Significant Reduction In Total Protein Research Articles

Thermoxidized palm oil diet (TPO) induced protein derangements in rats is ameliorated by fresh palm oil (FPO) and Vitamin E

Objective(s): The therapeutic efficacy of FPO and vitamin E were studied against TPO induced derangements in some proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: 60 male albino rats (140-160g) weight range, grouped (n=10) as: Control, TPO, FPO, Vitamin E, TPO treated with FPO (TPO+FPO) and Vitamin E (TPO+ Vitamin E). TPO and FPO (15g each) mixed with 85g rat feed was used to prepare FPO and TPO diet. Vitamin E was administered 200mg/kg daily by oral gavage. Animals were fed for 4 weeks, while group 5 and 6 were further treated with FPO and Vitamin E for another 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment blood were collected from sacrificed rats via cardiac puncture and protein indices were analyzed using serum. Results: Sero-protein analysis revealed a significant reduction in total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio in TPO compared to control, FPO and Vitamin E, but was significantly increased in TPO+FPO and TPO+ Vitamin E compared to TPO. Total protein was significantly increased in TPO+FPO compared to TPO+ Vitamin E, while globulin was significantly increased in TPO+ Vitamin E compared to TPO+FPO. Total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin were significantly increased in TPO compared to control, FPO and Vitamin E, but was significantly reduced in TPO+FPO and TPO+ Vitamin E compared to TPO. Total bilirubin was significantly reduced in TPO+FPO compared to TPO+ Vitamin E. Conjugated bilirubin was significantly reduced in TPO compared to control, FPO and Vitamin E, but was significantly increased in TPO groups treated with FPO and Vitamin E in relation to TPO. Conclusion: FPO and vitamin E displayed therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating protein derangements instigated by TPO consumption.

Hepatoprotective effect of methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum L in highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced toxicity in Wistar rats

Prolonged use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been linked to toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. There are few effective drugs for HAART patients that promote hepatic cell regeneration and prevent liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hepato-protective activity of Methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum (MFEPG) in HAART-administered rats. Thirty rats weighing between 150–200 g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of five rats. Distilled water was given to the rats in group one. Only HAART was given to the rats in group two. MFEPG at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg was given to the rats in groups three and four. MFEPG dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg along with HAART were given to the rats in groups five and six, respectively. All treatments were via oral gavage daily for 40 days. Under halothane anesthesia, all rats were sacrificed on day 41. Liver tissues were utilized for lipid peroxidation marker; Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) and histological evaluation, while blood samples were examined for biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, Total cholesterol, Total protein, and Albumin). The HAART-treated group exhibited a significantly higher amount of the lipid peroxidation end product; MDA, and significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, and CAT. Liver enzymes and total cholesterol were significantly increased with a significant reduction in Total protein and Albumin levels in the HAART-treated group. Conversely, the liver function biomarkers were returned to normal levels in the HAART and MFEPG-treated groups. Histopathological studies revealed that when HAART-exposed rats were treated with MFEPG, both the biochemical and histological results significantly improved. Thus, the antioxidant activity of MFEPG provides protection against HAART-induced liver oxidative damage. More research is needed to determine the safety of using MFEPG in humans.

Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Alterations Associated With Early and Late Infection of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Egypt

This study aimed to investigate clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations associated with early (during the first week.) and late (after one month) of lumpy skin disease (LSD) infection in cattle infected during an outbreak of LSD in Egypt. Animals which were clinically examined directly after the clinical onset of LSD showed, firm elevated skin nodules that were distributed all over the body, fever (more than 40℃) associated with anorexia, general weakness, reduced milk yield, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and edema in the brisket and/or limbs. Examination of the affected animals one month after the disease onset revealed marked weight loss, shrunk of skin nodules and formation of sit fast. There were significant increases in body temperature, pulse and respiratory rate in all animals infected with LSD with significant decrease of ruminal movement compared to control group. DNA extracted from skin samples collected from LSD infected animals showed bands at the expected size (172 base pairs) by partial amplification of viral attachment protein using PCR. Reduced RBCS count, Hb content, HCT, and MCHC values with a significant increase in MCV in all LSD infected cows compared to the control group, while leukogram analysis revealed leucopenia and lymphopenia during the 1st week. Post-infection, however, one month post-infection revealed granulocytic leukocytosis. In addition, all LSD infected cows showed inflammatory thrombocytopenia. Animals during early LSD infection showed significant reduction in total protein, albumin, glucose and TAC and significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, K and MDA levels compared to the control group. While animals during late infection showed significant decrease in glucose, ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, direct bilirubin, K and MDA levels and significant increase in total protein, albumin and TAC compared to the early infection group. It can be concluded that, LSD infection in cattle revealed critical alterations in some hematological and serum biochemical parameters during both early and late stages of infection with negative impact on different organ functions including skin, muscle, liver, kidney and heart.

Hepatotoxicity of methoxychlor and camel milk restoration

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the restoration effect of camel's milk against methoxychlor induced liver toxicity.Design/methodology/approachThe present study was carried out to investigate the restoration effect of camel's milk against methoxychlor induced liver toxicity.FindingsMethoxychlor (MXC) caused a significant increase in serum transaminases (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase, while MXC induced a significant reduction in total protein and albumin levels. MXC significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and markedly enhanced glutathione in liver homogenate. Pathological damages as degeneration and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes were established in liver. Newly formed bile ducteules denotes neoplastic changes in the portal tract with abnormal mitotic pattern were associated with the long-term exposure.Originality/valueThe present study concluded that camel milk treatment may play a protective role against methoxychlor-induced liver damage in rats.

Insecticidal impacts of Bacillus flexus S13 biofilm'extracellular matrix' on cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus

Abstract In an attempt to throw light on the chemical composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Bacillus flexes S13; biofilm’ and its potential activity as insect biocontrol agents. This study investigated the insecticidal efficacy of ECM of Bacillus flexus; S13 against adults of Callosobruchus maculatus. The toxicity results revealed LC50 values as 22.6455 g/100 ml and 10.8524 g/100 ml after 24 and 48 h respectively. Also, the Biochemical assays revealed a significant reduction in total protein, total lipids and chitin contents in survival adults treated with LC50 of Bacillus flexus' ECM where's, the total protein was decreased down to the half (15.54 mg/g) in adults treating with ECM compared to untreated-negative control (39.34 mg/g) while the positive control group treated with NaCl showed a mild decrease (23.57 mg/g). Furthermore, the GC/MS analyses of the methanolic solution of Bacillus flexus ECM showed a high content of polyphenols especially; flavonoid compounds while the major compound was (3, 5, 7, 3\, 4\, penta hydroxyl flavone)with percentage of (40.93%).

Biochemical Effects of Some Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors Against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Insect

The widespread use of the insecticides for controlling the destructive pest, red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), raises the question about efficacy the chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs). Therefore, this study aims to explore the tested CSIs acute toxicity on the field strain of red palm weevil. Also, some biochemical changed in the 6th instar larvae after treatment with tested LC50s were measured. The LC50 values of chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron, and lufenuron were determined at 454.01,1293.02 and 919.13 µg/ml, respectively for the 6th larval instar exposed using the food dipping method. The lufenuron showed the lowest significant reduction in total protein (7.29%) accompanied with activation GST, s-esterase, carboxylesterase, phenoloxidase, chitinase, and ɑ-Esterase recorded 58.50, 58.54, 26.09, 22.56, 11.52 and 7.77% increasing respectively. The chlorfluazuron showed mediated significant reduction in total protein (23.54%) accompanied with activation GST, s-esterase and carboxylesterase and chitinase recorded 24.90, 23.94, 4.89 and 2.28 % increasing respectively. The highest significant reduction in total protein (45.96%) with hexaflumuron treatment accompanied with activation GST, carboxylesterase and chitinase recorded 48.02, 38.86 and 25.22% increase respectively.

Median lethal dose (LD50) and cytotoxicity of Adriamycin in female albino mice

The median lethal dose of Adriamycin and its cytotoxicity in three vital organs (heart, liver and kidney) was studied. The median lethal dose (LD50) was 56.875mg/kg b.wt. . High doses of Adriamycin induced significant increases in heart tissues enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and Creatine Kinase-MB isoenzyme (CKMB)). Hepatotoxicity figured in significant increment in liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides) and significant reduction in total protein and albumin. Moreover, urea and creatinine recorded significant increases in kidney tissues after interpretoneal administration of high doses of Adriamycin (100, 90 and 80 mg/kg b.wt.).

Carvacrol attenuates serum levels of total protein, phospholipase A2 and histamine in asthmatic guinea pig.

Pharmacological effects of carvacrol such as its anti-inflammatory activities have been shows. In this study the effects of carvacrol on serum levels of total protein (TP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and histamine in sensitized guinea pigs was evaluated. Sensitized guinea pigs were given drinking water alone (group S), drinking water containing three concentrations of carvacrol (40, 80 and 160 µg/ml) or dexamethasone. Serum levels of TP, PLA2 and histamine were examined I all sensitized groups as well as a non-sensitized control group (n=6 for each group). In sensitized animals, serum levels of TP, PLA2 and histamine were significantly increased compared to control animals (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Significant reduction in TP, PLA2 and histamine levels were observed in treated groups with the two higher concentrations of carvacrol but dexamethasone treatment only decreased serum level of PLA2 (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Although the effect of the lowest concentration of the extract was less than that of dexamethasone (p<0.05 for TP and p<0.001 for PLA2), the effects of the two higher concentrations on PLA2 were similar to dexamethasone and on TP (p<0.01) and histamine (p<0.001) were higher than those of dexamethasone. These results showed that carvacrol reduced serum levels of TP, PLA2 and histamine in sensitized guinea pigs which may indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of this agent in inflammatory disorders such as asthma.

EFFECTS OF 900 MHZ RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION ON THE RATS’ LIVER

The goal of the study is to evaluate the liver function tests and histological alterations of the rats liver cells after exposure to mobile phone radiation. To perform the liver function test Aspartate transaminase (AST) U.V kinetic test kit produced by CYPRESS DIAGNOSTICS and spectrophotometer was used. Wistar rats (male, 5 week old, approximate body weight 30-40 g) (N = 12) were exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation of Global System Mobile signal modulation (GSM), whole body average specific absorption rate SAR of 1.090W/kg. Twelve (12) male rats were used for the study divided into 3 groups of 4 rats each. Group B and Group C were exposed to 4 hours/day and 8 hours/day mobile phone radiation during calling mode for 2 months respectively while Group A served as control. There was significant reduction in total protein, globulin, while there was significantly increased in Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase (GOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Albumin, total bilirubin in the rats (Group B and C) exposed to mobile phone radiation when compared to the control group but there was no histological alteration in the arrangement of cells in both control and exposed group. The results of this study suggest that, under the experimental conditions applied, repeated 900 MHz irradiation could modify liver functions.

Alteration in haematological, biochemical and reproductive indices ofRattus norvegicustreated with lambdacyhalothrin

AbstractLambdacyhalothrin (LCT), a type II pyrethroid pesticide, is an efficacious pesticide. Its use in the environment has increased tremendously. Acute and chronic toxic effects of LCT were evaluated in male Rattus norvegicus. Lethal doses (LD) were determined and chronic effects on haematological and biochemical indices, sperm count, motility and morphology and histology of testes were evaluated using 5, 10, 20 and 40% of 96 h LD50. The 96 h LD50 value obtained for treated rats was 9.625 mg/kg bw. A significant reduction in values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell count was observed. Marked effects on haematological indices were at 1.925 and 3.850 mg/kg bw as the period of evaluation increased. Increase in mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin with slight variations in rats treated with 1.925 and 3.850 mg/kg bw indicates macrocytic anaemia. Increased serum glucose and cholesterol levels were observed, while a significant reduction in total protein and globulin was dose-depende...

Correlation of Apgar Score with Asphyxial Hepatic Injury and Mortality in Newborns: A Prospective Observational Study From India.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study is to determine the correlation of Apgar score with asphyxial hepatic injury and neonatal mortality in moderately and severely asphyxiated newborns.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis is a secondary analysis of our prospective observational case-controlled study. Sixteen neonates with severe birth asphyxia (five-minute Apgar ≤3) were compared with either 54 moderate asphyxia neonates (five-minute Apgar >3) or 30 normal neonates. Liver function tests were measured on postnatal days 1, 3, and 10 in the study and control groups. Neonatal mortality was observed in the study and control population.RESULTSCorrelation of Apgar score in severely asphyxiated neonates compared with normal Apgar score neonates and moderately asphyxiated neonates for deranged hepatic function showed significant correlation (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, 95% CI 3.26–5.84, P = 0.01 and OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.94–3.32, P = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total bilirubin on day 1 and serum LDH at age of 10th postnatal life in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared to moderately asphyxiated neonates, whereas there was a significant decrease in total bilirubin and serum albumin on day 3 in severely asphyxiated neonates. There was a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase, serum LDH, and total bilirubin on day 1, serum aspartate transaminase, serum LDH, and total bilirubin on day 3, and International Normalized Ratio on day 10 of postnatal life when severely asphyxiated neonates were compared with normal neonates. There was a significant reduction in total protein and serum albumin on day 1 and direct bilirubin on day 3 in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared with normal neonates. There was a significant increase in neonatal mortality in severely asphyxiated neonates when compared to the other two groups. Correlation of Apgar score in severely asphyxiated neonates compared with normal Apgar score neonates and moderately asphyxiated neonates for neonatal mortality showed significant correlation (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.42–3.04, P = 0.03 and OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.64–2.02, P = 0.04, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe severity of hepatic dysfunction correlates well with increasing severity of asphyxia. The neonatal mortality also showed good correlation with Apgar score in our study, although we need a large multicentric trial to confirm our observations. Apgar score combined with hepatic dysfunction can be used as a prognostication marker for neonatal mortality.

Sulcus fluid bone marker levels and the outcome of surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis

To analyse change in selected bone markers in peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) sampled before treatment and after 12 months and test correlation with change in disease progression. Peri-implant sulcus fluid was sampled from 32 patients in a randomized, clinical study comparing peri-implant defect re-construction with or without porous titanium granules. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 levels were measured using the Quantikine Human Total MMP-8 (DMP800) ELISA. Multianalyte profiling of the level of bone markers [interleukin-6, osteprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, leptin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin and insulin] was performed by Luminex using Human Bone Panel IB. Changes in bone marker levels were compared and correlation with clinical findings was tested. No differences in clinical parameter or bone marker levels between test and control group were found. When comparing bone marker levels irrespective of treatment allocation between baseline and 12 months, a significant reduction in total protein, matrix metalloproteinase -8, interleukin-6, OPG, leptin and adiponectin were demonstrated. Positive correlations were found between the reduction in interleukin-6 (r = 0.43), insulin (r = 0.38) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (r = 0.47) concentration, and probing pocket depth reduction. Peri-implantitis surgical treatment induced some reduction of the studied bone markers. Conclusive evidence for correlation between change in bone marker concentrations with disease resolution was not found.

Clinical Study on Egyptian Cattle Affected With Recent Isolate of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus SAT2/2012

Foot and mouth disease is one of the economically important viral diseases of cattle resulting in high mortalities in young calves and reduction of production in adult animals. Egypt was endemic with serotypes O and A till march 2012 outbreak where serotype SAT2/2012 was isolated and resulted in high mortalities in young calves and adult cattle. Our study was carried out during 2012 FMD outbreak on 22 adult cattle with clinical picture suggesting FMD infection. Saliva, tongue epithelium and vesicular fluids were collected from clinically affected animals and FMD serotype SAT2/2012 was isolated from all animals. Hematological and biochemical examination was carried out on affected animals and revealed that, there's significant reduction in total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and calcium. CPK level was increased in 3 samples out of 22 samples which is an indication of the degenerative effect of SAT2/2012 on the myocardium. Postmortem and histopathological examinations were carried out on the heart of died adult animals and compared with the heart of young calves died from FMD during 2012 outbreak. There's grayish white small foci of necrosis present mainly at heart base, these areas were friable and appeared as cooked and pale. There's hyaline degeneration and zenker's necrosis of some myocytes. There were myolysis and complete disappearance of some myocytes with presence of large numbers of mononuclear cells infiltration.

Evaluation of Extractants and Precipitants in Tear Film Proteomic Analyses

To determine the efficiency of several protein extraction or precipitation treatments used in proteomic analyses. Tear samples were taken from each eye of 40 normal subjects using glass microcapillaries. Tear volume was measured followed by storage at -86°C. Lotrafilcon B contact lenses were fitted and worn for 14 days, followed by removal and storage at -86°C. Tear samples from each eye within a subject were randomly assigned to either one of four chemical treatments (acetone, trichloroacetic acid, urea, and trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile [TFA/ACN]) or no chemical treatment in groups of 10. Contact lens samples were subjected to the same treatments as tear samples for each subject, with a second treatment preceding the first. Protein concentrations were quantified by Bradford assay. For tear samples, a significant reduction in total protein was observed when subjected to any of the four treatments studied compared with those samples left untreated. A positive relationship was noted between protein concentration and tear volume for treated, untreated, and combined tear samples. For contact lens samples, there was a significant reduction in the amount of deposited protein removed when comparing acetone, trichloroacetic acid, and urea with TFA/ACN. A second extraction from contact lenses assigned to the urea and TFA/ACN groups yielded a significant amount of additional protein compared with the amount removed initially. Tear samples subjected to any of the evaluated chemical treatments provided significantly less protein than untreated samples. For contact lenses, TFA/ACN extraction provided the highest yield of available protein out of the four treatments evaluated.

Altered Biochemical Parameters in the Saliva of Patients with Breast Cancer

Saliva plays an important role in the protection of oral cavity and alterations in either salivary flow rate or protein composition may have dramatic effects on oral health. Prevention and management of oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy will improve oral function and quality of life, and reduce morbidity and the cost of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the saliva of patients with breast cancer biochemically and cytologically and compare with healthy controls. Accordingly, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein, salivary flow rate, and pH levels were measured in the saliva samples obtained from 20 breast cancer patients and 11 healthy individuals. Tissue factor (TF) is a major regulator of normal hemostasis and thrombosis, and TF activity of saliva samples was evaluated. Under the conditions used, patients with breast cancer present a significant reduction in total protein, pH and LPO levels. Salivary TF activity was higher in breast cancer patients than that in control subjects, but the degree of increase was not statistically significant. In addition, the analysis of saliva samples by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the retarded mobility of the 66-kDa proteins and the increased proteins of about 36 kDa in the patient group. Some patients with breast cancer had increased number of leucocytes. Importantly, dysplastic cells and yeast cells were detected only in saliva samples of cancer patients. Decreased salivary LPO may be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer.

Changes in Erythrocyte Membrane Glycoproteins During Oral Cancer

Quantitative and qualitative changes in erythrocyte membrance glycoproteins during oral cancer before and after radiotherapy, were investigated in one hundred patients and compared with their normal counter parts. Quantitatively total protein and protein bound total carbohydrates (neutral sugars) in the glycoprotein extracted from the erythrocyte membrane were estimated. It showed significant reduction in total protein and protein bound total carbohydrates in cancer patients before radiotherapy. However, after the complete course of radiation there was further reduction in total protein by 23.17% and increase in total carbohydrates by 5.91%. Qualitatively, the studies reveal the appearance and disappearance of sugar before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy. The studies could be helpful in knowing the susceptibility to cancer.

Changes in erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins during leukaemia.

Changes in erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins during, leukaemia were investigated in one hundred patients. Control group contained normal ones. The total protein and protein bound total carbohydrates (neutral sugars) in the glycoproteins extracted from the erythrocyte membrane showed significant reduction in total protein and protein bound total carbohydrates before radiotherapy. However, after the radiotherapy there was further reduction in total protein by 10.41% whereas there was increase in total carbohydrates by 9.98%. Qualitative analysis reveals that with the help of lectins one can pin point the sugars which appear or disappear due to leukaemia. The test could be of a diagnostic value.

The physiological effects of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infections on returning post-smolt sea trout (Salmo truttaL.) in western Ireland, 1996

The physiological impact and pathological effect of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837), on wild sea trout Salmo trutta L., was investigated in 10 rivers in Western Ireland. No skin damage was apparent on fish with mobile pre-adult and adult lice, but severe fin erosion was recorded in many of the fish that were infected with chalimus stages. The attached copepodid and chalimus stages of the parasite did not reduce the physiological performance of the sea trout although there was a significant reduction in total protein, serum albumin and cholesterol in fish with mobile stages compared with fish with attached stages only and fish with no lice. This may reflect the feeding history of the fish, as most of the fish with mobile lice were from the same area, or the physiological effects of lice infections may be stage-specific.