Significant Proportion Of Young People Research Articles

Assessing Mukah Community's Readiness Participation in the Ecotourism Industry

Ecotourism is a distinct category within the broader tourism sector. Ecotourism is an excellent option for enhancing local socioeconomic circumstances and generating economic activity that positively impacts the national economy. The involvement of local communities, specifically rural youth communities, in ecotourism activities can offer employment prospects such as serving as nature guides, engaging in business ventures within the ecotourism industry, benefiting from the activities and products of ecotourism, and fostering social connections and local income growth. However, an essential determinant of the effectiveness of tourist development programs is the level of readiness within the community to engage in these ecotourism activities. The objective of this essay is to evaluate the preparedness of the local community in Mukah for the implementation of ecotourism activities. The study was carried out as part of the community program. A total of 62 respondents originated from the surrounding communities of Mukah, Sarawak. The findings indicated that most participants had neither attended nor received any kind of training in nature guiding. Although most respondents initially did not engage in ecotourism activities, a significant number of them showed a newfound interest in becoming nature guides and stated a readiness to pursue relevant courses in the future after enrolling in the program. It indicates that a significant proportion of young people participating in this program had the necessary readiness to engage in local ecotourism initiatives.

Семья и дети в системе ценностей студенческой молодежи

Introduction. This paper is devoted to identifying the role of family and children in the value system of Kaliningrad university students. This aspect is important both in connection with the current demographic situation, as well as with the decision to declare 2024 the Year of the Family in Russia.Materials and methods. In 2023, a survey was conducted among students of Kaliningrad universities, which was attended by 241 people aged 18-24 years. The questionnaire consisted of six “open” questions. Students were asked to give their own definition of the concept of “values”; to name the most significant values; to describe the ideal family model; to determine the role of children in general and in their own life strategies; to explain the reasons for wanting or not wanting to have children. This type of survey was designated as an express interview. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of demographic well-being, according to which demographic processes must be considered simultaneously at the macro and micro levels. In this research, the focus was on the micro level.Results. The study revealed that the majority of respondents perceive values as basic attitudes that define a person’s life, are expressed in spiritual and material things and are passed on to the next generations. The most important values are recognized as family, friendship, money, love, freedom and health. Talking about the ideal family, the survey participants described the relationships they would like to see in the family. Only a few people consider the ideal families in which they grew up and live. The majority of respondents intend to have children in the future, although some make a reservation that there must be appropriate conditions for this. At the same time, a significant proportion of young people were identified who expressed a fundamental reluctance to have children.Discussion. Based on the conducted research, it was revealed that the family is the most significant category in the students’ value system. The ideal is a complete family without financial problems, whose members live in an environment of mutual understanding, support and love. For most respondents, children seem to be a necessary part of the family. Some survey participants expressed unwillingness to perform parental functions. The conducted research has demonstrated the importance of analyzing demographic processes at the micro level, that is, from a human perspective, taking into account his values and life attitudes.

What is day hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa really like? A reflexive thematic analysis of feedback from young people

BackgroundA significant proportion of young people do not respond to the NICE recommended treatment for anorexia nervosa: Family Therapy. Whilst historically these young people would be admitted to inpatient services, which are associated with greater treatment cost, greater risk of relapse, and worse outcome, more recently evidence is building for the effectiveness of day programmes. One day programme that has been found to be effective is the Intensive Treatment Programme (ITP) of the Maudsley Centre for Child & Adolescent Eating Disorders in London, UK. However, to-date no studies have investigated how young people experience such a day programme.MethodAnonymous feedback was completed via online survey by 51 young people over a 5-year period (2018–2023) on discharge from ITP.ResultsFour main themes were identified: (1) Support—young people expressed the importance of boundaries but also of feeling validated, and encouraged; (2) Uniqueness: an experience like no other—ITP was described as different to any other treatment received before (both outpatient and inpatient); (3) Relationships – young people valued connecting with others in a similar situation and reflected that relationships at home changed throughout treatment; (4) Self-development – learning skills, developing independence, and exploring an identity outside of the eating disorder was valued.ConclusionsIt is hoped that the reflections from these young people can help to inform clinicians working in DPs and those hoping to set up novel DPs about key aspects of treatment.

(534) Sexual Patterns and Practices Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract Introduction Young people are potentially likely to engage in risky sexual behavior and this may be worse in the absence of adequate knowledge. These risky sexual behaviors potentially bear grave consequences on their lives and future. Objective The study assessed sexual preferences and practices as well as the knowledge of safe sexual practices and practice of risky sexual behavior among undergraduate students. Methods This is a cross sectional study in which the sexual patterns and practices among undergraduate students were accessed with the aid of a structured tested interviewer administered questionnaire. 751 undergraduate students from four different tertiary educational institution. Information on their demographic characteristics, sexual preference and patterns, knowledge and practices of safe sexual practices and risky sexual behavior were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analyzed with IBM SPSS version 25Descriptive statistics such as: mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, graphs and charts was used to summarize the result. Level of significance set at p<0.05. Results The respondents were young people with ages between 14 to 39years with a mean age of 20.9years. A higher proportion (55.1%) are female and 44.1% are male. Most of the respondents (97%) are single, 2% of were married, and 1% divorced or separated. Of sexual preference, majority of them (83.8%) preferred heterosexual relationship, 14.6% homosexual relationship, and 1.1% consider themselves bisexual. At age 20years, 85.6% of respondents have attained sexual debut. About a quarter (26.6%) have ever engaged in anal sex, 22.9% practice oral sex, 16.5% reported ever having group sex, while only 3.4% always practice anal sex. As many as 88.4% of respondent claimed to have knowledge of safe sex with sources of information comprising of parents, friends, media, health workers, family planning clinics, and community pharmacy store. Media is the largest source of knowledge and family planning contributed the least. Among the sexually active respondents, 33.5% have never used condoms and only 22.9% of them always used condoms. 73.5% of all sexually active respondents were practicing casual sex and a quarter of them (25.2%) engage in alcohol, cocaine or other illicit drug use prior to sexual intercourse. Conclusions A significant proportion of young people have preference for homosexual relations. various forms of potentially risky sexual behaviors are also common among these young people. Their sexual preferences must be respected and they must be provided with adequate knowledge to ensure safe practices. The media in all forms provides a good platform for dissemination of information to at risk young people. Disclosure No

Role of Social Media in Managing Knowledge of the Young Generation in the Sustainability Area

Knowledge plays a significant role in the area of sustainability. It is indispensable for taking the right pro-environmental and pro-social action. One of its sources is social media. The young generation is the largest group of social media users. The aim of this article is to discover whether social media is properly fulfilling its role in managing the sustainability knowledge of the young generation, taking into account the acquisition, collection and development of knowledge, as well as its dissemination and use. To address this issue, the authors conducted a survey on a representative sample of 1100 persons aged 15–24. The survey was quantitative in nature. The research tool constituted a survey form. The CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) technique was used to collect information. The collected data was analysed using mainly exploratory data analysis. Column, bar and line charts were used to visualise the data. The study discovered that social media, although highly popular among young people, makes an insufficient contribution to the management of their knowledge in the area studied. A significant proportion of the young generation rarely or never encounter sustainability content in these media (48.1% on average). On average, 22.7% of young people find this content unattractive. The majority of young people (60% or more) do not read all sustainability messages in detail. Approximately 1/3 of the young generation does not gather or develop knowledge in this area. A significant proportion of young people do not share such knowledge and, even worse, it does not inspire them to take up environmental and pro-social activities. The conclusions of the study and the solutions proposed by the authors can contribute to a better use of social media in the management of the young generation’s sustainability knowledge.

Proportion and characteristics of young people in a first-episode psychosis clinic who first attended an at-risk mental state service or other specialist youth mental health service

BackgroundServices for young people identified as having an ‘at-risk mental state’ (ARMS) aim to prevent transition to first-episode psychosis (FEP), in addition, early intervention services for other mental health disorders have also been developed. The aim of the current study was to determine the proportion of young people attending a specialist FEP service who had been referred via other early intervention clinics, including an ARMS clinic, and compare the characteristics to those who presented directly to the FEP service. MethodsWe included young people diagnosed with FEP who received treatment at Orygen between 01.01.2012 and 31.12.2016. We examined rates of direct entry to the First Episode Psychosis service and rates from other early intervention services, specifically ARMS, personality disorders, mood disorders and a primary care youth mental health service clinics. Results1138 young people were diagnosed with a FEP, of whom 13.7% first attended an ARMS clinic and a further 7.6% attended other youth mental health services. Individuals who first presented to an ARMS clinic were more likely to be female, younger, and less likely to be migrants or use substances. Rates of both voluntary and involuntary hospital admissions were significantly reduced for young people who transitioned from the ARMS clinic, the personality disorder clinic or the primary care service compared to those who presented directly with FEP. ConclusionsA significant proportion of young people with FEP initially attended another specialist youth mental health service, and importantly, they had much lower rates of hospital admission at the time of transition to FEP.

Psychological distress and parental involvement among adolescents in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: A population-based study

BackgroundAdolescents with mental illnesses account for a significant proportion of young people globally. Mental illness is a major public health problem because of its harmful effects on adolescents’ development. There is a need to better understand the prevalence and protective factors regarding adolescents’ psychological distress to inform policies for effective prevention. MethodsWe used data from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys between 2009 and 2017. The data were collected through anonymous self-report questionnaires. This report is based on four questions assessing psychological distress and three questions assessing parental involvement. We calculated the pooled overall and regional estimates by random-effects meta-analysis. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between psychological distress and parental involvement. The association between adolescents’ psychological distress and a country's purchasing power parity (PPP) was examined by linear regression analysis. ResultsWe included 167,484 young adolescents (boys, 47.3%; girls, 52.7%) in low-income and middle-income countries. The overall prevalence rates of psychological distress (loneliness, insomnia due to anxiety, suicidal ideation, and no close friends) were 10.7%, 9.1%, 13.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. A high level of parental involvement was associated with good mental health. The relationships of PPP with loneliness and insomnia due to anxiety were positive, but the relationships of PPP with the other two aspects were negative. LimitationsThe cross-sectional data do not infer causality between psychological distress and parental involvement. ConclusionsThis study indicated that high levels of parental involvement were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of psychological distress. In addition, PPP was also related to psychological distress. Specifically, PPP was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of not having close friends.

Class solidarity of working youth in the service sector

The purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of the class self-awareness and solidarity formation among the new working class youth occupied in the service sector of the economy. The main tasks include revealing the correlation between the traditional content and forms of class solidarity of workers and their manifestations among the new working class youth; substantiating the use of a class approach to the analysis of the problems of young people employed in the service sector of the economy; and revealing the contradictions between the class interests and corporate habitus of the young customer service workers. The research methodology is grounded in the traditional institutional approach adopted in Russian sociology. This article is based on the materials of an empirical study using quantitative and qualitative sociological methods: a mass survey of working-class youth in the Ural Federal District (a target multistage sample model according to four objective criteria: age, gender, place of residence, and employment). Additionally, a biographical interview was conducted, the informants of which are employed in the real sector of the economy and the service sector. The results have revealed that a new working class is being formed in modern Russia, a significant part of which is employed in the service sector of the economy. The active formation of the sphere of customer service reflects the global patterns of the traditional working class tranformation. In the service sector, in contrast to the traditional working class, a significant proportion of young people lack the experience of the class solidarity of previous generations. A new generation of young workers is shaping their own experience of class solidarity in the face of conflicting demands of corporate culture and social status.

The Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt Among Young People with HIV/AIDS: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Studies have suggested that suicidal ideation and attempt are highly prevalent among young people with HIV/AIDS and have been linked with increased risk of complete suicide. However, thus far, there are no worldwide systematic reviews and meta-analysis of the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among young people with HIV/AIDS. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Prevalence rates from individual studies were pooled by using a random-effect meta-analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute's quality assessment checklist. We used the Cochran's Q and the I2 tests to measure heterogeneity across the studies. In total, 14 studies involving 4842 young people with HIV/AIDS were included in this meta-analysis. Our random effect meta-analysis indicated that roughly a quarter of young people with HIV/AIDS had lifetime suicidal ideations [24.38% (95% CI; 18.49-31.44)], and more than one in ten had current [10.33% (95% CI; 6.13-16.88)], and 6month [13.03% (95% CI; 4.71-31.24)] suicidal ideations. Likewise, a significant proportion of young people with HIV/AIDS had current [3.75% (95% CI; 2.30-6.06)], 6month [15.33% (95% CI; 10.00-22.78)], and lifetime [13.05% (95% CI; 7.55-21.61)] suicidal attempts. The pooled prevalence estimate of both suicidal ideation and attempts varied according to the sample size of the participants. This study found that a considerable proportion of young people with HIV/AIDS had suicidal ideation and attempt, suggesting the urgent needs of intervention strategies to relieve the suffering and possibly prevent death due to suicide.

Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India.

Background:Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness. There is preliminary evidence that prevalence may vary across courses even among students of the same sociocultural background. Hence, we compared the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among college students enrolled in five common streams of collegiate education (medical, nursing, engineering, arts/science and others, law/fisheries) in Kerala, India.Methods:5784 college students from 58 colleges (medical, nursing, engineering, arts, and law and fisheries) selected by cluster random sampling in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala, completed a self-administered questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. R software was used for analyses. Lifetime prevalence and severity of tobacco use were determined. Sociodemographic variables of tobacco users and nonusers enrolled in various courses were compared using chi-square test and two-way ANOVA. Furthermore, for each course, factors influencing tobacco use were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The mean age of the sample was 19.5 ± 1.9 years, with the majority being female (65.3%). Lifetime prevalence of tobacco use varied from 0.5% in nursing students, 4.2% in medical students, 8.2% in students of arts and science, 12.5% in engineering students, and 22.8% among other students (law/fisheries). Approximately two-thirds of all tobacco users across courses showed signs of nicotine dependence. Dependent users also showed variance with none in nursing, 2.6% among medicine, 1.6% among arts and science, 1.9% among engineering, and 6.3% among others. Male gender and alcohol use were consistently associated with tobacco use across courses, whereas other examined psychosocial correlates showed variance.Conclusions:To conclude, it appears that among college students, course-level characteristics may influence risk of tobacco use. This has public health importance as it suggests that interventions need to be tailored bearing this in mind. Future research needs to examine campus-level characteristics that may explain variance.

Keep Safe: the development of a manualised group CBT intervention for adolescents with ID who display harmful sexual behaviours

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the development of Keep Safe, a manualised group intervention for adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) who display harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) as the initial phase of a feasibility study. National reports have highlighted the need for the development of specialist programmes, as adolescents with ID make up a significant proportion of young people referred to specialist HSB services and there is a lack of evidence or practice-based interventions for them. Aims included taking account of adolescents’ and families’ needs, motivations and practical commitments, integrating best- practice and being accessible and appropriate across different types of services.Design/methodology/approachKeep Safe development progressed from the practitioner/researcher collaborative young sex offender treatment services collaborative-ID through a project team, Keep Safe development group, comprising a range of practitioners with a variety of clinical expertise across services and an Advisory Group of people with ID. An expert-consensus methodology based on the Delphi method was used. The iterative process for the manual draws on the slim practice-based evidence from UK, New Zealand, North America and Australia.FindingsKeep Safe comprises six modules distributed through 36 term-time young people’s sessions, alongside 16 concurrent parental/ carer sessions (some joint). The main focus of Keep Safe is to enhance well-being and reduce harm. Four initial sites volunteered as feasibility leads, and two more were added as recruitment was more difficult than foreseen.Originality/valueNational reports have highlighted the need for the development of specialist programmes, as adolescents with ID make up a significant proportion of young people referred to specialist HSB services and there is a lack of evidence or practice-based interventions for them. This study is innovative and valuable given the recognition that research and practice is significantly lacking in this area.

INDICATORS OF DISABILITY DUE TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN VINNYTSIA REGION

Objective. To study the level, structure, dynamics of primary and secondary disability due to multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Vinnytsia region in 2009-2013 years.Material and methods. Information about 1391 persons pronounced invalids because of MS during 2009-2013 years was received according to the materials of the medical and social expert commissions of Vinnytsia region. 195 persons were examined for the first time and 1,196 persons were examined repeatedly. The general contingent of the disabled persons due to RS is calculated taking into account age, sex, severity of disability.Results. The level of primary disability due to MS in the Vinnytsia region in 2009-2013 has increased from 0.38 to 0.48 per 10,000 of population (an increase- 26.3%). In the structure of primary disability young age invalids because of MS prevailed (72.3%), disabled people at the age of 35-44 years constituted the largest share - 38.3%. The severity of primary disability was not pronounced. There was a significant prevalence of disabled persons in group III- 80,9%. Invalids in group II constituted 17,0%, and in group I - 2,1%. The level of the repeated disability due to RS ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 and average 2.4 per 10,000 of population. The structure of the repeated disability due to RS was characterized by greater severity. The fractions of persons with disabilities of groups I and II were 4.1 and 1.5 times, respectively, greater in comparison with the primary disability. In the structure of repeated disability, decrease of the share of invalids in group III (58.7%) and increase in the proportion of invalids in group I (13.9%) and group II (58.7%) were noted. The severity of disability among men was higher in comparison with women. With the age an increase of the share of people with severe disability is marked.Conclusions. The level of primary disability due to RS among the able-bodied population of Vinnytsia region for 2009-2013 increased by 26.3% from 0.38 to 0.48 per 10,000 population. In the structure of primary disability, the advantage of invalids of the III group, the share of which on average was 76.3%; group II invalids - 18.9%, group І - 4.8%. The structure of repeated disability due to RS was characterized by greater severity. The proportion of persons with disabilities of groups I and II was 4.1 and 1.5 times higher than that of primary invalidity. A significant proportion of young people with disabilities and the severity of disability from the patient's age were found.

Association of Genetic Predisposition With Solitary Schwannoma or Meningioma in Children and Young Adults

Meningiomas and schwannomas are usually sporadic, isolated tumors occurring in adults older than 60 years and are rare in children and young adults. Multiple schwannomas and/or meningiomas are more frequently associated with a tumor suppressor syndrome and, accordingly, trigger genetic testing, whereas solitary tumors do not. Nevertheless, apparently sporadic tumors in young patients may herald a genetic syndrome. To determine the frequency of the known heritable meningioma- or schwannoma-predisposing mutations in children and young adults presenting with a solitary meningioma or schwannoma. Using the database of the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, this cohort study analyzed lymphocyte DNA from young individuals prospectively referred to the clinic for genetic testing between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2016, on presentation with a single meningioma (n = 42) or schwannoma (n = 135) before age 25 years. Sequencing data were also examined from an additional 39 patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 who were retrospectively identified as having a solitary tumor before age 25 years. Patients with schwannoma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, and LZTR1 gene mutations, while patients with meningioma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and SUFU. The type of underlying genetic mutation, or lack of a predisposing mutation, was associated with the presenting tumor type and subsequent development of additional tumors or other features of known schwannoma- and meningioma-predisposing syndromes. In 2 cohorts of patients who presented with an isolated meningioma (n = 42; median [range] age, 11 [1-24] years; 22 female) or schwannoma (n = 135; median [range] age, 18 [0.2-24] years; 60 female) before age 25 years, 16 of 42 patients (38%) had a predisposing mutation to meningioma and 27 of 135 patients (20%) to schwannoma, respectively. In the solitary meningioma cohort, 34 of 63 patients (54%) had a constitutional mutation in a known meningioma predisposition gene. Twenty-five of 63 patients (40%) had a constitutional NF2 mutation, and 9 (14%) had a constitutional SMARCE1 mutation. In the cohort of those who developed a solitary schwannoma before age 25 years, 44 of 153 patients (29%) had an identifiable genetic predisposition. Twenty-four patients (55%) with a spinal schwannoma had a constitutional mutation, while only 20 (18%) with a cranial schwannoma had a constitutional predisposition (P < .001). Of 109 cranial schwannomas, 106 (97.2%) were vestibular. Four of 106 people (3.8%) with a cranial schwannoma had an LZTR1 mutation (3 were vestibular schwannomas and 1 was a nonvestibular schwannoma), and 9 (8.5%) had an NF2 mutation. A significant proportion of young people with an apparently sporadic solitary meningioma or schwannoma had a causative predisposition mutation. This finding has important clinical implications because of the risk of additional tumors and the possibility of familial disease. Young patients presenting with a solitary meningioma or schwannoma should be referred for genetic testing.

Connaissances et attitudes des jeunes de Bobo-Dioulasso en matière de prévention du VIH et de la grossesse non désirée

Introduction: Despite health education efforts, young people are still faced with major health problems. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding HIV prevention and unwanted pregnancy among young people in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: Based on two-level sampling, representing 94,947 households in the Bobo-Dioulasso municipality, 573 young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years were interviewed. This data collection was conducted from September 2014 to January 2015 in the three districts of the municipality. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of young people. Results: The interviewees had a poor knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention and contraception Very few young people (9%) had complete knowledge about the modes of transmission and 5% had no knowledge. Persistent misperceptions about the effectiveness of condoms (25%) and contraception (32%) did not prevent some young people from using them (79% used condoms and 46% used contraceptives). Knowledge and attitudes of young people regarding HIV and contraception varied according to age, sex, education level and type of parental supervision. Conclusion: A significant proportion of young people still has incomplete knowledge about HIV/AIDS and contraception. Actions designed to reinforce the knowledge of young people are of paramount importance. The capacities of parents and healthcare providers also need to be reinforced to improve the quality of relationship with young people.

Secondary Education under Tension between Democratization and Modernization: Reflections from the Brazilian Experience

&lt;p class="apa"&gt;This paper analyzes the extension of the right to secondary education in Brazil. Currently, the debate on secondary education has been intensified in civil society highlighting the problem of the reason of its precarious offer, not to mention a significant proportion of young people and adults who have not finished this level of schooling. Opinions vary on how the offer to secondary education should be held: while a minority believes that schooling should be humanistic and scientific; others support integrated education with a technical certification. Others advocate the separation of secondary professional education. This myriad of projects and programs has invaded the educational systems and schools, a portrait of public action in the education area, divided between republicans and private interests, in the context of disputes between the process of democratization and modernization, guided by the excellence of the performance of the institutions and students. This paper has an essay character produced within the research ‘Innovative High School Program: working conditions and teacher education’ with CNPq funding and during the post-doctoral studies conducted at the École Normale Supèrieure de Lyon/France, with CAPES financial support.&lt;/p&gt;

Connecting and Strengthening Young Aboriginal Men: A Family Wellbeing Pilot Study

ABSTRACTA significant proportion of young people in Australia are currently not being engaged in school and other social systems. This article presents the results of a mixed-methods study of a pilot Family Wellbeing intervention designed to enhance the social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) of young Aboriginal men and improve engagement in education, employment, and other social participation. A questionnaire incorporating the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and respondent self-assessment SEWB questions was administered to program participants pre and post intervention (N = 30) and qualitative data were collected from program organisers (N = 6). The results suggest that the Family Wellbeing intervention has the capacity to make a marked contribution to the SEWB of young Aboriginal men; participants experienced strong improvement in capacity to manage relationships, engagement in education and employment, and mental and physical health. The factors that enabled the program to be adapted to the target group and setting are documented.

‘I Hate Talking About It’: Identifying and Supporting Traumatised Young People in Custody

AbstractResearch has shown that a significant proportion of young people in custody have experienced some form of abuse and/or loss in their lives. This article uses the biographies of three young men (all serving custodial sentences) to elucidate the feelings that experiences of this nature can engender. Crucially, none of the three was effectively helped to resolve their experiences. The article goes on to argue that more needs to be done to identify and support traumatised young people in custody. The article concludes that, while the CHAT: Secure tool may go some way to better identifying those needing support, an individual's reluctance to disclose their traumatic experiences in the first place may limit the tool's efficacy.

Not Just "A Walking the Dog": Dog Walking and Pet Play and Their Association With Recommended Physical Activity Among Adolescents.

To examine the role of pet play and dog walking in children's and adolescents' leisure time, and the relationship between these activities and physical activity. The study design was observational. The study setting was metropolitan Perth and nonmetropolitan regions in Western Australia. The study included 1097 primary school (mean age, 10.1 years; SD, 1.6 years) and 657 secondary school (mean age, 14.0 years; SD, 1.3 years) students. Validated measures of total physical activity, dog walking, and pet play activity (prevalence and time) were calculated. Generalized linear models tested for differences between proportions, while adjusting for socioeconomic status, age, and school-level clustering. Approximately one third of primary school and one quarter of secondary school students reported that they walked the dog at least once in the last week. Pet play was the most common play activity for primary and secondary school girls, and the second and third most popular play activity for secondary and primary school boys, respectively. Secondary school students who walked the dog or played with pets spent an average of 1 hour per week on each activity, and they were significantly more likely (p < .005) to meet national physical activity recommendations than secondary school students not reporting these activities. Given the significant proportion of young people who frequently engage in dog walking and pet play, and the high level of pet ownership in many Western countries, promotion of these activities to support young people's health is warranted.

Perceived norms of premarital heterosexual relationships and sexuality among female college students in Tehran

This paper describes perceptions of the societal acceptability and acceptability among peers of different types of premarital heterosexual relationships in Iran. Sources of variation in subjective norms are assessed. Results derive from a survey conducted in 2005 of a representative sample of 1743 female college students from four multidisciplinary universities in Tehran using two-stage random cluster sampling. An anonymous pilot-tested questionnaire was used. Respondents displayed remarkable heterogeneity and ambiguity concerning the social acceptability of premarital heterosexual friendship, dating and physical contact, but expressed greater certainty about the unacceptability of premarital sex. The majority (77.5%) reported that premarital sex was socially prohibited, while about one third (33.1%) were unsure about the social acceptability of having a boyfriend and dating before marriage. Peer norms were perceived to be more liberal but, nevertheless, very few peers were thought to be in favour of premarital intercourse. Older students, those with educated fathers and those studying in a mixed-sex university perceived norms to be more liberal than their counterparts. Access to satellite television, a major source of exposure to new information and values about sexuality, was a major predictor of liberal peer norms. It appears that a significant proportion of young people in Tehran have broken with tradition with regard to premarital social interaction and romantic friendships, but the majority still conforms to traditional cultural and religious values regarding abstinence before marriage.

Have recent investigations into remission from childhood asthma helped in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease?

Studies show that a significant proportion of young people suffering from childhood onset asthma later recovered, usually in adolescence. In this article we argue that an understanding of the differences between children who recover from asthma and those who do not would contribute to increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and could provide new clues about prevention and treatment. We note that some researchers have recently published results from these kinds of investigations. This paper reports results regarding genetic determinants, distorted mechanisms of inflammation, and mind/body relationships. We also try to integrate findings from these 3 areas to formulate general conclusions about the pathogenesis of asthma.