Significant Predictors Of Well-being Research Articles

The role of coping strategies in the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism, as well as the mediating role of maternal coping in this relationship. The pragmatic aim of the research was to provide theoretical and practical information regarding the attachment style, coping, and well-being of families who have children with autism especially mothers, as they are most often involved in the care and upbringing of these children. The present study is a correlational, cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 113 mothers of autistic children aged between 22 and 51 years, M = 39.78, SD = 4.89. The children’s ages ranged between three and 14 years, M = 10.61, SD = 2.65. A number of 66 children were boys (58%) and 47 were girls (42%). The instruments used were the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Brief COPE. The multiple linear regression showed that only the secure attachment of mothers is a significant predictor of well-being. Mediation analyses showed that neither adaptive nor maladaptive coping mediates the relationship between attachment style and well-being. In conclusion, we discussed the limitations and future research direction and also the importance of preserving higher well-being in mothers of children with autism.

Associations between Autistic and ADHD Traits and the Well-Being and Mental Health of University Students.

Research on autism and ADHD continues to increase, as does the research on well-being and mental health. There is a growing need to understand what factors impact mental health and well-being, and the question arises as to what factors impact mental health and well-being in autism and ADHD. The existing literature focuses on two different aspects when it comes to the well-being and mental health of autism in students. One aspect focuses on mental health and well-being in diagnosed neurodivergent individuals, and the other aspect focuses on associations between autistic and ADHD traits and mental health and well-being. In order to understand the impact on mental health in autism, an online survey using the Qualtrics platform was given to a sample of 430 university students. The survey used the well-being process questionnaire, the autism spectrum quotient, the ADHD self-report scale, and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. The results showed significant correlations between anxiety, depression, and autistic and ADHD traits (all correlations > 0.2). These variables were also correlated with the well-being and SDQ outcomes and well-being predictors (all correlations > 0.2). The regression analyses showed significant associations between well-being outcomes and predictor variables and anxiety and depression, whereas the effects of autistic and ADHD traits were restricted to the SDQ outcomes (hyperactivity, conduct, and peer problems). Regression analyses were also conducted to determine whether a variable formed by combining autistic traits, ADHD, anxiety, and depression scores was a significant predictor of well-being and SDQ outcomes. The combined variable was associated with all outcome variables except the prosocial variable. This study provides the basis for further research for understanding the interaction between well-being, mental health, autism, and ADHD.

Work-related quality of life of occupational therapists in Ireland

Introduction: Research focused on workforce issues and the working conditions of occupational therapists in Ireland is limited. The aim of this study was to characterise quality of working life and well-being in Irish occupational therapists. Method: A cross-sectional, electronic survey of occupational therapists working in Ireland was conducted. The questionnaire included measures of quality of working life, well-being, workload, organisational constraints and turnover intentions. Results: A total of 157 occupational therapists completed the survey. Quality of work life and well-being scores were lower than available norms. Organisational constraints and workload predicted lower quality of working life, F(7,119) = 13.669, p < 0.0005, while organisational constraints was the only significant predictor of well-being, F(10,123) = 3.698, p < 0.0005. Lower quality of working life predicted turnover intention, F(1,139) = 63.004. p < 0.0005. Conclusion: Results indicate that organisational constraints and workload are significant predictors of lower quality of working life. Lower quality of working life is also related to turnover intention. Quality of working life studies such as this can provide a form of problem diagnosis, in highlighting organisational factors that impede quality of working life.

The Impact of Culture-, Health- and Nature-Based Engagement on Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Public Health Restrictions on Wellbeing, Social Connectedness and Loneliness during COVID-19: Quantitative Evidence from a Smaller- and Larger-Scale UK Survey.

Numerous UK surveys conducted during COVID-19 examined the pandemic's detrimental effects on health, and the consequences of lockdown and other public health restrictions on mental health. Some surveys considered specific populations and social inequities exacerbated during COVID-19. Fewer surveys examined the ways in which the adverse effects of public health restrictions, such as lockdown, shielding and social distancing, might be alleviated. Drawing upon self-determination theory, the purpose of the current study was to assess whether culture-, health- and nature-based engagement would mitigate the effects of these restrictions on psychological wellbeing, social connectedness and loneliness. Quantitative data from a smaller-scale survey (n = 312) and a subset of questions embedded in a larger-scale survey (n = 3647) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. Frequency of engagement, whether participation was online or offline and with or without other people, and the extent to which type of participation was associated with psychological wellbeing, social connectedness and loneliness were examined. Sports and fitness, gardening and reading occurred frequently in both surveys. For the smaller-scale survey, increases in connectedness and frequency of participation and decreases in loneliness were significantly associated with improved wellbeing, whereas the type of participation and age range were not significant predictors. Outcomes from the smaller-scale survey approximated the larger-scale survey for measures of loneliness, type and frequency of participation and proportion of respondents in each age range. As the frequency of participation was a significant predictor of wellbeing, but the type of participation was not significant, the findings implied that any type of participation in a sufficient quantity would be likely to boost wellbeing.

Resilience, activities of daily living, and well-being in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The aim was to investigate the associations of activities of daily living, resilience and the well-being among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide a long-term follow-up study. A longitudinal design was used. The instruments included the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale to assess the activities of daily living as well as the Resilience Scale and Well-Being Scale. A regression analysis was used to predict the factors related to well-being. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used for long-term follow-up with regard to IADLs, resilience and well-being. A total of 105 eligible participants were enrolled, of whom 59% were men and 41% were women. Interactions at three time points among IADLs, resilience, and well-being were reported. IADLs were significantly and positively associated with resilience and well-being. Resilience was a significant predictor of well-being. The well-being score increased by 0.24 points for every 1-point increase in the resilience score. IADLs, resilience, and well-being are correlated in patients with CKD, and resilience is a predictor of well-being. Higher resilience is associated with higher well-being. Therefore, clinical care providers need to access the resilience level of CKD patients as early as possible and design appropriate interventions to improve mental health and quality of life.

The The effects of cognitive, social, and emotional intelligence on children’s sociometric status in a new peer group

Sociometric status is of consequence to the child’s development and adjustment, as research shows that people with low status in childhood and adolescence run a greater risk of later maladjustment. On the other hand, popularity is a significant predictor of well-being as well as academic success and effective intra- and interpersonal functioning. Given the importance of sociometric status to a person’s psychological and social functioning, researchers have sought to identify its determinants with a view to developing methods of supporting children’s development and adjustment. The objective of the study was to investigate changes in the sociometric status of children in a new classroom and determine to what extent they are shaped by cognitive, social, and emotional intelligence. Method: The study encompassed 136 first graders aged six and seven years (M = 6,87, SD = 0.54). Sociometric status was evaluated three times: at the beginning of the school year, as well as after six and twelve months. In addition, one test of cognitive, social, and emotional intelligence was performed. The data were analyzed using latent growth curve models. Results: It was found that the sociometric status of children changed over time. Cognitive intelligence was not found to be a statistically significant predictor of either the initial level or the rate of change of sociometric status (whether in the acceptance or rejection domains). Emotional intelligence was significant only for the initial rejection by their peers. While social intelligence did not statistically significantly predict initial levels of acceptance and rejection, it did have a significant effect on the rate of temporal change in both domains of sociometric status. This means that children with higher SI improved their position in the peer group over time (with increasing acceptance and declining rejection levels). Conclusions: The research shows that by developing social intelligence, it is possible to help children with a low sociometric status, who do not cope well in a social group and are often rejected by their peers.

Psychosocial correlates of well-being among people who engage in online health-seeking behaviour

We examined the extent to which neuroticism, health anxiety, social anxiety, and social support predicted well-being in a sample of online users engaging in health-seeking behaviour. We used a cross-sectional online survey to recruit participants who engaged in online health-seeking behaviour. The study included 350 participants who were recruited online using social media platforms such as Reddit and Twitter. A multiple regression was conducted to examine the relationships between neuroticism, health anxiety, social anxiety, social support, and well-being. Participants completed a battery of measures on Survey Monkey consisting of a demographic questionnaire, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers, Leibowitz Social Anxiety scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, World Health Organisation Five Well-Being Index, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We found significant negative correlations between the indicated psychological variables and well-being, indicating that higher levels of neuroticism, social anxiety, and health anxiety were related to lower levels of well-being. We also found significant, positive correlations between the social support variables and well-being, indicating that more social support was correlated with better well-being. The results of the multiple regression demonstrate that neuroticism, health anxiety, family support, and friend support were significant predictors of well-being.

Acculturative Stress, Mental Health, and Well-Being among Deaf Adults.

Acculturative stress is associated with negative mental health among culturally diverse individuals. Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals experience acculturative stress as they navigate within and between the Hearing and Deaf communities, yet, research has not examined the relationship between deaf acculturative stress and psychological functioning. This study examined the relationships between deaf acculturative stress, well-being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. One hundred and ten DHH adults (71.6% female, 82.7% White, median age = 30-39) completed an online survey including the Multidimensional Inventory of Deaf Acculturative Stress (MIDAS), demographic questions, and measures of psychological functioning. After controlling for relevant sociodemographic factors, the MIDAS Stress from the Deaf and Hearing Community scales emerged as significant predictors of well-being and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Findings are discussed within the context of DHH sociocultural experiences, and suggestions for future research are offered to inform clinical work with DHH individuals.

Studying in an innovative teaching-learning environment: design-based education at a university of applied sciences.

In higher education, a need is felt to redesign curricula to better prepare students for the evolving 'world of work'. The current exploratory study investigated first-year (N = 414) students' approaches to learning, well-being and perceptions of their learning environment in the context of an innovative educational concept: design-based education. Also, the relations between these concepts were explored. Regarding the teaching-learning environment, it was found that students experienced peer-support to a large extent whereas alignment in their programs scored lowest. Based on our analysis, it seems that alignment did not influence students' deep approach to learning however, as this approach was predicted by their experienced relevance of the program and feedback from the teachers. Student well-being was predicted by the same elements that also predicted their deep approach of learning, and also alignment appeared to be a significant predictor of well-being. This study provides first insights in students' experiences of an innovative learning environment in higher education and raises important questions for further, longitudinal, research. As the current study already shows that certain aspects of the teaching-learning environment can be used to impact students' learning and well-being, answers can help in (re)designing new learning environments.

Relationship between Leadership and Well-Being at Work – Evidence from a European Social Survey

Subjective and emotional well-being attracts the attention of Bulgarian and foreign authors who focus on various research approaches. In the context of the complex conceptual nature of well-being, the role of leadership as a factor in employee satisfaction in work teams stands out. In this article, the relationship between specific leadership approaches and well-being at work will be surveyed in 10 European countries – Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Finland, France, Lithuania, Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary. The analysis confirms that there is a relationship between employee satisfaction and a) support from managers regarding the balance between work and personal commitments and b) managers’ willingness to give work-related help or advice, if needed. Leadership with understanding of employees’ need for balance in their lives has been shown to be a significant predictor of well-being. Work-related professional help and advice also correlates positively with satisfaction at work. A lot of studies confirm that higher levels of work-related well-being are associated with greater labor productivity. The present analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the significant role of leaders at different management levels in achieving organizational goals through successful models of interaction with employees. The study of leadership and its relationship to employee well-being provides new opportunities for successful management practices.

Parent-Adolescent Attachment and Well-Being Among Chinese Hearing-Impaired Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and the Moderating Role of Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Although several studies have highlighted a significant association between parent-adolescent attachment and well-being in normal adolescents, studies exploring this relationship among hearing-impaired adolescents are scarce. The current study examined the association of parent-adolescent attachment with well-being and the underlying mechanism of this relationship among Chinese hearing-impaired students. A total of 512 hearing-impaired students from eight special education centers and schools (female: n = 223; mean age = 17.28 years) were recruited for this study and completed self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment, resilience, emotional and behavioral problems, and well-being. The results found that for Chinese hearing-impaired students: (1) There was a significant positive correlation between parent-adolescent attachment and well-being. (2) Even after controlling for the effect of gender, parent-adolescent attachment was a significant predictor of well-being. (3) Resilience mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent attachment and well-being. Furthermore, emotional and behavioral problems moderated this relationship. These findings had broad implications in the field of well-being in hearing-impaired adolescents. It suggested that developing secure parent-adolescent attachment, improving resilience, and reducing emotional and behavioral problems could help improve the hearing-impaired students’ well-being.

Activity and Participation, Bimanual Function, and Prosthesis Satisfaction are Strong Predictors of General Well-Being Among Upper Limb Prosthesis Users

ObjectiveTo determine the role of multiple factors on general well-being for upper limb prosthesis users. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional observational design. SettingProsthetic clinics across the United States. ParticipantsAt the time of analysis, the database consisted of 250 patients with unilateral upper limb amputation seen between July 2016 and July 2021. InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcomes MeasuresDependent variable: well-being (Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire- Well-Being). Independent variables included in analysis: activity and participation (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities), bimanual function (PROMIS-9 UE), prosthesis satisfaction (Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised; TAPES-R), PROMIS pain interference, age, gender, average daily hours worn, time since amputation, and amputation level. ResultsA multivariate linear regression model using a forward enter method was applied. The model included 1 dependent variable (well-being) and 9 independent variables. Within the multiple linear regression model, the strongest predictors of well-being were activity and participation (β=0.303, P<.0001), followed by prosthesis satisfaction (β=0.257, P<.0001), pain interference (β=-0.187, P=.001), and bimanual function (β=0.182, P=.004). Age (β=-0.036, P=.458), gender (β=-0.051, P=.295), time since amputation (β=0.031, P=.530), amputation level (β=0.042, P=.385), and hours worn (β=-0.025, P=.632) were not significant predictors of well-being. ConclusionReducing pain interference and improving clinical factors such as prosthesis satisfaction and bimanual function with their associated effects on activity and participation will positively affect the well-being of individuals living with upper limb amputation/congenital deficiency.

One Health, the Human-Animal Bond and Well-Being During the Covid 19 Pandemic

Using a One Health lens, this study explored whether the strength of the bond between humans and non-human animals would predict well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the substantial existing research done over the last several decades, we hypothesized that the presence of non-human animals (NHAs) may be linked directionally to well-being. Participants were recruited to this online survey using social media. A demographic survey as well as the World Health Organizations’ Well-being Scale (WHO5) and 10-item Pet Attachment Scale (PAS) were used. Results showed that the human-animal bond, as measured by the 10-item PAS, was the only significant predictor of well-being. The bond with NHAs itself was influenced by the role non-human animals play, with the strongest bond among those who reported that they considered NHAs to be family members. The article concludes that preserving and supporting the human-animal bond during stressful and dangerous times, such as a pandemic, is an important mental and physical health protective strategy that governments should support.

Psychosocial Influences on Coping and Wellbeing during the Covid-19 Lockdown in the Early Days of the Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Research.

This study focuses on the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on wellbeing and uses a mixed methods design to develop a more profound understanding about adaptive coping during stressful situations. The quantitative phase of this study examined the association between psychological capital, perceived stress, coping and wellbeing. The online survey was conducted in May 2020 and had 257 participants. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results showed that the hypothesized model had an adequate fit [χ2(306, N = 257) = 547.185, p = 0.00]; and that both psychological capital and perceived stress were significant predictors of wellbeing. Significantly, young people reported a more negative impact on their wellbeing during the lockdowns. In the subsequent qualitative phase, in-depth interviews with 21 voluntary participants (14 females and 7 males) suggested that individuals could reappraise stressful situations and use coping strategies for psychosocial adaptation. From this research, it was identified that especially the younger age group is at risk, and that that psychosocial resources, such as psychological capital, could be developed to enhance coping and wellbeing with the ongoing impacts of the pandemic.

Does the self-reported playfulness of older adults influence their wellbeing? An exploratory study

Aim: Older adults represent a growing demographic in Australia who are at an increased risk of isolation, loneliness, and experiencing poorer overall health. Thus, the need for understanding factors that influence older adults’ wellbeing is important. Emergent research into adult playfulness has shown positive associations with indicators of wellbeing, but limited research has been conducted in older adults (60+). This study investigated whether types of playfulness present in Australian older adults (60+) were predictive of their wellbeing. Method: An online survey was administered (n = 123) using the Other-directed, Light-hearted, Intellectual, Whimsical (OLIW) Playfulness Scale and the PERMA-Profiler wellbeing measure to explore playfulness types and its influence on self-reported wellbeing. Multiple linear regression analysis with bootstrapping was completed to determine if any significant relationships between OLIW and PERMA-Profiler subscales existed. Results: Playfulness was a significant predictor of wellbeing. The OLIW Other-directed subscale (enjoyment of others, using playfulness in tense situations) was the greatest predictor of PERMA-Profiler subscales with OLIW Intellectual and Whimsical subscales making smaller contributions. Conclusion/implications: Playfulness was shown to be a significant contributor to wellbeing in older adults and should be used as a part of occupational therapy intervention, especially when considering social activities.

Attitudes to Interpersonal Touch in the Workplace in Autistic and non-Autistic Groups

Unemployment and underemployment have consistently been shown to be higher in autistic adults relative to non-autistic adults. This may be due, in part, to a lack of workplace accommodations being made for autistic people. One factor that may contribute to employment inequalities in autistic people is differences in attitudes towards interpersonal touch. This study acts as a preliminary investigation into whether employed autistic and non-autistic participants differ in their attitudes towards touch in the workplace, and in their loneliness and wellbeing. The current dataset was drawn from a larger online survey (the Touch Test) designed to explore attitudes and experiences towards touch. We found that employed autistic participants had more negative attitudes to general, social and workplace touch relative to non-autistic participants. Autistic participants also experienced greater loneliness and reduced wellbeing. Attachment-related anxiety was the only significant predictor of wellbeing in employed autistic adults. However, attachment-related anxiety, general attitudes to touch and the role of touch in the workplace predicted wellbeing in employed non-autistic adults. With regards to loneliness, general attitudes to touch and the role of touch in the workplace predicted loneliness in autistic participants. We also replicated the finding that a greater proportion of autistic participants were unemployed relative to non-autistic participants. Collectively, this research highlights the importance of considering touch in research investigating employment, and its impact on loneliness and wellbeing, in autistic participants.

An Empirical Research on the Relationship Between Moral Maturity and Peace in Sufis

Araştırmanın amacı sosyo-psikolojik yöntemlerden faydalanarak betimsel bir yaklaşım ile sufilerin ahlaki olgunluk ve huzur düzeylerini etkileyen faktörleri incelemek ve ahlaki olgunluk ile huzur arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 23 yaş ve üzeri Çorum, Kırıkkale, Ankara ve İstanbul illerinde yaşayan 5 yıl ve üzeri süredir tasavvufi yaşantı içerisinde olan bireylerden amaçlı ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 740 erkekten oluşmaktadır. Batı’da ve ülkemizde hayat memnuniyetlerini ifade için kullanılan psikolojik iyi oluş ve mutluluk üzerine çeşitli çalışmalar yapıldığı fakat huzur ve sufilerin yaşantısı konusunda çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırma ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen uygulamalı çalışmalara huzur kavramı ve tasavvufi yaşantı konusunda katkı sunacaktır. Ahlaki olgunluk ve huzuru sufilerden oluşan katılımcılar üzerinde inceleyerek bu konudaki bilgi birikimine katkılar sunmak araştırmanın hedefleri arasındadır. Demografik özellikleri tespit etmek amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ile birlikte katılımcıların ahlaki olgunlukları ile huzur düzeylerini belirlemek için Şengün ve Kaya’nın geliştirdiği “Ahlaki Olgunluk Ölçeği” ve Demirci’nin geliştirdiği “Huzur Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 66 maddelik Ahlaki Olgunluk Ölçeğinin “Cronbach Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı” .87 ve 8 maddelik Huzur Ölçeğinin “Cronbach Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı” da .73 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ulaşılan veriler SPSS 25.0 istatistik programına aktarılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda katılımcıların ahlaki olgunluk seviyelerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, sufi grup içerisinde bulunma süreleri ve ahlaki olgunluk seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşma olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların kendilerini grup üyesi görme düzeyi arttıkça, ahlaki olgunluk düzeylerinin de arttığına işaret etmektedir. Örneklemin tasavvuf ritüellerini düzenli olarak yapmaları ve ahlaki olgunlukları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulgulanmıştır. Tasavvuf ritüellerini düzenli olarak yapan grubun ahlaki olgunluk düzeyinin ritüellerini yapmayan grubun ahlaki olgunluk düzeyinden yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örneklemin ortanın üzerinde bir huzur düzeyine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Örneklemin gruba giriş yılı ile huzur düzeyleri arasında da anlamlı ilişki bulgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların grupta bulunma süresi arttıkça, huzur düzeylerinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Örneklemin tasavvufa ait ritüellerini düzenli olarak yapmaları ile huzur düzeyleri arasında ileri düzeyde bir anlamlılık olduğu görülmüştür. Tasavvufa ait ritüellerini düzenli olarak yapan grubun huzur düzeyinin ritüellerini yapmayan grubun huzur düzeyinden yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genel ahlaki olgunluk ve genel huzur arasında orta düzey pozitif yönlü (r=,30; p=,00) bir ilişki bulgulanmıştır. Katılımcılarda ahlaki olgunluğa ilişkin düzey arttıkça katılımcıların huzur seviyesi de artmaktadır. Ayrıca, ahlaki olgunluğun huzurdaki varyansın %9’unu açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu oran, katılımcıların huzurlarının belirleyicilerinden birisinin ahlaki olgunluk özellikleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Ahlaki olgunluk huzurun anlamlı ve önemli bir yordayıcısıdır ve ahlaki olgunluğun artması huzuru etkilemektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları temel hipotez ile alt hipotezlerin istatistiksel açıdan doğrulandığını ve ahlaki olgunluğun huzurun önemli ve anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Chinese English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Job Satisfaction, Resilience, and Their Psychological Well-Being.

Job satisfaction, resilience, and teacher well-being, as the three major psychological variables emotioncy- based education, have received special attention among English as a foreign language (EFL) researchers. To pursue the line of this inquiry, this particular study aimed to investigate the relationship between Chinese EFL teachers’ job satisfaction, resilience, and their well-being. To conduct the study, 343 Chinese EFL teachers with different academic qualifications, various academic degrees, and different majors voluntarily participated in this study. The results of the study showed that job satisfaction and resilience could jointly predict 56.4 of the variance in psychological well-being. Both variables were the significant predictors of well-being, while job satisfaction was a better predictor, uniquely explaining 29.6 of well-being’s variance. Based on the findings, some pedagogical implication for administrators, educational institutions, and EFL teachers were discussed in the article.

ASSESSING GRIT AND WELL-BEING OF MALAYSIAN ESL TEACHERS

Purpose – Seligman’s well-being theory of PERMA has been proven fruitful in defining various well-being constructs across different fields of study. With a growing interest in teacher psychology research abroad, PERMA has been unveiled as a rewarding prospect for the well-being of second language (L2) teachers. Nonetheless, the contribution of PERMA to the well-being and grit of L2 teachers in Malaysia remains unclear. Thus, this study (1) examined the influence of PERMA on the well-being and grit of Malaysian teachers of English as a second language (ESL); and (2) analyzed the mediating impact of positive emotion in the relationship between grit and well-being. Methodology – A priori power analysis was conducted to identify the sample size for this study. Hence, a convenience sample of 91 primary ESL teachers from Kuala Lumpur participated in this cross-sectional study. Data obtained were analyzed via multiple regression and mediation analysis using SPSS v20. The analysis of the indirect effects of the mediation model was complemented with a bootstrap procedure based on Hayes’s PROCESS Macro. Findings – The regression analysis confirmed the significant impact of PERMA on both well-being and grit. Analysis of the regression coefficients (β) displayed that engagement and accomplishment influenced significant changes in grit. Engagement was also a significant predictor of well-being. The mediation model portrayed positive emotion as a partial mediator in the association between grit and well-being. Significance – The meaningful interaction of PERMA with well-being and grit may not only encourage ESL teachers to flourish, correspondingly, it may elevate the well-being of learners in L2 classrooms.

Predicting Big Five Model Personality Traits in Recent Social Context

The theory of the five great factors of personality (Big Five theory) is currently considered to be the best at explaining the most individual variability in terms of personality factors between subjects. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the recent social context, and to determine whether social support can act as a moderating factor in the process. While previous research has established that personality traits are significant predictors of well-being, the extent to which the big five personality traits influence social well-being remains unknown. This research paper employs a qualitative method based on a deductive research approach, as the author used deductive logic to predict the big five model personality traits in a recent social context. Five personality traits were found to be significantly related to the overall social context and social support functions as a determinant in the relationships between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism/openness and social context. Numerous studies now concur, and there is a high degree of consensus in the literature regarding the Big Five theory as a useful theory for identifying and describing the major general factors of personality.