Significant Predictors Of Anxiety Research Articles

Burnout syndrome, anxiety, and depression symptoms among workers in radiation field

BackgroundJob burnout is defined as physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion due to persistent work stress, and it includes emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism (CY), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA) and usually leads to symptoms of depression, lack of motivation, and decreased enthusiasm. Previous studies from different countries have suggested that job burnout, depression, and anxiety are a common work-related problems. This study aims to assess for job burnout, depression, and anxiety among radiation workers in order to investigate the effects of radiation exposure during work on the mental health. This comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 208 workers in the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) and the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA) at Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Study participants were divided into 2 groups: 1st group which included 104 workers among radiation field and 2nd group which included 104 workers and employees who do not often work among radiation field. Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (MBI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were used to assess for burnout, depression, and anxiety among study participants.ResultsThe prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, burnout, and among workers inside radiation field group were statistically significantly higher than those working outside radiation field group. Work type (WIRF) and number of working hours per week (> 40 h) were the significant risk factors for all the burnout, depression, and anxiety, while age (> 40–60 years old) was a significant predictor for depression, female gender was a significant predictor for anxiety, and both age (20–40 years old) and years of experience (≤ 10 years) were significant predictors for burnout among workers inside radiation field.ConclusionsBurnout, depression, and anxiety are common among workers inside radiation field with higher prevalence and severity than those working outside radiation field. Younger age, fewer years of experience, and more working hours per week are significantly associated risk factors for burnout among workers inside radiation field.

How teacher characteristics shape Chinese undergraduate EFL learners’ enjoyment and anxiety

ABSTRACT Emotion research in second language acquisition has flourished under the growing influence of Positive Psychology in recent years. This mixed-method study explored the effects of teacher characteristics on learners’ foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) in the Chinese educational context. A total of 347 EFL (English as a foreign language) learners from a provincial key university filled out an online questionnaire. Results showed that participants with male teachers reported more FLE than those with female teachers. Multiple regression analyses revealed that teacher characteristics predicted much more variance in FLE than in FLCA. Teachers’ happiness was the strongest predictor of learners’ enjoyment, while teachers’ strictness was the most significant predictor of anxiety. Qualitative data on students’ enjoyable and anxiety-provoking experiences regarding teachers also indicated that participants experienced more FLE with humorous, patient, supportive, happy, encouraging, and friendly teachers, yet teachers who were strict, frequently practiced random calls, and only spoke English in class would evoke participants’ FLCA. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications for foreign language teaching at the collegiate level are provided.

The Role of Social Support in the Transition from Lower- to Upper-Secondary School in Slovenia: Anxiety in Focus

The complexities of individual (developmental changes) and contextual (change of school) factors interact during a school level transition period. The current study focuses on one aspect of possible difficulties, namely anxiety, and one potential support mechanism, specifically social support from family and peers, and their interplay during the school year when transitioning to a higher level of education. The study monitors anxiety levels of Slovene students (N = 115, 69.6% females) and the role of their social support through their transition using a longitudinal design with four time points—at the beginning of the school year, at the middle of the school year, at the end of the school year, and at the beginning of the new school year after the transition—in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from an unconditional growth model show a significant difference in anxiety at the initial measurement, while the change in time is insignificant. The findings show that peer support is a significant predictor of anxiety at all four time points and that family support is a significant predictor of anxiety at three of the four time points (not significant at the end of school year). Students who report a higher sense of peer and family support report less anxiety. As identified in the study, social support is an important protective factor for higher anxiety levels; therefore, it is important to provide mechanisms of social support during a transition and throughout the pre- and post-transition school years.

P-469 Tackling Anxiety and Depression in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome: The role of chronic illness-related shame, self-compassion and psychological flexibility

Abstract Study question What predicts depressive and anxiety symptoms in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome? Summary answer Chronic illness-related shame emerged as the only significant predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women with an MRKH diagnosis. What is known already An MRKH diagnosis may elicit a range of emotions, such as depression, sadness, anxiety, shock and shame. Feelings of being different may induce shame, which has been associated with psychopathological symptoms. Depression and anxiety are more prevalent in women facing an MRKH diagnosis when compared to women without this condition. Younger age and a more recent diagnosis are risk factors for developing depressive and anxiety symptoms. Although emotion regulation processes, as self-compassion and psychological flexibility, have proven to ameliorate the impact of chronic illnesses on the mental health of those affected, studies addressing these processes in MRKH patients are scarce. Study design, size, duration Cross-sectional study. Several European patients’ associations disseminated the study through their social media platforms. The online invitation to participate encompassed detailed information regarding the study’s aims and procedures, inclusion criteria, and the voluntary and anonymous nature of the participation. Informed consent was mandatory. Data collection occurred between February and September 2023. Participants/materials, setting, methods 75 women aged 18-60 (M=31.04, SD=9.70), presenting an MRKH syndrome diagnosis for 14.07 years (SD=10.17). Most participants had undergone medical treatment (n=47, 62.70%). Participants completed online a set of standardized self-report measures: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Chronic Illness-related Shame Scale (CISS), Compassion, Engagement and Actions Scales (CEAS) and Psy-Flex. Regression analyses using chronic illness-related shame, self-compassion and psychological flexibility as independent variables and depressive and anxiety symptoms as dependent variables were conducted. Main results and the role of chance Depressive symptoms showed a significant negative correlation with age (r=-.35, p=.002) and time since diagnosis (r=.31, p=.006). Depressive symptoms were also positively and significantly correlated with the CISS (r=.43, p<.001) and negatively significantly with the actions subscale of the CEAS (r =-.29, p=.010) and with the Psy-Flex (r=-.42, p<.001). Anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with the CISS (r=.48, p<.001) and negatively significantly with the actions subscale of the CEAS (r =-.25, p = .029) and with the Psy-Flex (r=-.37, p=.001). The linear regression model was significant [r2=.25; F(1, 71)=15.19; p<.001], explaining 25% of depressive symptoms. The only significant predictor was chronic illness-related shame (β=.29; p=.013). The regression model considering anxiety symptoms as the dependent variable was also significant [r2=.22; F(1, 73)=22.30; p<.001]. A similar pattern was found with chronic illness-related shame (β=.39; p<.001) also emerging as the only significant predictor of anxiety. Women who underwent medical treatment revealed significantly less depressive symptoms and chronic illness-related shame when compared with those who did not. Limitations, reasons for caution The cross-sectional design does not allow for causal inferences. Results should also be interpreted cautiously due to limitations derived from the recruitment and data collection procedures (e.g., sampling bias, self-selection concerns, exclusion of participants not using social media or online platforms), restricting the possibility of making generalizations. Wider implications of the findings When working with women presenting an MRKH diagnosis it is important to consider the role of chronic illness-related shame, given it may contribute to a higher vulnerability of developing depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that psychological interventions targeting shame may be adequate approaches for MRKH patients. Trial registration number not applicable

Mental Health, Sleep Quality, and Psychological Well-Being during the Holy Month of Ramadan.

Ramadan, a significant month for Muslims, presents unique challenges, particularly in the context of the USA. This study aimed to explore the relationship between mental health factors (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep quality, and psychological well-being (subjective happiness and life satisfaction) during the month of Ramadan among participants and by gender. This study enlisted 163 participants (74% female, 25.7% male), with an average age of 36.8 years (SD = 13.1), mostly of Middle Eastern descent. Recruitment was conducted via flyers at local community mosques, social media, and outreach through local religious leaders. Data collection took place in the last three weeks of Ramadan, utilizing a Qualtrics survey that included the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models using SPSS version 28. The study indicates that while mental health and psychological well-being remained within normal levels during Ramadan, sleep scores indicated significant sleep disturbance among participants. Multiple linear regression models revealed that subjective happiness, sleep duration, and the global PSQI score were significant predictors of stress for the total sample (F = 9.816, p = 0.001). Life satisfaction was the only significant predictor of anxiety (F = 7.258, p = 0.001), and it, alongside subjective happiness, significantly predicted depression (F = 12.317, p = 0.001). For men, subjective happiness alone predicted stress, while life satisfaction was a predictor for both anxiety and depression (F = 4.637, p = 0.001). In women, sleep duration and medication usage were linked to stress but not anxiety. Life satisfaction and subjective happiness were, however, predictors of depression (F = 6.380, p = 0.001). Fostering positive affective states can serve as a protective mechanism against the potential psychological distress associated with altered sleep patterns and lifestyle changes that accompany Ramadan. This study highlights that Ramadan is a tool for bolstering happiness and life satisfaction, thereby lowering levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. In non-Muslim majority contexts like the USA, there is a need for accommodations to safeguard against potential psychological distress.

Mental Health Disorders in Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19, Mashhad, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are directly involved in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at higher risk of psychological disorders. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the risk factors related to mental health disorders in HCWs active in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation performed between April 2020 and May 2020 at five referral centers in Mashhad, Iran. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IESR), and VAS (for fear from COVID-19) to assess depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and fear related to COVID-19 were filled. Risk factors were evaluated by the regression model. Results: Mean ± SD age of participants was 33.84 ± 7.03 years. Most were females (64.2%). Of 360 participants, 252 had some degree of an anxiety disorder (70%), 63.8% had depression, 55.8% had insomnia, and 72.8% had distress. Work experiences (OR: 0.94, 95% CI = 0.901- 0.983, p = 0.007), exposure to COVID-19 patients (OR: 2.54, 95% CI = 1.37-4.69, p < 0.001), and job status (OR: 1.40, 95% CI = 1.19 -1.54, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of anxiety. Age (OR: 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05-1.27, p = 0.002), exposure to COVID-19 patients (OR: 1.95, 95% CI = 1.04-3.64, p = 0.037), work experience (OR: 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78-0.93, p < 0.001), having children (OR: 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39- 0.87, p = 0.008), and being infected with COVID-19 (OR: 9.95, 95% CI = 1.92-51.64, p < 0.001) were the significant independent factors for depression in participants. Conclusion: COVID-19 could significantly affect HCWs mental health status, specifically depression. By targeting these predictors, health policymakers can reduce the burden of psychological disorders in HCWs.

Understanding Mental Health Needs and Predictors of Anxiety in Emirati Female Students in Higher Education

The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress range between 5% to 70% globally. Many students experience these mental health conditions as they go through transitional periods in life, such as starting higher education. This study aimed to explore mental health concerns, specifically depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of sleep, in Emirati female university students, a topic that has been understudied in the Middle East. We used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess 23 bilingual (Arabic/English) female adolescent Emirati students in the UAE. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. We found that most participants had normal levels of depression and stress, but over 60% of them had moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Additionally, a substantial majority reported poor sleep quality. Stress was a significant predictor of anxiety, explaining 53.3% of the variance in anxiety scores. Although other factors influence anxiety, stress seems to be a substantial contributor. This study investigates the pervasive issue of anxiety among adolescent Emirati female students, with stress emerging as a major contributing factor. The preliminary findings underscore the imperative for additional research. Our exploration provides a roadmap for a comprehensive evaluation of mental health concerns within this population, offering valuable insights into potential preventive and intervention strategies that warrant further investigation.

Mental Health Impact of Bullying by Ethnic Peers in Senior Housing: A Study with Older Korean American Residents in the Greater Los Angeles Area

ABSTRACT Using data from Korean-American residents (N = 343) in subsidized senior housing in the Los Angeles area, we examined the effect of peer bullying on mental health. About 18% of the sample had been a target of bullying, and over 31% had witnessed someone being bullied. Being a target of bullying was a significant predictor for both depressive symptoms and anxiety, whereas witnessing other residents being bullied was a significant predictor for anxiety only. Findings shed light on the adverse mental health impacts of peer bullying among ethnic minority older residents in senior housing.

Predictors of Mental Health and Job Burnout of Secondary School Teachers in Owerri Education Zone I, Imo State Nigeria

Aim of the Study: The study examined the predictor of mental health and job burnout of secondary school teachers in Owerri Education Zone I, Imo State Nigeria. Design/Methodology: 312 teachers from six government-owned secondary schools, participated in this cross-sectional survey study. Along with information on demographics, health-related behaviours, and resilience, the survey tools included the anxiety, stress and depression scale and burnout inventory for educators survey via hierarchical multiple regression analyses and descriptive statistics. Findings: Descriptive statistics were used in the study, and the findings indicated that 10.0% of teachers experienced severe anxiety, 7.3% had severe or extremely severe stress, and 4.3% had severe depression. According to the findings of the study on teacher burnout using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, emotional exhaustion was significantly predicted by age, marital status, family economic status, frequency of exercise, drinking, and resilience; depersonalisation was significantly predicted by drinking, and personal accomplishment was significantly predicted by resilience. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses for the mental health of teachers also showed that age, family economic status, resilience, and exercise frequency were significant predictors of depression; gender, marital status, resilience, and sleep were significant predictors of stress; and marital status, family economic status, exercise frequency, smoking, and resilience were significant predictors of anxiety. Practical Implications: In order to help teachers better grasp the benefits of exercise and sleep for their mental health, schools should collaborate with nearby mental health centres to offer programmes that may be attended in person or virtually in enhancing mental well-being and lowering teacher burnout. Originality/value: This study is the first in Imo State, Nigeria to offer a thorough Teacher Wellness Programme in addition to offering a thorough analysis of teachers’ mental health and burnout. This study offers personal and professional development tools that public health professionals and school administrators can use to improve mental health and reduce teacher burnout.

Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorder among married women exposed to violence in rural area, Ismailia, Egypt: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundDomestic abuse is a widespread health issue that negatively impacts both mental health and quality of life. ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of domestic violence and anxiety among women visiting primary healthcare facilities in the rural Ismailia governorate. MethodsBetween October 2021 and December 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random methods were used to choose the participants from those who attended a clinic. 350 married women were included in the estimated sample size. By using an interview questionnaire, data were gathered including the following parts: The socio-demographic data, designed scale for assessment of violence and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton anxiety scale. ResultsThe prevalence of domestic violence was 41% and both physical and sexual abuse was 43%. The most predominant sexual abuse was practice without consent (63%). The prevalence of anxiety was 76%, the predominance was mild degree 46% followed by mild to moderate 18%. The significant predictors for anxiety in the total sample were the increase in age of women, rural residence, and exposure to abuse (OR = 11.2 (4.9–25.4). The use of the husband's stimulant drugs was the most predictor factor for women's abuse (OR = 2.3 (1.4–3.9). Conclusionforty-one of the women exposed to every form of violence, anxiety was present in more than three-quarters of the studied women. It is essential to screen any wife attending primary health care for the manifestation of domestic violence especially in rural areas and increase the awareness of family physicians towards screening of mental health problems.

Burden of Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study from North India.

Patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to psychiatric co-morbidities. We aimed to ascertain the burden of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in patients with IBD from north India. Consenting adult patients with an established diagnosis of IBD were enrolled. The enrolled patients filled the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. The patient and disease characteristics were analyzed to determine the correlations and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities. A total of 318 patients (255 UC, 63 CD; mean age 40.13 ± 12.06years, 168 [52.8%] males; mean partial Mayo score 2.10 ± 2.35; and mean HBI 2.77 ± 2.13) were enrolled. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and moderate to high perceived stress was 14%, 12%, and 41%, respectively. Females had higher mean perceived stress, anxiety and depression scores compared to males. The partial Mayo score (PMS) correlated poorly with anxiety (ρ = 0.083, p = 0.187), depression (ρ = 0.123, p = 0.49) and perceived stress (ρ = 0.169; p = 0.007). The Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI) correlated fairly with anxiety (ρ = 0.336, p = 0.007) and poorly with depression (ρ = 0.287, p = 0.022) and perceived stress (ρ = 0.20; p = 0.117). Younger age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97; p = 0.001) and hand-grip strength (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.88-11.42; p = 0.001) predicted anxiety in patients with UC while rural area of residence (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.03-21.98; p = 0.046) and HBI (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.29; p = 0.009) were significant predictors of anxiety in patients with CD. Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with IBD, with higher prevalence in females. Young adults with UC and sarcopenia; and individuals with active CD living in rural areas are at an increased risk of anxiety.

P382 The burden of anxiety, depression and perceived stress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study from north India

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to psychiatric co-morbidities. We aimed to ascertain the burden of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in patients with IBD from north India. Methods Consenting adult patients with an established diagnosis of IBD were enrolled. The enrolled patients filled the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. The patient and disease characteristics were analyzed to determine the correlations and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities. Spearman’s rho (ρ) was used for assessment of correlation between disease attributes and psychological disorders. Results A total of 318 patients (255 UC, 63 CD; mean age 40.13±12.06 years, 168 [52.8%] males; mean partial Mayo score 2.10±2.35; and mean HBI 2.77±2.13) were enrolled. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and moderate to high perceived stress was 14.15%, 12.57%, and 41% respectively. Females had higher mean perceived stress, anxiety and depression scores compared to males. The partial Mayo score (PMS) correlated poorly with anxiety (ρ=0.083, p=0.187), depression (ρ=0.123, p=0.49) and perceived stress (ρ=0.169; p=0.007). The Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI) correlated fairly with anxiety (ρ=0.336, p=0.007) and poorly with depression (ρ= 0.287, p=0.022) and perceived stress (ρ=0.20; p=0.117). Younger age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97; p=0.001) and hand grip strength (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.88-11.42; p=0.001) predicted anxiety in patients with UC while rural area of residence (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.03-21.98; p=0.046) and HBI (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.29; p=0.009) were significant predictors of anxiety in patients with CD. Conclusion Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with IBD, with higher prevalence in females. Young adults with UC and sarcopenia; and individuals with active CD living in rural areas are at an increased risk of anxiety.

Predictors associated with symptoms of depression & anxiety during the COVID-19 among MENA immigrants in Houston, Texas

Very limited knowledge is available regarding the mental health of the immigrant population in the USA. We aim to assess the factors affecting the mental health of immigrants living in Houston from war-inflicted and stable countries of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) origin during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the MENA immigrants using a validated survey of sociodemographic, general health, and COVID-19 questions. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of depression and anxiety. The outcome of interest was categorized as “moderate or severe” versus “minimal or mild” for depression and anxiety. Total of 94 participants completed the study, with the sample rate of "moderate or severe" symptoms of anxiety and depression being 29.78% and 64.89%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis for depression showed that immigrants from war-inflicted countries of origin were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression compared to immigrants from stable countries (OR = 0.082, 95% CI 0.012–0.551). Individuals with excellent overall health (OR = 0.074, 95% CI = 0.013–0.414) had a significantly lower likelihood of “moderate or severe” depression than those who reported fair/poor health. Non-smokers (OR = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.012–0.377) were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression in comparison to those who engage in smoking behavior. Participants who responded to the question that they tried hard to avoid thoughts of COVID-19 were less likely to have symptoms of “moderate or severe” depression compared to participants who responded, “No” (OR = 0.110, 95% CI = 0.017–0.712). Those who have” excellent/good knowledge” (OR = 0.0146, 95% CI = 0.022–0.946) about the prevention of COVID-19 spread were less likely to have “moderate or severe” depression compared to those who had “average/poor/terrible”. Multivariable regression analysis revealed smoking as a significant predictor of anxiety, with non-smokers demonstrating a lower likelihood of experiencing "moderate or severe" anxiety than smokers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.84). MENA immigrant communities in the USA have diverse immigration experiences, cultural backgrounds, and instability issues in their home countries, possibly elevating the risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Predictors identified should be considered by policymakers when developing targeted interventions to ensure the mental and social well-being of immigrant communities in the USA.

Irrational Beliefs, Resilience and Mental Health of University Students

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between irrational beliefs, resilience, and mental health in university students. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, 400 online participants from various Pakistani universities were a part of this study, predominantly female (72.3%), aged 18-25 years (MA= 22.17; SD= 2.42). Data was collected using Irrational Belief Inventory (Al-Heeti et al., 2012),Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008) and Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (Smith et al., 2008). Our independent variables were irrational beliefs (IBs) and resilience, while the dependent variable was students' mental health. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Hierarchical Regression, and Independent Sample t test were used. The results indicated that irrational beliefs likeworrying, rigidity, problem avoidance, and demand for approval were positively associated with mental health issues. However, emotional irresponsibility and resilience were negatively linked to mental health issues. All sub types of IBs were significant predictors of depression whereas, rigidity, problem avoidance and emotional irresponsibility were significant predictors of anxiety and stress.While demand for approval proved to be a significant predictor of stress. Resilience did not emerge as a significant predictor of mental health and there were no gender differences of IBs, Resilience and Mental Health Issues in university students. These findings hold implications for clinical psychologists, mental health workers, psychiatrists, and guidance counselors, suggesting that interventions like psychological therapies, behavioral techniques, college-based counseling, and family-university strategies could be incorporated into students' lives to reduce irrational beliefs and enhance mental well-being, thereby aiding their ability to cope with challenges.

Cat owners’ disenfranchised guilt and its predictive value on owners’ depression and anxiety

Abstract Numerous studies have found pets to have a beneficial effect on people’s psychological well-being, yet a growing body of research suggests that the positive impact of pet ownership is more complex than once thought and does not always lead to improved owner physical and mental health. One potential drawback to pet ownership is pet-related guilt. Research pertaining to work-family conflict and parental guilt has traditionally focused on human family members, yet the majority of pet owners consider their pets to be family members. Similar to parental guilt, dog-related guilt has been found to be associated with feelings of anxiety, depression, and reduced psychological health. The current study was designed to expand on dog-related guilt research by assessing cat owners. An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was distributed through Prolific and resulted in 604 responses for analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to predict owner depression. Gender, age, social compensatory techniques, and two guilt factors (Attention and Veterinary-related) significantly predicted depression scores. Participants’ anxiety scores, assessed with multiple linear regression, were predicted by gender, age, social compensatory techniques, and three guilt factors (Attention, Veterinary-related, and Lifestyle). Our results suggest that cat-related guilt, analogous to parental guilt, is a significant predictor of anxiety and depression. It is imperative that society recognize cat owners’ guilt, often disenfranchised; unrecognized; and unacknowledged, and help support owners’ efforts to mitigate this guilt in healthy ways.

Preschoolers and anxiety: The effect of parental characteristics.

Anxiety is a common phenomenon among children that can lead to adverse developmental outcomes. A challenging parent-child relationship and its characteristics may negatively impact the development of a child's internalizing problems. However, theoretical models on children's anxiety have not fully emphasized the contribution of parenting and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the possible correlations between parenting styles and other parental characteristics with children's anxiety. The sample consisted of 443 parents of preschool children who completed the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5. The univariate analysis included differences between demographic groups, assessed with independent sample t-tests. Associations between demographic evidence and child anxiety were estimated using χ2 tests. Binomial logistic regression analysis assessed the most important parenting characteristics contributing to a child's anxiety. A total of 24.6% of the children had borderline or clinical symptoms of anxiety. Parents whose children were anxious were more permissive than parents of nonanxious children (p < 0.001). Mothers were more authoritative compared to fathers. In addition, permissive parenting style increased the probability of a child's anxiety and maternal permissive style emerged as a significant predictor of anxiety in preschoolers (p < 0.003). This study revealed that the permissive parenting style is associated with anxiety in preschool children. Furthermore, the maternal permissive style was identified as a predictor of anxiety. Future research may address its causal effect on anxiety and other behavioral problems, focusing on multiple perspective relationships and cultural dimensions.

Toxic Stress as a Potential Factor Inducing Negative Emotions in Parents of Newborns and Infants with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease.

Parents who have a newborn with a congenital heart defect experience negative emotions, which may determine the emotional state of their children. The study group included 154 parents of newborns and infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease, before cardiac surgery and after the procedure. HADS m and PSS-10 questionnaires were used to assess parental anxiety, depression, aggression, and the level of stress. High levels of depression, anxiety, total HADS and stress were diagnosed in a large group of parents, regardless of the stage of cardiac surgery treatment. A high level of stress was associated with a higher prevalence of emotional disturbance both in the total HADS (overall) and in all its individual domains. Anxiety and depression were more common in mothers. A high level of stress was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression in parents. A high level of stress was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression in parents of infants with congenital heart disease. The parents' psychological condition is one of many potential determinants over the course of their child's treatment and recovery.

Impact of poly-victimization and resilience on anxiety: Delinquent and non-delinquent youth samples

Victims of poly-victimization reveal a higher negative impact than victims of a single type of violence. Exposure to multiple types of violence is a stronger predictor of developing worse mental health outcomes. The main objectives of this study are to verify the relationship between poly-victimization, anxiety, and resilience, compare delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents, and identify the predictors of anxiety. The sample comprises 143 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.93, SD = 1.63), of which 97 (67.8 %) were identified as young delinquents and 46 (32.2 %) as non-delinquents. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ), the Resilience Scale (RS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAIC C-2). Analysis showed a relationship between JVQ, the RS, and the STAIC C-2. Compared to non-delinquents, young delinquents reported more childhood victimization episodes, more anxiety, and less resilience. Additionally, gender, poly-victimization, and resilience are significant predictors of anxiety. The findings showed that poly-victimization and resilience affect anxiety.

How Anxious and Stressed Are Emerging Adults? The Role of Mindfulness and Intolerance of Uncertainty

The focus on mental health during emerging adulthood (EA) is necessary due to the development of mental disorders before the age of 25 and the adverse effects of stress and anxiety on psychological well-being. Mindfulness has been shown to aid in coping with stress and anxiety, while intolerance of uncertainty can lead to higher distress levels. The aim of this research was to explore the prevalence and interrelationships between anxiety, stress, intolerance of uncertainty, and mindfulness, as well as potential gender differences. The study involved 425 emerging adults, with a majority of female participants. Anxiety and stress levels were found to be mild, with anxiety tending towards a moderate level in women. Gender differences were observed solely within the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty, with women displaying higher levels of intolerance. For women, all of the measured variables correlated as expected; stress and anxiety showed moderate positive relationships with the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty but negative ones with mindfulness. Furthermore, the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty were negatively correlated with mindfulness in the female sample. Whereas for men, only anxiety and stress correlated positively, and stress also exhibited a negative relationship with mindfulness. Additionally, the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty showed low negative correlations with mindfulness. Significant predictors for anxiety were inhibitory anxiety, as one of the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty and mindfulness. On the other hand, all of the measured predictors were statistically significant for stress, indicating that being intolerant of uncertainty and less mindful were associated with higher stress levels. An identifying factor contributing to anxiety and stress during EA, for both men and women, is essential because it increases our understanding, which may lead to more efficient prevention and treatment strategies.

Depression and anxiety among persons with type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension; A cross-sectional analytical study in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care center in Puducherry

Objectives: To determine the proportion of depression and anxiety disorders; their association with sociodemographic, NCD-related factors and Quality of Life among persons with type II Diabetes Mellitus or Hypertension at a rural health center in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional analytical study recruited 692 participants from May 2020 to September 2021. A structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic and NCD-related history; The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) - BREF questionnaires for depression, anxiety and QOL assessment, respectively. Independent variables were assessed for relationship with depression and anxiety using univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: Nearly 17.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] - 13.8%–22.4%) had depression and 12.7% (95% CI - 9.5–16.7%) had anxiety. Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] - 0.97; 95% CI - 0.95–0.99), depression/anxiety disorders family history (aOR - 2.58; 95% CI - 1.26–5.26), overall QOL score reduction (aOR - 0.76; 95% CI - 0.60–0.97), and social domain score reduction (aOR - 0.98; 95% CI - 0.97–0.99) were the significant predictors of depression. No formal education (aOR - 10.84; 95% CI - 4.54–25.86), being homemaker (aOR - 3.49; 95% CI - 1.29–9.42), no DM/HTN family history (aOR - 1.51; 95% CI - 0.66–1.54), psychological domain score reduction (aOR - 0.97; 95% CI - 0.95–0.99) and environmental domain score reduction (aOR - 0.96; 95% CI - 0.94–0.98) were significant predictors of anxiety. Conclusion: Nearly one-fifth had depression and more than one-tenth had anxiety among the participants. A fair number of persons with HTN/DM have higher anxiety and depressive scores and most domains had a poor QOL score with depression alone having associated with a depression/anxiety family history.