Significant Differences In Relation Research Articles

Advances in the use of attractive traps in collecting Neotropical Social Wasp

It is possible to elaborate adequate methodologies for collecting social wasps from the knowledge of their behavior. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the attractiveness of different sized PET bottles (plastic soda bottles) (by volume), types of juice and variety of attractive flavors of juice in elaborating attractive traps to optimize the method for diverse works involving social wasps. The work was elaborated in the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, between the years of 2015 and 2016, and was divided into three experiments. The three experiments did not present a significant difference in relation to the richness or abundance of social wasps species, therefore the bottle volume choice used as traps, the type of juice (natural or artificial) and the variety of attractive substance should be selected according to practicality and low economic value. As such, the use of 0.5 L PET bottles as attractive traps filled with 150mL of mango, guava or passion fruit artificial juice is suggested.

METFORMIN DURING ADULTHOOD CANNOT ATTENUATE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF NEONATAL OVERNUTRITION

Under- or overnutrition, during critical periods of development, lead to the development ofobesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction later in life in rats that have been programmed forthe development of metabolic dysfunction in a litter reduction model. On day 1, all litters arestandardized to 9 pups per dam and on day 3 after birth, litters were adjusted to 3 pups perdam in the small litter group (SL) and the NL group remained with 9 animals. At 70 days ofage, the animals were separated into 2 new groups: Saline (SAL) and Metformin (MET). For12 days, the NL and SL animals were treated daily with saline, giving rise to the NL-SAL andSL-SAL groups, or were treated with Met 100mg/kg/day, giving rise to the NL-MET and SL-MET groups. The treatment ended at 82 days of age and the animals were taken up to 142days of life. Body weight remained significantly higher in SL compared to NL animals up to142 days (p<0.0001), with no significant difference in relation to treatment. And the samewas observed in relation to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (p<0.0001). We canconclude that short-term treatment with metformin did not attenuate the metabolicdysfunction induced by neonatal overnutrition.

Manual dexterity in dentistry: Development and evaluation of a preclinical training program.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a manual dexterity training program on manual dexterity, perception of self-confidence, quality of cavity preparations, and ergonomic work posture of dental students prior to preclinical training. Students in the first year of the undergraduate dentistry program (N = 63) participated in this study. The program consisted of eight phases in which students performed different types of activities. The dependent variables were: manual dexterity assessed by the modified Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment; self-confidence to perform a preclinical procedure using the VAS scale; quality of Class I cavity preparation; angular deviation from the neutral position of the neck, trunk, wrist and distance between the student's eyes and the mannequin's tooth. These variables were evaluated at two different times: before and after the application of the program. The independent variable was the preclinical manual dexterity training program. After meeting the assumption of normality, the paired t-Student test was performed, the significance level was 5%. The results showed a statistically significant difference in relation to manual dexterity (p < 0.001), self-confidence (p < 0.001), quality of cavity preparations (p < 0.001), distance from the eyes of the student/mannequin (p < 0.001), deviation angle of the neutral position of the trunk (p = 0.007) and wrists (p < 0.001), with better results in posttraining. It was possible to conclude that, in general, the proposed training positively influenced the self-confidence, dexterity, quality of work, and ergonomics of the evaluated students.

Stent restenosis: identifying predictors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Despite advancements in stent technology, such as the appearance of the drug-eluting stents, stent restenosis remains a common post-procedure complication and is associated with a higher morbimortality. These patients frequently need repeat revascularisation and pose a therapeutic challenge. Purpose This study aims to characterize if it is possible to identify clinical predictors of stent restenosis. Methods We retrospectively observed a population of 9815 patients (D) admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and divided them into two groups: those who had stent restenosis (D1), and those who did not (D2). We then compared both groups regarding age, sex, personal history of smoking (both current or former smokers), hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, stroke/TIA, chronic kidney disease and stent location. Results D1 consisted of 2,9% of the population. Both groups had similar age (D1: 67,95±10,35 years vs. D2: 68,56±11,57years) and were predominantly of the male sex (75,9% vs. 73,3%). D1 had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (3,1% vs 2,7%, p=0,008; odds ratio: 1,183, 95% CI [1,044;1,340]); dyslipidaemia (72,4% vs 59,0%, p&amp;lt;0,001; odds ratio: 1,821, 95% CI [1,586;2,092]); hypertension (86,4% vs 80,8%, p&amp;lt;0,001; odds ratio: 1,507, 95% CI [1,259;1,805]); smoking (38,1% vs 33,6%, p=0,003; odds ratio: 1,215, 95% CI [1,069;1,381]); and chronic kidney disease (12,1% vs 10,0%, p=0,003; odds ratio 1,235, 95% CI [1,020;1,495]) than D2. When comparing stent location, restenosis was more frequently observed in the right coronary artery (4,5% vs 2,3%, p&amp;lt;0,001; odds ratio 2,016, 95% CI [1,775;2,289]), with no significant differences in relation to other segments. There were no statistically relevant differences regarding stroke/TIA between the groups. Conclusions In patients with ACS, stent restenosis seems to be associated with a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, history of smoking and chronic kidney disease. Right coronary artery stenting also seems to be associated with a higher rate if restenosis when compared to other revascularised segments. These characteristics could help predict which patients are at a higher risk and need closer monitoring, potentially improving outcomes. Further developing a score with these predictors could be of interest.

Q-angle assessment in older adult patients with Gonarthrosis

Gonarthrosis is one of the most prevalent pathologies in the world. It affects more than 23% of people belonging to the age group between 60 and 64 years old and 40% of the population over 70 years old and more frequently in the female sex. Joint misalignment is one of the most important factors for its development. Therefore, it is important to determine the Q angle in people since it is a predictive agent of this condition. Objective: To describe the Q angle presented by patients with gonarthrosis at the health center in the city of Cuenca during the period September 2022 - February 2023. Methods: Quantitative study of descriptive scope, cross-sectional type, applied to 22 older adults of the Health Center in the city of Cuenca. Data were collected by means of semiology data and Q-angle measurement using imaging software (Kinovea version 0.9.5). The tabulation and analysis of the results was performed with SPSS statistics 21 and the graphs with Excel. Results: The sample consisted of 22 persons, 50% of whom were female and 50% male. The age range with the highest prevalence was 65 to 75 years, representing 86% of the total population. The average right Q angle in patients with gonarthrosis was 14° and on the left side it was 13°. Conclusions: After finalizing the data collection and analysis, it was established that there is no significant difference in relation to the with the Q angle of older adults with gonarthrosis in the health center of the city of Cuenca.

Editor's Choice – Sex Related Differences in Indication and Procedural Outcomes of Carotid interventions in VASCUNET

It has been suggested that peri-operative complications after carotid surgery may be higher in women than in men. This assumption may affect the treatment patterns, and it is thus possible that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is provided to women less often. The aim of the current VASCUNET study was to determine sex related differences in operative risk in routine clinical practice among non-selected patients undergoing carotid revascularisation. Data on CEA and carotid artery stenting (CAS) from 14 vascular registries were collected and amalgamated. Comprehensive data were available for 223 626 carotid artery procedures; these were analysed overall and by country. The primary outcome was any stroke and or death within 30 days of carotid revascularisation. Secondary outcomes were stroke, death, or any major cardiac event or haemorrhage leading to re-operation. Of the procedures, 34.8% were done in women. The proportion of CEA for asymptomatic stenosis compared with symptomatic stenosis was significantly higher among women than men (38.4% vs. 36.9%, p < .001). The proportion of octogenarians was higher among women than men who underwent CEA in both asymptomatic (21.2% vs. 19.9%) and symptomatic patients (24.3% vs. 21.4%). In the unadjusted analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, there were no significant differences between men and women in the rate of post-operative combined stroke and or death, any major cardiac event, or combined death, stroke, and any major cardiac event after CEA. Also, after stenting for asymptomatic or symptomatic carotid stenosis, there were no significant differences between men and women in the rate of post-operative complications. In adjusted analyses, sex was not significantly associated with any of the end points. Higher age and CAS vs. CEA were independently associated with all four end points. This study confirmed that, in a large registry among non-selected patients, no significant sex related differences were found in peri-operative complication rates after interventions for carotid stenosis.

Infrared thermography comparison of heat generation between simplified and conventional implant site preparation techniques

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Introduction: The predictability of osseointegration depends on a non-traumatic surgical technique that maintains cell viability. It is known that during the drilling osteotomy for implant placement occurs heat generation, being able to influence osseointegration due to thermal damage. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the heat generated by the drills during the preparation of surgical sites for implant placement between two different techniques: simplified (Simplified Drilling, SD) and conventional, in an in vitro model.&#x0D; Material and methods: Fifty implant site preparations were performed in segments of bovine ribs, divided into two groups, with the respective drill sequences: control group, conventional preparation, Ø2.0mm spear drill and Ø2.15mm, Ø2.85mm, Ø3.35mm, Ø3.85mm twist drills; SD group, Ø2.15mm and Ø3.85mm twist drills. The measurement of the temperature variation generated by each drill in each group was performed by an infrared thermal camera at three points in the bovine rib segment.&#x0D; Results: The temperature variations at one and thirteen millimeters below the drilling site were, respectively, 0.51±0.64°C and 0.46±0.59°C for the control group, and 0.62±0.76°C and 0.5±0.86°C for the SD group. No statistically significant differences were found between the control and SD groups in relation to heat generation in any of the evaluated points; p=0.288 and p=0.584, respectively for analyzes one and thirteen millimeters below the drilling site.&#x0D; Discussion: The technique of implant site preparation can be simplified, using only two drills in this modality, without showing significant differences in relation to heat generation when compared to the conventional preparation technique.

Observer experience and Antarctic minke whale sighting ability in IWC/IDCR-SOWER surveys

The relationship between observer experience and the number of minke whale schools sighted on International Whaling Commission/International Decade of Cetacean Research-Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research (IWC/IDCR-SOWER) surveys from 1993/94 to 1998/99 is investigated for Independent Observer (IO) mode survey. Observer experience is defined as the number of past sightings surveys in which the observer participated. During the third circumpolar set of surveys (from 1991/92 onwards), about half of the observers had participated in fewer than five previous sightings surveys. Based upon the QAIC model selection criterion, the observers are classified into two groups depending on their experience: ‘Beginners’ (0-4 surveys) and ‘Experts’ ( &gt; 4). The sighting rate for minke whale schools by Beginners is estimated to be 42% lower than that by Expert observers. Furthermore, perpendicular distances to the sightings do not show significant differences in relation to observer experience. These results jointly indicate that the probability of detection on the trackline, g(0), may be less than one when Beginners are amongst those observing. Abundance estimation for minke whales in IO mode involves the sightings made by triple observer combinations, with two observers in the barrel and one observer in the Independent Observer Platform (IOP) all searching simultaneously. Surprisingly, given the result above, no significant trend in sighting rate with the combined experience of this three-observer combination is detected. This might be an artifact of small sample size for some observer combinations, such as Experts in all platforms. When observer combinations in the barrel are pooled across, the estimated trend in the sighting rate with combined observer experience becomes steeper. Furthermore, when like-minke sightings are also taken into account, the trend becomes steeper still. In this case, when observations are pooled across observer combinations in the barrel, a model for sighting rate that includes an observer effect is selected in terms of the QAIC criteria. These analyses thus provide suggestive evidence that the introduction of Beginner observers during the third circumpolar set of surveys may have reduced g(0) and hence negatively biased abundance estimates for minke whales, both in absolute terms and compared with estimates from the second circumpolar set of surveys.

Comparative study of Brazilian Military Police Uniforms

Although there are literature studies on military uniforms, few investigate those used by the Military Police (MP). As such, the present study aimed to characterize the structural, colorimetric and mechanical properties of Brazilian MP Uniforms. To that end, yarn count, fabric weight, yarn density, weave pattern, optical microscopy, fastness, reflectance spectrophotometry and tensile strength tests were performed on uniforms from MPMG, MPSC and MPRN (Military Police from the states of Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Norte, respectively). Structural similarities between the MPMG and MPSC uniforms were detected, and significant differences in relation to the MPRN. The three uniforms displayed satisfactory performance in dry rubbing fastness, and unsatisfactory in wet rubbing fastness and loss of color after washing. Thus, there is significant room for improvement in military police uniforms in Brazil.

Knowledge and Awareness of Healthcare Professionals about Infant Oral Health

Introduction: The strategy of utilizing primary medical care to promote oral health is particularly necessary and especially through infant oral health measures (IOH). Pediatricians and family physicians were knowledgeable about some aspects of ECC and infant oral health but were uncertainly identifying dental caries and the early signs of ECC. The majority of physicians reported that they play an important role and are involved in promoting the oral health of children in their practices. Aim: This cross-sectional study was designed to assess baseline knowledge of infant oral health IOH among healthcare professionals. Design: An online self-reported cross-sectional survey was designed to assess awareness about IOH. A total number of 449 healthcare professionals (dentists, physicians, nurses and dental assistances), working in facilities dealing with infant health responded to the survey in various countries. The survey was consisting of 12 questions regarding IOH. A score of 70% or more was considered as a “pass” score based. Results: Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed for all groups and subgroups based on their responses which reflect their awareness of IOH. Around 53% of health professionals (n= 242) were able to achieve pass scores, while 47% of health professionals (n=207) did not achieve it. Regarding demographic and occupational characteristics there was a significant difference in pass rate about age (p&lt; 0.001) being lower in the age group below 30 years. We also found a significant difference in pass rate in relation to gender and type of job (p&lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in relation to the duration of the experience (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for continuous education and training programs on updated oral health measures for all healthcare providers. This study calls for further research to evaluate the role of various factors involved in IOH care and to effectively educate all healthcare providers.

Acute toxicity of titanium dioxide microparticles in Artemia sp. nauplii instar I and II.

In this study, the toxicity effects of titanium dioxide (MTiO2 ) microparticles on Artemia sp. nauplii instar I and II between 24 and 48 h was evaluated. The MTiO2 were characterized using different microscopy techniques. MTiO2 rutile was used in toxicity tests at concentration of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ppm. No toxicity was observed in Artemia sp. nauplii instar I at the time of 24 and 48 h. However, Artemia sp. nauplii instar II toxicity was observed within 48 h of exposure. MTiO2 at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 ppm was lethal for Artemia sp. with a significant difference (p ≤ .05) in relation to the control artificial sea water with LC50 value at 50 ppm. Analysis of optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed tissue damage and morphological changes in Artemia sp. nauplii instar II. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy, cell damage was observed due to the toxicity of MTiO2 at a concentration of 20, 50, and 100 ppm. The high mortality rate is related to the filtration of MTiO2 by Artemia sp. nauplii instar II due to the complete development of the digestive tract.

Efficacy and safety of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors plus standard care in diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionMany people with type 2 diabetes progress to end-stage diabetic kidney disease (DKD) despite blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, suggesting the need for innovative treatment options for DKD. To capture the findings of recent studies, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors combined with standard care involving angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the development and progression of DKD in people with type 2 diabetes compared with standard care alone. MethodsThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and clinical trials registers were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published before 1 September 2022. Primary outcomes were urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secondary outcomes were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Relative risk was calculated for adverse events. ResultsEight studies enrolling 5512 participants were included. In the meta-analysis (n = 1327), SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a statistically significant reduction in UACR (weighted mean difference [WMD] -105.61 mg/g, 95 % CI -197.25 to −13.98, I2 = 99 %, p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in relation to eGFR (n = 1375; WMD -0.23 mL/min/1.73m2, 95 % CI -4.34 to 3.89, I2 = 94 %, p = 0.91). ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors in addition to standard care including ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs significantly reduced albuminuria, HbA1c and SBP when compared to standard care alone, supporting their routine use in people with type 2 diabetes.

Comorbidities and concentration of trace elements in livers of European bison from Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)

European bison is a species for which health monitoring is essential in conservation activities. So far, little research has been carried out on the concentration of elements in this species. Most previous studies did not associate the concentration of elements with susceptibility to diseases. In this study we investigate the relationship between comorbidities in European bison and concentrations of a wide spectrum of elements in the liver. Samples were collected during the monitoring of the European bison population in Bieszczady (southeast Poland) over the 2020–2022 period. Each individual was also visually inspected by a veterinarian in the field for the presence of lesions as a part of a post-mortem examination. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group A—one type of clinical sign; group B—two types of clinical signs; group C—three or more types of clinical signs. The ICP-OES method was applied to assess the concentration of 40 elements in livers. Discriminant analysis showed clear differences between the mineral status of individuals in the groups with one, two, and at least three types of clinical signs. Detailed analysis of selected elements showed that, in the case of eight elements, there was a relationship with age, sex, or comorbidities. Cu, Se, and Zn showed significant differences in relation to comorbidities, but only Cu concentration was lower when the frequency of lesions was higher. We concluded that in research on the mineral status of the population, apart from the availability of trace elements in the environment, the health condition of the studied individuals should also be considered. However, inferring the mineral status of the population on the basis of randomly obtained samples from dead individuals may give an incomplete view of the population, especially in the case of species susceptible to diseases, such as European bison.

Organic conversion tea farms can have comparable economic benefits and less environmental impacts than conventional ones—A case study in China

Lack of experience concerning the organic conversion period and its associated challenges have made it difficult for conventional farmers to convert to organic farming. In this study, using a combined life cycle assessment (LCA) with data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, we investigated farming management strategies, and environmental, economic, and efficiency impacts of organic conversion tea farms (OCTF, N = 15) compared to conventional (CTF, N = 13) and organic (OTF, N = 14) tea farms in Wuyi County, China for a year-round (2019). We found that the OCTF reduced agricultural inputs (environmental impacts) and applied more manual harvesting (increased added value) to pull through the conversion period. According to the LCA results, OCTF showed a similar integrated environmental impact index compared with OTF but significantly (P < 0.05) lower than CTF at both midpoint and endpoint levels. In terms of economic assessment, OTF showed the significantly highest total revenue (18.7 thousand $ ha−1 yr−1) and profit (13.7 thousand $ ha−1 yr−1) (P < 0.05) among the farm types. In contrast, OCTF and CTF did not show significant differences in relation to these economic indicators (P > 0.05). The total cost and cost-profit ratio did not show significant differences among the three farm types. Considering the DEA analysis, there were no significant differences in the technical efficiency of all farm types. However, the eco-efficiency of OCTF and OTF was significantly higher than that of CTF. Therefore, conventional tea farms can survive the conversion period with competitive economic and environmental benefits. In this regard, policies should promote organic tea cultivation and agroecological practices to enhance the sustainable transformation of tea production systems.

Anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in the UK general population: A cross-sectional study.

There is still a generalized feeling of uncertainty in the population due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as restrictions on daily routines and social contact, accompanied by a large number of infections, negatively affect different areas of people's lives and, therefore, their mental health. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in the general UK population, using the Anxiety and Fear to COVID-19 Assessment Scale (Ansiedad y Miedo al COVID-19) (AMICO) scale. A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire was conducted in a sample of the UK general population in 2021. Socio-demographic and employment variables were included. The AMICO scale was included to measure fear and anxiety about COVID-19. The relationship between variables was studied with a categorical regression analysis. In general, participants regarded themselves as well-informed about the pandemic, although 62.6% had only received 1 dose of the vaccine. Regarding the AMICO scale the total score was 4.85 (out of 10; standard deviation 2.398). Women showed higher scores for the AMICO than men. The bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in relation to self-confidence, amount of information received, and vaccination variables as related to the mean AMICO scores. An average level of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 is shown in the general UK population, which is lower than most of the studies that assessed the impact of the pandemic on the general population.

Cognitive Imapirment in Multiple Sclerosis: Relation to Dysability, Duration and Type of Disease.

Cognitive dysfunctions are often presented as a symptom in multiple sclerosis which is associated with both structural and functional imapirments of neuronal networks in the brain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dysability, duration and type of disesase on cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients. This study included 60 MS patients treated at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Inclusion criteria were clinically definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, 18 years of age or older and were able to give written informed consent. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) screening test. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparisons between clinical characteristics and MoCa test scores. Out of 63.33% of patients had EDSS <=4.5. Disease lasted longer than 10 years in 30% of patients. 80% had relapsing-remitting MS and 20% had secondary progressive MS. 84,2 % of patients with EDSS ≤ 4.5 had cognitive dysfunction. Higher disability (rho=0,306, p<0,05), progressive type of disease (rho=0,377, p< 0,01) and longer disease duration (rho=0,282, p<0,05) were associated with worse overall cognitive functions. Level of disability showed statistical significant correlation with the executive functions and language domains of cognition (p<0.01). Longer disease duration was significant correlated with executive functions (p<0,01) and language domains (p<0,01), while progressive type of disease was signifacant correlated only with executive functions domain (p<0,01). MoCa score variables did not show a statistically significant difference in relation to the number of relapses per year and the use of imunoterapy. Statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between executive functions domain and level of disability, disease duration and progressive type of disease, while language domain significantly correlated only with disability level and progressive type of disease. High percentage of MS patients has cognitive impairment. Patients with higher disability were presented with lower cognitive abilities, especially in executive functions and language domains. Higher frequency of cognitive impairment were presented in progessive forms of disaese and longer disease duration with strong influence on executive functions domains of cognition.

Abstract P2-15-08: Aesthetic Incisions and Early Complications for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy followed by Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Abstract Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical alternative for patients who are not candidates for breast-conserving therapy in early breast cancer or even for women who are candidates for risk-reducing mastectomies, facilitating immediate breast reconstruction. Aesthetic incisions such as through the inframammary fold (IMF) or periareolar (PA) are viable options for radial scars, with better cosmetic results and less visibility. Little is known about early surgical complications between these two techniques. Objectives and methods The aim of this study was to evaluate early complications (NAC necrosis [mild, partial or total], infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence and reconstruction failure) in patients undergoing NSM via esthetic incisions (IMF or PA) and immediate breast reconstruction in a unique Brazilian institution. A retrospective analysis was performed at Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF) between 2015 and 2022, including patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months and complete data in the medical records. The following demographic parameters were evaluated: age, body mass index, co-morbidities, use of direct implant or tissue expander, breast weight and pre-pectoral or submuscular reconstruction. Pearsons chi squared tests and t-test were performed and a p value of &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 180 NSM through IMF (n=106) or PA (n=74) incisions were included and 43 cases (23.9%) of complications were observed: 27 in the PA group (62.8%) and 16 in the IMF (37.2%), with this difference being significant (p=0.0002). Regarding NAC necrosis, 65.4% were observed in the PA incision (n=17; 22.4%), compared to 34.6% in the IMF (n=9; 8.7%) (p=0.0023). There was no significant difference in relation to other complications (n=7 [IMF] vs n=10 [PA]), just as there was no difference in relation to the demographic parameters evaluated, except for the pre-pectoral and direct-to-implant reconstruction, which were more frequently performed in the IMF group: 19 (18.3%) vs 3 (4%) and 52 (50%) vs 24 (31.6%) cases respectively. Only 2 patients had breast reconstruction failure, both in the PA cohort. Conclusions Both incisions are viable options for accessing the NSM, with an acceptable rate of complications. The PA incision is related to a higher complication rate compared to IMF, based mainly on the NAC necrosis rate. More studies are needed for a better understanding of this scenario. Citation Format: Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante, Guilherme Novita, Ticiane Oliveira Lima, Ryane Alcantara, Amanda Cardoso, Flora Ulisses, Felipe Zerwes, Eduardo Millen. Aesthetic Incisions and Early Complications for Nipple-sparing Mastectomy followed by Immediate Breast Reconstruction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-08.

Study Literature Review of the Rise of Tax Avoidance Practices

This study aims to find out how many companies are trying to avoid taxes. This research was conducted by observing a number of papers, namely by documenting various articles related to tax avoidance and then adapting them according to several categories until finally there were 313 articles that could be used. Initially there were 644 articles, then adapted based on the selection of abstracts and several inappropriate criteria so that the number became 404 articles, and then read again until finally there were 313 articles that could be examined. In this study, the fact is that many companies are trying to avoid taxes, utilizing the services of tax consultants in order to reduce the amount of corporate tax that must be paid. In addition, the company always tries to use a variety of very subtle techniques so that the tax authorities cannot find out, there is a very significant difference in relation to carrying out tax evasion by taking advantage of loopholes in the law compared to carrying out illegal tax evasion and this will certainly lead to new problem for the company. Thus, the urgency of paying taxes will always be supervised and monitored by the government due to certain targets in an effort to increase the realization of tax revenues every year.

Composition and biodiversity of soil and root-associated microbiome in Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco distinguish the microbial terroir of the Lambrusco DOC protected designation of origin area on a local scale.

Wines produced from the same grape cultivars but in different locations possess distinctive qualities leading to different consumer's appreciation, preferences, and thus purchase choices. Here, we explore the possible importance of microbiomes at the soil-plant interface as a determinant of the terroir properties in grapevine production, which confer specific growth performances and wine chemo-sensory properties at the local scale. In particular, we investigated the variation in microbial communities associated with the roots of Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco, as well as with surrounding bulk soils, in different vineyards across the "Consorzio Tutela Lambrusco DOC" protected designation of origin area (PDO, Emilia Romagna, Italy), considering viticultural sites located both inside and outside the consortium in two different seasons (June and November 2021). According to our findings, rhizospheric and soil microbiomes show significant structural differences in relation to the sampling site, regardless of seasonality, while endophytic microbiomes seem to be completely unaffected by such variables. Furthermore, a deeper insight into the microbial terroir of PDO areas highlighted the presence of some rhizospheric microorganisms enriched inside the consortium and characterizing the PDO regardless of both sampling season and farming strategy. These include Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Azospirillum, which are all well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest a connection between soil and root microbiomes of V. vinifera cultivar Lambrusco and the local designation of origin, emphasizing the potential role of PDO-enriched plant growth-promoting bacteria in vine growing and final quality of the Lambrusco DOC wine.

Application of serum pools in insulin harmonization: Commutability and stability.

Recalibration using serum pools assigned by higher-order reference methods had been demonstrated to be effective in improving the agreement among insulin immunoassays. To promote the application of serum pools in insulin harmonization, this study analyzed serum pools' commutability between insulin immunoassays, and their short- and long-term stability at different temperatures. The agreement between commonly used immunoassays was also evaluated. Insulin in 69 individual serum samples, 10 serum pools, and three EQA samples (lyophilized powder of serum pools) were detected by six widely used immunoassays. The commutability of serum pools and EQA samples was evaluated according to the IFCC-recommended approach. Serum pools' stability at different temperatures was investigated by placing them at various temperatures for varying lengths of time. Individual serum samples' results were analyzed using the Bland-Altman and Passing and Bablok regression analyses. Serum pools were commutable among most assays, the EQA samples-lyophilized serum pools-were non-commutable among most assays. Serum pools can be stably stored at -20°C and -80°C for at least one year, but can only be stably stored at room temperature for twenty-four hours. Significant relative differences were observed among assays. Recalibration using serum pools can only improve the assays' agreement at middle and high insulin levels, but not at low levels. Serum pools were commutable and stable for insulin measurement and can be used in insulin harmonization. The existing EQA materials were non-commutable between most assays, and other EQA materials, such as serum pools, should be studied.