shell layers on the stress-strain state of the PTC core under the assumption of elastic work of the core materials and shell. The need for these studies is associated with a lack of theoretical and numerical studies of the influence of tangential friction forces on the stress-strain state of this type of structural elements, including the classical solution with a steel shell. In this regard, mathematical modeling and the creation of engineering methods for calculating the PTC based on the study of the actual joint work of the concrete core and the cylindrical plastic shell has significant scientific potential. The performed calculations demonstrated the relevance with engineering accuracy of using the mathematical model of a short PTC rack for engineering calculations and structural analysis of the structure. It has been established that the use of an analytical model allows us to study the effect of variations in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of the core and shell of the PTC on the parameters of the stress-strain state of the structure and to rationally design the PTC elements in the construction of civil and industrial buildings with reference to the widely used materials market.

Principles of area development strategic planning (the case of the free state of Bavaria)

Introduction. To accomplish the task of area development a new creative approach, that is urban development connected with the dramatic improvement of the quality of urban development environment, is proposed. In the context of this approach, the study of the experience and practice of area development strategic planning using the example of the Free State of Bavaria as a German region with significant scientific potential and economic strength is of great interest. The purpose of area development strategic planning is the achievement of such a situation when the welfare of the people living in the area increases. Today, in the context of spatial development imbalances, violation of territorial integrity, environmental pollution and other challenges, the development of new cities is an exceptional practice. Materials and methods. The methodological framework of the research is a new conceptual approach to the city planning environment, that is urban development. The methods of the research are: familiarization with relevant regulatory documents of the Federal Republic of Germany and system analysis of urban planning documentation for the accomplishment of the tasks of strategic planning of area development. Results. The specifics of the area planning in Germany including specifics of area comprehensive development (types, purposes, objectives and the content of urban regulatory documents) has been revealed. The analysis of the strategic planning of area development in Bavaria performed in terms of urban development principles shows that the emphasis in the development is on the historical value of settlements. Special attention is paid to the redevelopment of industrial and transport zones. Elements of Smart City are employed in the area management. Conclusions. The experience of strategic planning of area development using the example of the Free State of Bavaria can be helpful for practice of regulating the process of area development in Russia.

Особенности инновационного развития сельского хозяйства северного региона (на примере АПК Республики Коми)

Agriculture of the Republic of Komi is quite a contrast. It varies geographically: in terms of technological development, the volume of production and willingness to innovate. The innovative development of agriculture of the Northern region of Komi Republic is characterized by low level of innovative activity at significant scientific potential. The objective necessity of intensification of innovation processes is evidenced by the fact that for 20132015 the pace of decline in physical volume of machinery and equipment intensified; energy consumption decreased by 5%; primitive methods and technologies is dominated in agriculture; outdated varieties and breeds of cattle, imperfect forms of organization and management are used. The regulatory framework is not resolved until the end for innovation in agriculture of the Republic; there are no scientific-production association, innovation centers and agrotechnopark. Scientific-production association in the agricultural sector should be organized on the basis of Agricultural research institute of Republic of Komi. For innovative development of the Republic of Komi it is necessary to implement the strategy of innovative development of agribusiness. Firstly, used information-analytical system should be built on the basis of GIS technologies and digital maps componentwise: geomorphological, climatic, soil, farmland and derivatives thereof. Also, the set of digital maps is necessary that characterize the social conditions of agricultural production and consumption of agricultural products, infrastructure, power, process industry. This information-analytical system should provide the ability to perform scenario forecasts, and update data from different sources. Secondly, in the Strategy of economic and social development of Republic of Komi till 2020 agriculture is considered as an industry, development of which governs the economic and social welfare of the region as a whole. One of the most important tasks of development of the industry is the sharp increase in the volumes of production, which is possible through the expansion of cultivated land and parallel introduction of more advanced technologies. Thirdly, it is necessary to take into account the need for innovation of the area of main settlement and peripheral regions of the Republic of Komi.

On the International Scientific Conference «Reading in the Vastness of Childhood: the Experience of Russia and Worldwide»

On the International Scientific Conference «Reading in the Vastness of Childhood: the Experience of Russia and Worldwide», assembled significant scientific potential and demonstrated stability of researchers’ interest in this topic; the Conference was held in Moscow on 14-15 November, 2013.

A Radio Air-Shower Test Array (RASTA) for IceCube

In this paper we explore the possibility to complement the cosmic ray physics program of the I ceC ube observatory with an extended surface array of radio antennas. The combination of air shower sampling on the surface and muon calorimetry underground offers significant scientific potential: the neutrino sensitivity above the horizon can be enhanced by vetoing air showers on the ground, photon-induced air showers can be identified by their small muon component and the coincident measurement of the particle density on the surface and the muon component gives useful information on the composition of the primary flux. All of these analyses are pursued with the existing I ceT op array. However, the I ceT op footprint is small compared to the acceptance of the I nI ce sensor array, which severely limits the solid angle for coincident measurements, calling for an extended surface air shower detector. As demonstrated by the L opes experiment, measuring air showers through their geosynchrotron emission has become a viable and cost-efficient method. The science case for the RASTA project—a dedicated radio array seeking to exploit this method at the South Pole—is presented.