Significant Reduction In Body Weight Research Articles

Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): an antihypertensive nutritional approach

BackgroundObesity is accompanied by hormonal, inflammatory and endothelial alterations. These alterations induce a stimulation of several other mechanisms that contribute to the hypertensive state and to increase the cardiovascular morbidity. This pilot, open - label, single- center, prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of very low- calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on blood pressure (BP) in women with of obesity and hypertension.MethodsA total of 137 women, who met the inclusion criteria and accepted to adhere to VLCKD, were consecutively enrolled. Assessment of anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and waist circumference), body composition (through bioelectrical impedance analysis), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood sample collection were carried out at baseline and after 45 days of the active phase of VLCKD.ResultsAfter VLCKD all the women experienced a significant reduction in body weight and an overall improvement of body composition parameters. In addition, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs- CRP) levels were significantly diminished (p < 0.001), while phase angle (PhA) increased by almost 9% (p < 0.001). Interestingly, both SBP and DBP were significantly improved (-12.89% and − 10.77%, respectively; p < 0.001). At baseline, SBP and DBP showed statistically significant correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hs-CRP levels, PhA, total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), Na / K ratio, and fat mass. Even after VLCKD, all correlations among SBP and DBP with the study variables were statistically significant, except for the association between DBP and Na / K ratio. Changes (%) in both SBP and DBP were associated with ∆BMI%, ∆PhA% and ∆hs- CRP levels (p < 0.001). In addition, only ∆SBP% was associated with ∆waist circumference (p = 0.017), ∆TBW (p = 0.017), and ∆fat mass (p < 0.001); while only ∆DBP% was associated with ∆ECW (p = 0.018), and ∆Na / K ratio (p = 0.048). After adjusting for ∆BMI, ∆WC, ∆PhA, ∆TBW, and ∆fat mass, the correlation between changes in ∆SBP and ∆hs -CRP levels remained statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the correlation between ∆DBP and ∆hs- CRP levels also remained statistically significant after adjustment for ∆BMI, ∆PhA, ∆Na / K ratio, and ∆ECW (p < 0.001). From multiple regression analysis ∆hs- CRP levels seemed to be the main predictor of changes of BP (p < 0.001).ConclusionVLCKD reduces BP in women with of obesity and hypertension in a safely manner.

Lifestyle modification in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A clinical case

The article presents a clinical case of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a female patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and morbid obesity. A 38-year-old woman came to the clinic with complaints of heartburn up to 5–6 times a day, other manifestations of pain and dyspeptic syndromes. Morbid obesity, refractory GERD with erosive esophagitis, and hepatic steatosis were diagnosed during follow-up examination. A set of treatment measures was developed, which included lifestyle modification, proton pump inhibitors and ursodeoxycholic acid preparations. During the observation period of 16 months, a gradual decrease in body weight was accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of heartburn. As a result, the patient lost 49kg. During the control instrumental examination, a positive trend was observed in terms of sonographic and endoscopic indicators, as well as a decrease in liver stiffness according to elastography data. A review of the literature on the correlation between obesity, steatosis and reflux disease is given. Conclusion. Obesity and related fatty liver disease can be additional factors for the development of refractory GERD, and a significant reduction in body weight leads to both resolution of reflux disease and improvement of parameters characterizing the structural state of the liver.

Moderate Walking Enhances the Effects of an Energy-Restricted Diet on Fat Mass Loss and Serum Insulin in Overweight and Obese Adults in a 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIncreased physical activity may be advantageous for weight loss. ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of an energy-restricted diet with and without moderate walking on body weight, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and endocrine and cardiometabolic risk variables in overweight and obese participants. MethodsA 12-wk, randomized, 2-arm, parallel, controlled, energy-restricted (500–800 kcal/d) dietary intervention study was conducted in 82 men and women [mean baseline characteristics: age, 39.4 y; weight, 99.3 kg; body mass index (in kg/m2), 31.9]. Participants were divided into 2 groups. One group received a hypoenergetic diet (DI) only (n = 44). The second group received the same DI and participated in a regular walking program of 2.5 h/wk (DI + walking; n = 38). ResultsAfter the 12-wk intervention, body weight was significantly decreased in the DI + walking group and the DI group (−8.8 compared with −7.0 kg, P = 0.064 for intergroup differences). The decrease in body weight was accompanied by a significant reduction in total fat mass, which was significantly more pronounced in the DI + walking group than in the DI group (−6.4 ± 3.1 compared with −4.8 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.020). REE after 12 wk was not significantly different compared with the baseline REE. Diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were similarly significantly improved by both interventions. In the DI + walking group, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were also significantly reduced. Serum free triiodothyronine was significantly decreased and serum cortisol was significantly increased in both groups. ConclusionParticipation in a 12-wk weight-loss study resulted in significant reductions in body weight and fat mass and was associated with significant improvements in biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk. Moderate weight loss was not accompanied by a reduction in REE. Additional moderate walking enhanced the effects of a DI on fat loss and serum insulin. This trial was registered at www.germanctr.de/ and http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/ as DRKS00006827.

Metabolic and Body Composition Changes in Ice Hockey Players Using an Ergogenic Drug (Cytoflavin).

In ice hockey, the major physical workload comes from acceleration in all planes of motion and transitions between skating trajectories. Hockey players' anthropometric characteristics correlate with performance. In team sports, the use of ergogenic drugs for recovery is relevant to avoid athletes' overtraining. It is very important to protect athletes' health and allow them to maintain high-performance levels. Cytoflavin is an ergogenic drug whose action is based on the combined effects of its active ingredients (succinic acid, inosine, nicotinamide and riboflavin), which are naturally occurring metabolites that stimulate tissue respiration. The study aimed to assess the 6-week Cytoflavin consumption effects on body composition (body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and bioimpedance phase angle) and aerobic performance. This study included 60 male professional hockey players (aged 19 to 36 years) divided into two groups of 30 subjects: group I (body weight 87.90 ± 7.44 kg, BMI 25.86 ± 2.04 kg/m2) and group II (body weight 87.04 ± 6.22 kg, BMI 25.52 ± 2.38 kg/m2). Athletes in group I received Cytoflavin, whereas athletes in group II did not. In group I, statistically significant reductions in body weight and body mass index were not observed until 14 and 35 days, respectively. In contrast, in group II, both body weight and BMI significantly decreased both times. Aerobic performance significantly increased in both groups, with significantly greater increases in group I. Cytoflavin can be considered an ergogenic drug that improves body composition parameters, especially in the control of weight reduction and improvement in aerobic performance.

Dietary Methionine and Total Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction in Healthy Adults.

Dietary restriction of methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) delays the aging process and aging-related diseases, improves glucose and fat metabolism and reduces oxidative stress in numerous laboratory animal models. Little is known regarding the effects of sulfur amino acid restriction in humans. Thus, our objectives were to determine the impact of feeding diets restricted in Met alone (MetR) or in both Met and Cys (total sulfur amino acids, SAAR) to healthy adults on relevant biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk. A controlled feeding study. We included 20 healthy adults (11 females/9 males) assigned to MetR or SAAR diet groups consisting of three 4-wk feeding periods: Control period; low level restriction period (70% MetR or 50% SAAR); and high level restriction period (90% MetR or 65% SAAR) separated by 3-4-wk washout periods. No adverse effects were associated with either diet and level of restriction and compliance was high in all subjects. SAAR was associated with significant reductions in body weight and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, uric acid, leptin, and insulin, BUN, and IGF-1, and increases in body temperature and plasma FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). Fewer changes occurred with MetR including significant reductions in BUN, uric acid and 8-isoprostane and an increase in FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). In the 65% SAAR group, plasma Met and Cys levels were significantly reduced by 15% and 13% respectively (P<0.05). These results suggest that many of the short-term beneficial effects of SAAR observed in animal models are translatable to humans and support further clinical development of this intervention.

Consequences of post-weaning sleep deprivation on behaviour and oxidative stress parameters in rat plasma and brain.

Sleep is essential for health: Adequate sleep is essential for healthy development and sleep deprivation results in several consequences. Indeed, sleep deprivation early in life is associated with poor behaviour and cognition, as well as impaired mental and physical health. Preclinical studies have shown that sleep deprivation alters several physiological functions later in life such as the cardiovascular, immune and endocrine systems, resulting in altered oxidative states. Most of the preclinical literature is focused on adult animals, and little is known about oxidative alterations during development, especially in the context of sleep deprivation. Hence, we adapted a classic and well-documented model of sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation using multiple platforms, for juvenile rats and explored central and peripheral oxidative parameters, as well as the behavioural consequences of sleep deprivation post-weaning. We showed that 96 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation induced a significant reduction in body weight, decreased sucrose preference-a behaviour suggestive of anhedonia-and increased glucose and decreased cholesterol in the plasma. In the brain, we observed a decrease in reduced glutathione levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in the hypothalamus, indicating oxidative damage in these regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that paradoxical sleep deprivation during development induces anhedonic behaviour and promotes central and peripheral alterations in oxidative parameters.

Effects of a Diet Containing Sources of Prebiotics and Probiotics and Modification of the Gut Microbiota on the Reduction of Body Fat.

In 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in the WHO European Region, affecting almost 60% of adults. Based on the assessment of BMI (Body Mass Index), a group of 56 women aged 25-45 years (31 women group A average BMI 34.9 ± 4.86 kg/m2 and 25 women group B average BMI 33.4 ± 4.02 kg/m2) were qualified for the study. In a multi-center, two-arm, parallel, non-randomized study, two types of weight-reduction diets (A and B) were used over a 3-month period. In group A, a standard low-energy diet was used with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100-1300 kcal, with an increase in the amount and frequency of consumption of sauerkraut and groats and a daily intake of fermented milk drinks (300-400 g), fermented cucumbers (100 g), mineral water (1 L) and cod liver oil (5 mL). In group B, a standard low-energy diet with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100-1300 kcal with daily intake of fermented milk products (150 g), highly mineralized water (0.5 L), once a week fermented cucumbers, and once a week buckwheat groats was used. The following measurements were taken: body weight, body fat mass, water content, body height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Body weight and body composition were measured using the Tanita MC-780 MA and TANITA BC-601 analyzer using the bioelectric bioimpedance method. The stool samples were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory where quantification of Bifidobcaterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, Akkermansia muciniphila and total bacterial count (TBC) was performed. Under the influence of the introduced nutritional intervention, a statistically significant reduction in body weight, body fat, waist circumference, and hip circumference was demonstrated after 3 months. Under the influence of weight reduction, as well as dietary changes, there was an increase in the number of Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria in the women studied. The low-energy diet containing sources of natural prebiotics and probiotics had a more favorable effect on the number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii bacteria compared to the standard diet.

The protective role of adiponectin in restoring spermatogenesis in mice fed on methionine-choline deficient diet

Introduction and Aim: The process of spermatogenesis requires a continuous supply of nutrients for producing normal sperms. Methionine and choline are considered important amino acids in transport of energy substrates, redox balance, and in DNA methylation while the protein adiponectin is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of methionine and choline on mice testis when fed with a methionine choline deficient diet (MCDD) as well as the protective effect of adiponectin on mice testis. Materials and Methods: This study comprised of 25 mice, which were divided into three groups: Control (n=5); M1 (n=10 that were fed with MCDD for three weeks) and M2 (n=10 that were fed with MCDD for three weeks and in the third week were administered with daily injections of adiponectin for one week). Results: The present study revealed MCDD caused a significant reduction in body weight and increase in the incidence of apoptosis where P value was 0.001; caspase-3 expression was higher than that of Bcl2 in group M1. Adiponectin therapy in the last week showed the potential to restore body weight, reduce apoptotic rate, and the expression of Bcl2 which was higher than that of caspase-3. Conclusion: A diet lacking in methionine and choline not only significantly reduced body weight in mice, but also increased the apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells. Adiponectin therapy in MCDD fed mice reduced the apoptotic rate and restored spermatogenesis.

Comparison of protective effects of hesperetin and pectolinarigenin on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in Golden Syrian hamsters.

A comparative study was conducted to determine whether hesperetin and pectolinarigenin could lower total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced high lipid model in Golden Syrian hamsters. 48 Golden Syrian hamsters (8 weeks old) were fed with a HFD for 15 days. HFD induced significant increases in plasma TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. Then, these high lipid hamsters were divided into four groups and were administered with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), hesperetin (100 mg/kg/day), pectolinarigenin (100 mg/kg/day) or atorvastatin (1.0 mg/kg/day), for 7 weeks. It was found that pectolinarigenin treatment resulted in significant reductions in body weight, adiposity index, serum levels of TC, TG and hepatic TC, TG and free fatty acid compared to those in control hamsters with hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). However, hesperetin treatment only caused reductions in plasma TC and hepatic TG levels. Besides, the hamsters treated with pectolinarigenin showed a relatively normal hepatic architecture compared to the hepatic steatosis shown in the control group. Moreover, the expressions of fatty-acid synthase (Fasn) and solute carrier family 27 member 1 (Slc27a1) involved in lipid biosynthesis, were suppressed in the pectolinarigenin-treated groups, and the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a) involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased in the pectolinarigenin-treated group. Taken together, these results suggest pectolinarigenin exerts stronger protective effects against hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis than hesperetin, which may involve the inhibition of lipid uptake and biosynthesis.

Mini/one anastomosis gastric bypass in an obese depressive patient

Introduction. There is a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, especially depression, in patients who are preparing for metabolic operations. Mini/one anastomosis gastric bypass (MGB/OAGB) is a bariatric operation with the possibility of complete restoration of the digestive tract or ?tailoring? of a biliopancreatic limb if the patient regains weight. We present an obese patient with depression who underwent the first MGB/OAGB in Serbia with a follow-up period of one year. Case outline. An obese patient with a body weight of 144 kilograms and a body mass index (BMI) of 46.8 kg/m2 and depression as an accompanying comorbidity underwent MGB/OAGB with a follow-up period of one year. The operation was performed using the inventor?s technique in his presence and the recovery was uneventful. The patient completely stopped taking psychiatric or any other therapy, with no difficulties, and full occupational and social recovery. After the follow-up period, he has lost 49 kg, BMI = 30. 9 kg/m2, and the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) has been 73.1%. Conclusion. In psychiatric obese patients, a metabolic procedure should be carefully selected. MGB/ OAGB proved to be a successful bariatric procedure in our patient, leading to remission of depression and discontinuation of psychiatric therapy, as well as to a significant reduction in body weight in the period of one year after surgery.

A histological investigation of the influence of Naringin on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats

A study was conducted to examine the protective effects of naringin (NRG) on renal tissues of rats, specifically against acetaminophen (ACN)-induced damage. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study, divided into four groups. The first group (group I) was administered 1 ml/kg of saline orally, serving as the control group. The second group received 2g/kg of ACN on the first day. The third group received a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 40 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight consecutive days. Lastly, the fourth group was given a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 80 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight days. The rats were then euthanized and their kidneys were removed after they had been anesthetized for blood collection. The ACN-induced renal damage was characterized by significant reductions in body weight, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Additionally, there were significant increases in kidney weight, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, malondialdehyde enzyme (MAD), and histopathological alterations. The study demonstrated that NRG treatment at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. effectively reduced renal toxicity and oxidative damage induced by ACN. The effectiveness of these improvements was demonstrated by the noticeable increase in body weight, elevated levels of SOD and CAT, as well as the reduction in kidney weight, CR, BUN, SUA, and MAD levels. As a result of these findings, NRG is confirmed to have antioxidant properties and be capable of protecting rats from renal toxicity caused by ACN.

Identification and nutritive value of forages in grazing land consumed by Kuantan cattle in Benai District, Kuantan Singingi Regency

This study investigated the effects of egg storage duration prior to incubation on performances of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch. A total of 100 day-old-chicks were distributed among 20 experimental units, each representing a different egg storage duration before incubation (1, 4, 7, and 10 days) with five replicates. There were five birds of each replicate totaling 25 birds per treatment. The variables examined in this study included the growth performance of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch, specifically the initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio, and water conversion ratio. The findings of the study revealed that egg storage duration prior to incubation did not significantly affect (P&gt;0.05) feed intake, water intake, and water conversion ratio. Storing eggs for up to 4 days did not result in any adverse effects (P&gt;0.05) on initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. However, eggs stored for 7 days or longer exhibited a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in initial body weight, final body weight, and body weight gain. Additionally, a notable increased (P&lt;0.05) in feed conversion ratio observed for eggs stored for 10 days. In conclusion, the hatching eggs of Arab Chickens can be safely stored for up to 4 days without any detrimental effect on their performance during the first week post-hatch.

PS-C17-2: STUDY OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF ORAL SEMAGLUTIDE, GLP 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST

Objective: Semaglutide, a GLP1 receptor agonist for diabetes mellitus, has been reported to not only improve blood glucose and body weight, but also to lower blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral semaglutide on blood pressure. Methods: We compared blood pressure, body weight, and HbA1c before, one month after, and three months after semaglutide administration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the first author's outpatient clinic who were started on the oral formulation of semaglutide. We selected the patients for study who were administrated oral semaglutide formulations as new additions to previous therapy or conversions from other oral diabetes medications, and those converted from injectable GLP1 receptor agonists were excluded. Results: Baseline clinical characteristics of the subjects were 12 (10 men, 2 women), age 57.9 ± 9.8 years, weight 94.9 ± 16.1 kg, blood pressure 147.9 ± 14.3/84.3 ± 6.0 mmHg, HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.6%. Systolic blood pressure was 138.5 ± 11.8 mmHg for 1 month after treatment and 136.6 ± 9.3 mmHg for 3 months after treatment, showing a significant decrease compared to before treatment (p &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, HbA1c and body weight significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) to 6.9 ± 0.9% and 92.2 ± 16.6 kg, respectively, after 3 months of treatment, but no significant change was observed after 1 month of treatment. No significant correlation was observed among the changes in HbA1c and body weight and systolic blood pressure at 1 and 3 months. Conclusions: Significant reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure were observed with the oral formulation of the GLP1 receptor agonist semaglutide. The decrease in systolic blood pressure was preceded by a decrease in HbA1c and body weight.

Effects of egg storage duration prior to incubation on performances of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch

This study investigated the effects of egg storage duration prior to incubation on performances of Arab Chickens during the first week posthatch. A total of 100 day-old-chicks were distributed among 20 experimental units, each representing a different egg storage duration before incubation (1, 4, 7, and 10 days) with five replicates. There were five birds of each replicate totaling 25 birds per treatment. The variables examined in this study included the growth performance of Arab Chickens during the first week post-hatch, specifically the initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio, and water conversion ratio. The findings of the study revealed that egg storage duration prior to incubation did not significantly affect (P&gt;0.05) feed intake, water intake, and water conversion ratio. Storing eggs for up to 4 days did not result in any adverse effects (P&gt;0.05) on initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. However, eggs stored for 7 days or longer exhibited a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in initial body weight, final body weight, and body weight gain. Additionally, a notable increased (P&lt;0.05) in feed conversion ratio observed for eggs stored for 10 days. In conclusion, the hatching eggs of Arab Chickens can be safely stored for up to 4 days without any detrimental effect on their performance during the first week post-hatch.

Assessing effects of diet alteration on selected parameters of chronically mentally ill residents of a 24-hour Nursing Home. Part 2. Effects of nutritional changes on anthropometric parameters and composition of the body.

The study was aimed at finding out whether, and how, changes in dietary habits would be reflected in anthropometric parameters and body composition. Anthropometric measurements (Martin's technique) were taken on 52 chronically mentally ill patients, twice: before and a year after diet correction. The patients' body composition was examined, directly after the measurements, by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) in tetragonal arrangement, using a Bodystat ®1500MDD device. Changes in dietary habits were reflected in a significant reduction of body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in schizophrenic women; WHR in men with other diseases increased significantly. BMI analysis showed an increase in the percentage of normal-weight schizophrenic women and men, a decrease in the proportion of underweight women and men, and an increase in the proportion of individuals with normal weight suffering from other diseases. Both groups showed beneficial changes in body composition (increased content and percentage of fatless body weight and water, reduced content and percentage of fat tissue). These changes were statistically significant only in men suffering from other diseases and concerned the increased content of fatless body weight. Changes in dietary habits enhanced body weight reduction in overweight and obese individuals and resulted in desired changes in BMI, WHR, and body composition. The body fat content was distinctly reduced, with no concurrent changes in the fatless body weight and/or water content. Changes in dietary habits were beneficial for the nutritional status of undernourished patients or those with low body weight.

Tirzepatide versus semaglutide for weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A value for money analysis.

Higher doses of the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist semaglutide and, more recently, tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist showed a significant reduction in body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, their comparative value for money for this indication is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to establish which provides better value for money. We calculated the cost needed to treat to achieve a 1% reduction in body weight using high-dose tirzepatide (15 mg) versus semaglutide (2.4mg). The body weight reductions were extracted from published results of SURMOUNT-1 and STEP 1 trials, respectively. In addition, we performed a scenario analysis to mitigate the primary differences between the two study populations. Drug costs were based on US GoodRx prices as of October 2022. Using tirzepatide resulted in a weight loss of 17.8% (95% CI: 16.3%-19.3%) compared with 12.4% (95% CI: 11.5%-13.4%) for semaglutide. The total cost of 72 weeks of tirzepatide was estimated at $17 527 compared with $22 878 for 68 weeks of semaglutide. Accordingly, the cost needed to treat per 1% of body weight reduction with tirzepatide is estimated at $985 (95% CI: $908-$1075) compared with $1845 (95% CI: $1707-$1989) with semaglutide. Scenario analysis confirmed these findings. Tirzepatide provides better value for money than semaglutide for weight reduction.

Is time-restricted eating (8/16) beneficial for body weight and metabolism of obese and overweight adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a new therapeutic strategy for the management of weight loss and dysmetabolic diseases. At present, TRE (8/16, 8h eating:16 h fasting) is the most common form of TRE. Therefore, this meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TRE (8/16) in overweight and obese adults to determine its impact on body weight and metabolism. Articles reviewed from PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register for the relevant RCTs that compared TRE (8/16) to non-TRE in overweight and obese adults. Eight RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Participants following TRE (8/16) showed significant body weight reduction (mean difference [MD]: -1.48 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.53 to -0.44) and fat mass reduction (MD: -1.09 kg, 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.63). There was no significant difference in lean mass change with TRE intervention (MD: -0.48 kg, 95% CI: -1.02 to 0.05, p=.08, I 2=41%). The energy restriction and early TRE (eTRE) subgroups resulted in greater weight loss. TRE (8/16) showed beneficial effects on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, MD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.06), but had no significant effect on other parameters of glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. In conclusion, TRE (8/16), especially eTRE, or in combination with caloric intake restriction, is a potential therapeutic strategy for weight control in overweight and obese adults. TRE (8/16) also reduced HOMA-IR; therefore, it may have a positive effect on glucose metabolism.

Health football beats them all: subgroup analysis of the 3F (Fit&Fun with Football) study on white-coat hypertension, sustained hypertension, dippers, nondippers, and on pharmacologically un(treated) arterial hypertension.

The 3F study (Fit&Fun with Football) demonstrated a significant reduction in blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, body weight, stress and depression through health football. Health football could be a popular tool to unleash the full preventive potential of physical activity. This work analyses the effect of health football on hypertensive subgroups: dipper, nondipper, white-coat hypertension (WCH), sustained hypertension, (un)treated hypertensive patients (UH, TH). A prospective interventional study with 1-year follow-up. Football group (FG): n = 103, 'health'-football training (1×/week, 90 min) led by licensed football coaches. Physical inactive, hypertensive patients older than 45 years were compared with a control group (CG) ( n = 105). Subgroups were divided by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), casual blood pressure (CBP), medication schedule and compared by blood pressure (BP), laboratory results and weight. In all three subgroups (WCH vs. sustained hypertension, TH vs. UH, D vs. ND), health football reduced BP and weight significantly compared with the CG, and compared with the admission. An even greater effect in CBP was found in people with WCH than in sustained hypertension (FG: WCH: 141-127 mmHg, sustained Hypertension (SH): 142-132 mmHg; CG: WCH: 141-143 mmHg, SH: 140-141 mmHg). In contrast, the significant reduction in CBP and ABPM was comparable in treated and untreated patients, although antihypertensive drugs were reduced significantly more frequently in FG than in CG. BP reduction in nondippers and dippers was also comparable. In the nondipper group, nocturnal BP was significantly reduced in the FB (122.0-111.5 mmHg), but not in the CG or the dippers. All evaluated football subgroups achieved a significant BP reduction (compared with CG). This applied to dipper, nondipper, (un)treated hypertension, WCH and SH. All mentioned subgroups displayed a clear benefit. The even greater reduction in BP in WCH demonstrates the importance of physical activity before the additional prescription of antihypertensive medications, underscoring the recommendations of the ESC and ISH in WCH.

Very low-calorie ketogenic diet rapidly augments testosterone levels in non-diabetic obese subjects.

The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) represents an opportunity to attain clinically relevant weight loss in obese patients. Functional hypogonadism represents a frequent hormonal disorder associated with obesity and visceral fat accumulation characterised by low testosterone levels and subnormal luteinising hormone (LH) levels. To evaluate the early effects of VLCKD on serum total testosterone (TT) levels in non-diabetic obese patients. Twenty-two obese male patients (mean age 39.3±11.7 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 38.2±6.4kg/m2 ) were enrolled and treated for 28 days with VLCKD. Anthropometric and hormonal variables were assessed before, during and after diet intervention. After 7 and 28 days on a VLCKD, a significant and persistent reduction in body weight, BMI, fat mass, blood glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment index was observed compared with baseline. TT significantly increased after 7 days (+35±64ng/dl) and 28 days (+74±97ng/dl) on a VLCKD. In addition to TT, a significant increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels was observed after 7 (+2.1±4.1) and 28 days (+7.7±10.0). However, both calculated free testosterone and LH did not change after 7 or 28 days of VLCKD. Following cessation of VLCKD, hypogonadal subjects achieved a higher percentage of total weight loss (8.5%±1.5%), a greater reduction in weight (-9.94±1.66kg), fat mass (-7±2.1kg) and waist circumference (-6.31±2.65cm) and a greater improvement in glycaemia (-8.75±10.92mg/dl) as compared with eugonadal subjects. Furthermore, hypogonadal subjects exhibited a trend of higher TT increase (+98.12±71.51ng/dl) as compared with eugonadal subjects. VLCKD results in rapid improvements in TT levels associated with weight loss in male obese non-diabetic subjects, particularly in the presence of obesity-related hypogonadism.

Morphometric parameters of thyroid gland, liver, and kidney on administration of thyroxine followed by Bauhinia Purpurea and Withania somnifera in female albino rats

Background: The use of herbs in traditional medicine is to support thyroid health and their major importance can benefit both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Objective: to study the morphometric parameters of the thyroid, liver, and kidney on administration of thyroxine followed by Bauhinia purpurea and Withania somnifera in animals. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult female Albino rats weighing 150-230 grams were used for the present study. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (No.878/ac/05/CPCSEA/23/11) from Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education &amp; Research (RIPER), Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. The animals were divided into 5 groups and each group consisted of 6 animals. The body weight of the animals and the weight of the organs like the thyroid, liver and kidney were recorded. Results: We observed significant body weight reduction (170.32 + 8.45) in animals treated with thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg b.w) alone group than control group animals (191.36+17.32) in the present study. The body weight was significantly increased (187.72+7.026) in rats treated with thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg b.w) followed by Bauhinia purpurea (150mg) and Withania somnifera (1000mg) when compared with thyroxine alone group (170.32 + 8.45) was noted. The weight of the thyroid gland was significantly reduced(18.13 + 1.12) in rats treated with thyroxine alone (0.5 mg/kg b.w) treated animals than the control group (23.96 + 1.41) in our study. We also noted that, there was a significant increase in the weight of the kidney and weight of the liver in thyroxine alone (0.5 mg/kg b.w) treated group (2.79+ 0.03; 9.14 + 0.13) than control group (2.01+ 0.07; 7.41+ 0.81) in the present study. Conclusion: The thyroxine-alone treated animals showed a significant reduction in the body weight of the animal and thyroid gland compared to other experimental and control groups, whereas liver and kidney weight was significantly increased in thyroxine-alone treated animals than in control and other experimental groups.