Significant Predictors Of Contraceptive Use Research Articles

Spousal communication, fertility preference and other factors affecting contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Objective: To assess and compare the relationship between spousal communication, fertility preference, and other factors with contraceptive use among married couples in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Ado- Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria between the 12th of August 2017 and the 15th of February 2018. A pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 976 respondents by a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed (univariate, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analysis) using SPSS version 24.0. Factors that showed statistical significance (P<0.05) were included in a binary logistic regression to determine significant predictors of contraceptive use. Results: The proportion of respondents currently using contraceptives was 56.9%. The education status of the respondents revealed that those with primary education were more likely to use contraceptives than those without formal education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-36.2, P<0.001]. Respondents with fair spousal communication were more likely to use contraceptive than those with poor communication (aOR 4.9, 95% CI 2.80-8.71, P<0.001). In addition, fertility preference of 4 or less children was found to be significantly associated with contraceptive use (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.67-5.50, P<0.001) compared to a preference of more than 4 children. Finally, the urban respondents were more likely to use contraceptives than those in the rural setting (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.16-2.41, P=0.047). Conclusions: Educational status, residential site, spousal communication, and fertility preference significantly influence the level of contraceptive use among married couples. Couples should endeavor to discuss more on issues bordering on their fertility preference and contraceptive issue. Government should formulate policies to improve the rural uptake of contraceptives using identified target interventions.

Factors associated with modern contraceptive use: a comparative analysis between younger and older women in Umlazi Township, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Introduction:Unplanned pregnancy continues to be a global reproductive and public health concern among women. This study aimed to investigate whether factors associated with modern contraceptive use differ by age-group among young and older women of reproductive age.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 433 women of reproductive age, with the median age of 25 years (interquartile range: 21–28), and aged between 18 and 49. Data were collected from 10 public health care clinics in Umlazi Township, KwaZulu-Natal, using a structured questionnaire. Data were coded, entered into Epi Data Manager and exported to Stata for analysis. A Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression models were employed to assess the level of the association between the predictor and outcome variables, and the p-value of 0.05 or lower was considered statistically significant.Results:Most women in the sample (n = 351, 81%) had obtained a secondary level of education, while 53% (n = 230) were unemployed and 89% (n = 387) were single. We found that women with secondary level of education (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 0.99–5.38) or a tertiary level of education (AOR 3.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.53) were more likely to use contraceptive methods compared to women with lower education. Women who experienced unplanned pregnancy (AOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22–3.79) were more likely to use contraceptives. Women aged 25–49 years who experienced pregnancy, whether planned (AOR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.08–3.89) or unplanned (AOR 3.60, 95% CI: 2.15–4.19), were more likely to use a contraceptive method. Results showed that the level of education (p = 0.942) and whether one experienced unplanned pregnancy (p = 0.913) were not significant predictors of contraceptive use among women aged 18–24 years.Conclusion:Concerted educational efforts to addressing existing barriers deterring women from accessing contraception among young women are necessary. Different groups of women should be targeted with family planning interventions specific to their needs.

Effectiveness of reproductive health counseling of women with systemic lupus erythematosus: observational cross-sectional study at an academic lupus clinic.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects women of childbearing age. To optimize fetal and maternal outcomes, effective reproductive health counseling is crucial. To analyze the effectiveness of reproductive health counseling in women with SLE and identify gaps in patient educational needs. Cross-sectional study including women aged 18-45years fulfilling ACR'97 and/or SLICC criteria, followed at an academic lupus clinic. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire evaluating brief obstetric history, knowledge about impact of SLE in pregnancy outcomes, recall of reproductive health counseling, contraception use and reproductive healthcare received. Effectiveness of reproductive health counseling was analyzed, and potential predictors of contraceptive use (age, previous spontaneous abortion, level of knowledge about SLE and reproductive planning) were tested by multiple regression analysis. We enrolled 108 women (mean age: 34.4 ± 7.1years; mean disease duration: 10.3 ± 7.3years). 64.8% of the patients recalled receiving information about family planning, and 81% about contraception. Only 38% declared to be well informed about the impact of SLE on pregnancy. In this cohort, 23.2% wanted a pregnancy in the future; the remainder already had the children they wanted or planned a subsequent pregnancy. Contraceptive use was reported by 79.6% of the patients (oral contraceptives by 39.8% and intrauterine device by 20.4%), while 11.1% reported unprotected intercourses. No statistically significant predictors of contraceptive use were identified. In this academic Lupus Clinic, most SLE women of childbearing age received effective reproductive health counseling and use contraceptive methods. Their unmet needs were identified to guide optimization of patient counseling.

Prevalence, Correlates, and Barriers of Contraceptive Use among Women Attending Primary Health Centers in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia.

(1) Backgrounds and Objectives: with the rapid alteration in the socio-demographic pattern of the Saudi community, particularly the changes concerned with women’s education and work force, contraceptive use must be a fundamental aspect in the life of women in reproductive age. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of contraceptive use among women attending primary health centers in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the perceived barriers of stopping or not using contraceptive methods in this population. (2) Methods: a primary health center-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 women of reproductive age. Data collection was done by using structured questionnaires distributed during face to face interviews with the participants. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program, version 24. (3) Results: most of the participants (n = 166; 45%) were current contraceptive users and 32.2% (n = 119) reported previous use of contraceptive methods. Pills were the most frequently used method (n = 203; 71.2%) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) came next (n = 67; 23.5%) while surgery was the least common method among the respondents (n = 3; 1.1%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the significant predictors of contraceptive use were: age > 35 years (odds ratio (OR): 4.52; confidence interval (CI): 1.56–15.42), Children number ≥ 4 (odds ratio (OR): 1.41; confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.92) and monthly income ≥ 5000 Saudi Riyal (RS) (odds ratio (OR): 2.29; confidence interval (CI): 1.24–8.27). The most perceived barriers towards contraceptive utilization were cultural, demographic, medical, administrative, and barriers related to the method itself. The least reported barriers were psychosocial and physical. (4) Conclusions: the present study showed a high prevalence of contraceptive use among Saudi women in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. The study recommended sustained efforts to increase population awareness of the importance of family planning. Policymakers should discover the barriers that prevent contraceptive utilization by women.

Predictors of modern contraceptive use among women and men in Uganda: a population-level analysis

Objective(s)Despite substantial and rapid improvements in contraceptive uptake in Uganda, many women continue to have unmet need for contraception. As factors affecting contraceptive use are dynamic and complex, this study...

Patterns and determinants of contraceptives utilization in a religiously homogeneous settlement: a Nigerian case study

Objective: To identify the determinants of contraceptive utilization in a religiously homogenous settlement in Nigeria. Methods: Using Nsukka, Enugu State as a case study, the study utilized primary data generated using a structured questionnaire administered on 600 female respondents aged 15-49 on pre/post-natal care hospital visits. The datasets were analyzed at univariate and bivariate levels and using binary regression. Results: Women aged 20–29 constituted 44.6% of the respondents, 80% were married, 80.2% were Christians, 42.1% had secondary education, 5.2% earned above N80,000 monthly and 56.8% used contraceptives. Variations in contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with age, income, occupation and religion (P < 0.05) while the regression analyses showed that religion was the only significant predictor of contraceptive use among the sample (P < 0.05). Being unemployed became significant only when religion was controlled for. Conclusion: With religion being a more dominant determinant of contraceptive utilization, even in a largely religiously-homogeneous settlement, scaling up contraceptive usage for population health and development should involve health professionals and social workers in their various churches. Keywords: Contraceptive Use, Religion, Health Professionals, Social Workers, Nsukka, Nigeria

Factors associated with contraceptive use among young women in Malawi: analysis of the 2015\u201316 Malawi demographic and health survey data

BackgroundAlthough Malawi is one of the countries with highest Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) in Sub–Saharan Africa, pregnancies and fertility among young women remain high. This suggests low up take of contraceptives by young women. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use among young women in Malawi.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of household data for 10,422 young women aged 15–24 years collected during the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). The sample was weighted to ensure representativeness. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the demographic, social – economic and other factors that influence contraceptive use among young women. Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0.ResultsOf the 10,422 young women, 3219 used contraception representing a prevalence of 30.9%. The findings indicate that age, region of residence, marital status, education, religion, work status, a visit to health facility, and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle are significant predictors of contraceptive use among young women in Malawi. Women who were in the age group 20–24 years (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.73–2.16), working (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.14–1.39), currently married (AOR = 6.26; 95% CI = 5.46–7.18), knowledgeable about their ovulatory cycle (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.50–2.05), and those with primary education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.18–1.83) were more likely to use contraceptives than their counterparts.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that several social demographic and economic factors are associated with contraceptive use among young women in Malawi. These findings should be considered and reflected in public health policies to address issues that could be barriers to the use of contraception by young women. Strengthening access to family planning information and services for young women is highly recommended to reduce pregnancies among young women in Malawi.

Examining the Role of Couples' Characteristics in Contraceptive use in Nigeria and Zambia.

Relationship-related characteristics influence diverse health and demographic outcomes. This study examined the role of couples' characteristics in contraceptive use. Data were obtained from 2013 Nigeria and 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys. The study population consisted of couples in monogamous union (married or living together) who had at least one live birth and the wife was not pregnant at the time of the survey. Prevalence of contraceptive use among couples in Nigeria was 27% and 63% in Zambia. Couples' educational attainment, religious affiliation, the frequency of listening to the radio, reported number of children, fertility preference, region of residence and household wealth index were significant predictors of contraceptive use among couples in Nigeria and Zambia. Given the significant role of couples' characteristics in the uptake of contraceptives, there is the need to encourage interventions that target couples, particularly those of poor socioeconomic status.

Prevalence and Determinants of Contraceptive use among Employed and Unemployed Women in Bangladesh.

Contraceptive use plays a significant role in controlling fertility, particularly in reaching the replacement level of fertility. The association between women's employment status and contraceptive use is poorly studied and understood in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence contraceptive use among employed and unemployed women in Bangladesh. Data and necessary information of 16,616 married women were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011. The cross sectional data has been used for univariate analysis, to carry out the description of the variables; bivariate analysis, to find the associations among the variables; and binary logistic regression analysis, to evaluate the effects of selected sociodemographic factors on contraceptive use. The results revealed that the contraceptive use was found higher among employed women (67%) than that of unemployed women. Women's age, education, region, number of living children, and child preference were found to be significantly associated with current use of contraception among employed women. On the other hand, women's age, education, husband's education, region, residence, religion, number of living children, ever heard about family planning, and child preference were identified as the significant predictors of contraceptive use among unemployed women. A gap in using contraceptives among employed and unemployed women is identified. By creating employment opportunities for women to be enhanced the contraceptive use. Moreover, the sociodemographic factors need to be taken into consideration in formulating policies and implementing programs to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate among women.

Determinants of family planning service uptake and use of contraceptives among postpartum women in rural Uganda.

Uganda has one of the highest unmet needs for family planning globally, which is associated with negative health outcomes for women and population-level public health implications. The present cross-sectional study identified factors influencing family planning service uptake and contraceptive use among postpartum women in rural Uganda. Participants were 258 women who attended antenatal care at a rural Ugandan hospital. We used logistic regression models in SPSS to identify determinants of family planning service uptake and contraceptive use postpartum. Statistically significant predictors of uptake of family planning services included: education (AOR=3.03, 95% CI 1.57-5.83), prior use of contraceptives (AOR=7.15, 95% CI 1.58-32.37), partner communication about contraceptives (AOR=1.80, 95% CI 1.36-2.37), and perceived need of contraceptives (AOR=2.57, 95% CI 1.09-6.08). Statistically significant predictors of contraceptive use since delivery included: education (AOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.95), prior use of contraceptives (AOR=10.79, 95% CI 1.40-83.06), and partner communication about contraceptives (AOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.34-2.44). Education, partner communication, and perceived need of family planning are key determinants of postpartum family planning service uptake and contraceptive use, and should be considered in antenatal and postnatal family planning counseling.

Contraceptive Characteristics of Women Living with HIV in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana.

Contraceptive use among women living with HIV is important to prevent the transmission of the infection to their partners, prevent unintended pregnancies and prevent the mother-to-child transmission of the infection. The study sought to determine the contraceptive characteristics of women living with HIV in the Kumasi metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2012 at two HIV/AIDS clinics in the Kumasi Metropolis in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Interviewer- administered questionnaires were used to collect data from two hundred and ninety five women. Data from one hundred and eighty three women living with HIV and who were sexually active were analyzed. Factors associated with contraceptive use were examined using logistic regression. The overall contraceptive use was high; 84.7% were using a modern contraceptive method. The male condom was the commonest contraceptive method (77.0%) used and this was the main contraceptive method promoted at the HIV/AIDS clinic. Dual method usage was low (4.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that the significant predictor of contraceptive use was HIV status disclosure to partner (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.07-0.87; p = 0.03). The integration of family planning and HIV/AIDS services could stress dual method use and encourage HIV status disclosure to partner.

Myths, misinformation, and communication about family planning and contraceptive use in Nigeria

Myths, misinformation, and communication about family planning and contraceptive use in Nigeria Augustine Ankomah1, Jennifer Anyanti1, Muyiwa Oladosu21Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; 2MiraMonitor Consulting Ltd, Abuja, NigeriaBackground: This paper examines myths, misinformation, factual information, and communication about family planning and their effects on contraceptive use in Nigeria.Methods: A nationally representative sample of 20,171 respondents from two waves of a multiround survey (one in 2003 and the other in 2005), was analyzed at the bivariate level using Chi-square tests and at the multivariate level using logistic regression.Results: Key myths and misinformation about family planning having significant negative effects on contraceptive use included: &ldquo;contraception makes women become promiscuous&rdquo;, &ldquo;it is expensive to practice family planning&rdquo;, and &ldquo;family planning causes cancer&rdquo;. Factual information having significant positive effects on contraceptive use includes the messages that family planning methods are effective and not against religious teaching. The type of people with whom respondents discussed family planning had a significant effect on use of contraception. Respondents who discussed family planning with their spouse, friends, and health workers were more likely to use contraception than those who discussed it with religious leaders. Other significant predictors of contraceptive use were region of residence, gender, and socioeconomic status.Conclusion: Family planning programs should focus on eliminating myths and misinformation, while strengthening factual information. Contraception programs should factor in the role of significant others, particularly spouses and friends.Keywords: contraceptive use, family planning, logistic regression, misconceptions, myths

Inferring gender-power: women’s schooling and relative spousal influence in childbearing in Ghana

Our analysis of data on married couples from the 1988-2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys demonstrates men's influence in childbearing decisions increased during a time when women's education was on the rise. This time period marked the beginning of a rapid fertility decline in Ghana, but while women’s education remained a significant predictor of contraceptive use, education became significantly less important while men’s fertility preferences became significantly more important. The findings suggest that traditional cultures of marriage in sub-Saharan Africa that endorse men’s authority in reproductive decision-making will probably not be easily overcome by higher levels of women’s education. Laurie F. DEROSE, Research Assistant Professor, Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, 0124N Cole Student Activities Building (#162), College Park, MD 20742-1315, USA. E-mail: lderose@umd.edu . Lijuan WU, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. E-mail: lijuanwu@yahoo.com .. F. Nii-Amoo DODOO, College of Liberal Arts Research Professor, The Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802, USA and Professor and Director, Regional Institute for Population Studies University of Ghana P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana Africa. E-mail: duf2@psu.edu . DOI: 10.4402/genus-211

Predictors of Contraceptive Use Among Married Youths and Their Husbands in a Rural Area of Myanmar

This study aimed to determine the predictors of contraceptive use among married female youths and their husbands using the behavioral theory of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A community-based survey was conducted in a rural area of Myanmar in 2008. A total of 444 respondents (222 couples) were interviewed separately using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Significant predictors of contraceptive use were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Wife's HBM perception was a highly significant predictor of contraceptive use in married youths (adjusted odds ratio = 10; 95% confidence interval = 2.7, 37.6). Wives aged 20 to 24 years and having their own income, experience of spousal communication, and shorter distance from home to health center were also significant predictors of contraceptive use. A poor agreement on HBM perception between wife and husband was noted. This study highlights the importance of HBM perceptions, wife's income, spousal communication, and geographic barriers in contraceptive use among married youths in rural Myanmar.

Contraceptive use by women in Accra, Ghana: results from the 2003 Accra Women's Health Survey.

The study was to determine the predictors of use of modern contraception among women in Accra, Ghana. Data were collected by trained interviewers using questionnaires. Complete data for 2199 women were analysed using Stata 8.2. The study showed that educational status was the most significant predictor of contraceptive use. Women with no formal education had a 48% reduction in the odds of having ever used contraception and a 66% reduction in the odds of currently using contraception. Regular use of health facilities did not affect contraceptive use. Female education should continue to be a priority of the Ghanaian government. Education about family planning and the effects of having large families should be integrated into the school curriculum. Ghanaian health workers need to be active in promoting the use of modern contraceptive methods.

Contraceptive Use among Women Migrants in Nang Rong, Thailand: An Exploratory Study

Understanding the dynamics of contraceptive use among women migrants is considered important, especially to a country like Thailand that is undergoing many changes, and an increasingly female-dominated migration during the last few decades. Using survey data collected in 2000, this study seeks to examine the determinants of modern contraceptive use among women migrants in Nang Rong, Thailand. The study found that several demographic and socioeconomic factors are significant predictors of contraceptive use among women migrants and the magnitude of such effects varies across different migrant types.

Spousal Communication, Power, and Contraceptive Use in Burkina Faso, West Africa

In most developing countries, despite increased knowledge and approval of family planning, contraceptive use is still low. Lack of spousal communication was identified as an important explanatory factor in the low level contraceptive use by spouses. This study describes the pathways of influence between spousal communication, power, and contraceptive use in Burkina Faso, West Africaa high fertility country with low prevalence of contraceptive use. The Burkina Faso society is patriarchal in which husbands have control over sexual and fertility matters and they extend authority over their wives on these issues and, therefore, the power dimension of the spousal communication model needs clarification. The data source for this paper was the 2003 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey. From the individual recode file, married respondents were selected for inclusion in the sample (n = 9,537) and for analysis. The independent variables were spousal communication and relative power. The dependent variables were contraceptive use and the effects of age, education, number of living children, wealth, and marriage types were adjusted for. Results show that education, wealth, place of residence, and religion are some of the correlates of inter-spousal communication about contraceptive use. Additionally, the data have revealed that spousal communication and marital power were important and significant predictors of contraceptive use, with relative marital power being the Stronger predictor of the two.

Mass media messages and reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.

This paper examines the effects of exposure to mass media messages promoting family planning on the reproductive behaviour of married women in Nigeria using cross-sectional data. Longitudinal data are also used to ensure that exposure to media messages pre-dates the indicators of reproductive behaviour. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that: (1) contraceptive use and intention are positively associated with exposure to mass media messages, and (2) women who are exposed to media messages are more likely to desire fewer children than those who are not exposed to such messages. Similarly, analysis of the longitudinal data shows that exposure to mass media messages is a significant predictor of contraceptive use. Thus, exposure to mass media messages about family planning may be a powerful tool for influencing reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.

Sex Education, Contraceptive and Reproductive Knowledge, and Contraceptive Use among Black Adolescent Females

This study examined sources of sex education for Black adolescent females and assessed relationships among sex education, knowledge about contraception and reproduction, and contraceptive use. The majority of adolescents reported having discussions with parents and having formal instruction regarding pregnancy, the menstrual cycle, and contraception. Neither parental discussion nor formal instruction on pregnancy and the menstrual cycle was related to reproductive knowledge, which was poor among the adolescents. A sample of older women had significantly greater reproductive knowledge than did the adolescents, although only one-fifth of older women responded correctly. Formal instruction on contraception was positively related to contraceptive knowledge, which was positively associated with ever-use of contraception, use at first intercourse, current use, and effectiveness of current method. Age at first intercourse was a significant predictor of contraceptive use and effectiveness at first intercourse.