Significant Moderating Effect Research Articles

The effect of AI on pink marketing: the case of women's purchasing behavior using mobile applications.

This research looks in detail at the dynamics of pink marketing and its effect on the purchase behavior of Saudi women through mobile applications, with an emphasis on Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a moderator. Furthermore, this study assesses the effects of customized pink marketing strategies - product, price, promotion, and place - on buying intentions and behaviors. A closed-ended questionnaire was adopted to measure constructs associated with women's mobile app purchase behavior influenced by pink marketing and AI elements. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was the study tool used to examine how AI affects women's consumer behavior and how it influences pink marketing. The results suggest that each component of the pink marketing mix significantly influences buying behavior, especially price and promotion. Additionally, AI has a significant moderating effect, improving the personalization and effectiveness of marketing activities. The results of this study highlight the essential role of AI in forming consumer engagement in the digital market, providing useful input for marketers who intend to target women in Saudi Arabia. This study complements the understanding of gender marketing in the digital era and provides a vision for the possibility of AI fundamentally changing traditional approaches.

부모의 성취압력과 진로성숙도의 관계에서 자율성의 매개효과와 학업수행능력의 조절효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to discuss implications for improving the career maturity of children and adolescents by confirming the mediating effect of the child's level of autonomy and the moderating effect of academic performance in the relationship between parental achievement pressure and career maturity. Methods The study utilized data from the 12th (2019) and 13th (2020) waves of the Korean Children Panel Survey, with a total of 1,187 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software, including reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis. Additionally, the PROCESS macro was employed to analyze the research model, specifically the 4th mediation model and the 7th moderated mediation model. Results First, parental achievement pressure had a negative impact on children's autonomy and career maturity, and autonomy had a positive impact on career maturity. Second, parental achievement pressure had a negative impact on career maturity through the mediating effect of children's autonomy. Third, a significant moderating effect of academic performance was found in the relationship between parental achievement pressure and children's autonomy. In other words, academic performance enhanced the negative impact of parental achievement pressure on autonomy. Fourth, the controlled mediating effect by academic performance ability was significant, and it was confirmed that the higher the academic performance ability, the stronger the negative mediating effect of achievement pressure on career maturity through autonomy. Conclusions Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that parents need the right parenting attitude to improve their career maturity, that supporting autonomy is helpful, and that effective parenting methods can vary depending on individual characteristics such as academic performance. In addition, the direction of follow-up research was suggested, such as comparative analysis of the effects of parenting methods according to individual characteristics, achievement pressure through qualitative research, and in-depth analysis of autonomy.

High-Performance Work Systems, Work Intensification, Health Harm and Well-Being: Mediation and Moderation Models

This study aims to examine the impact of work intensification, high-performance work systems (HPWS), and workplace well-being on health harm at Bentoel Group Cigarette Factory, Malang. Using an explanatory research approach, the study explores the mediating role of HPWS as a variable that explains the relationship between work intensification and health harm, as well as workplace well-being as a moderating variable influencing the relationships between variables. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 128 production employees in the tobacco processing section using a saturated sampling method. The analysis was conducted using SEM techniques with the SMARTPLS 4.0 software. The results show that the descriptive values of the variables of work intensification, HPWS, health harm, and workplace well-being each have good average scores. Work intensification has a significant positive effect on health harm. Additionally, work intensification has a significant negative effect on the implementation of HPWS. HPWS has a significant negative effect on health harm, indicating that HPWS can reduce health harm. HPWS also mediates the effect of work intensification on health harm with a significant positive influence. Workplace well-being was found to have a significant moderating effect, showing that increased workplace well-being can reduce the negative impact of HPWS on health harm. Keywords: High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS), Work Intensification (WI), Workplace Well-Being (WWB), Health Harm (HH)

The Effect of Product Selection in Live Streaming on Firm Performance: The Roles of Interaction, Scenario, and Brand-Consumer Congruence

ABSTRACT Purpose Live streaming e-commerce is an emerging e-commerce model within the realm of the mobile Internet, based on video-centric social media interaction. However, there is currently a lack of in-depth research on live streaming from a business perspective and the impact of product selection in live streaming on firm performance. To fill these gaps, the current study investigated how brand – consumer congruence moderates the influence of product selection in live streaming on firm performance and how this effect varies across retailers. Methodology/approach The model and hypotheses were tested by applying partial least squares regression to data collected from 302 online retailers in the Chinese live streaming market. Findings Product selection in live streaming had a significant positive impact on firm performance. Brand – consumer congruence in live rooms partially mediated the relationship between product selection and firm performance. Live room scenario matching and live room interaction had significant positive moderating effects on the main effect of product selection in live streaming on firm performance. Research implications The literature has focused on the impact of live streaming on customer purchase behavior. Few studies have explored the value of live streaming from a business-to-business marketing perspective. Our findings offer theoretical insights into the relationship between product selection and firm performance. Originality/value/contribution This is the first study to examine the value of product selection in live streaming. In addition, it reveals how product selection affects firm performance through brand – consumer congruence. Practical implications This study has implications for online retail managers based on the effect of product selection in live streaming on firm performance and the roles of brand – consumer congruence, interaction, and scenario in live streaming of business-to-business marketing.

How to improve the consistency of consumers’ food waste reduction intentions and behaviors? An analysis based on the expanded Motivation–Opportunity–Ability framework

The increasingly serious problem of food waste in China has become an important bottleneck constraining sustainable development, posing a great challenge to food security, resource and the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce food waste. However, the inconsistency between consumers’ intention to reduce food waste and their behavior weakens the effectiveness of anti-food waste efforts to some extent. Based on the extended MOA model, this study examines consumers’ intention-behavior gap in reducing food waste and explores the moderating effects of opportunity, ability and face consciousness on the conversion of food waste reduction intention into actual behavior in the context of China. In addition, we further categorize consumers into high and low face consciousness groups to explore the differences in the moderating effects of opportunity and ability. The results show that there is indeed a gap between consumers’ food waste reduction intention and behavior. In terms of the moderating effects, the factors of external environment, emotional information, and ability have a significant positive moderating effect on the conversion of food waste reduction intention into actual behavior, while rational information has no significant moderating effect. Notably, face consciousness plays a significant negative moderating effect. For the high face consciousness group, only emotional information has a significant positive moderating effect; while for the low face consciousness group, external environment, emotional information, and ability have a significant positive moderating effect. What’s more, rational information has a non-significant moderating effect on both the high and low face consciousness groups.

Work-family interference and life satisfaction: the role of life goals

ABSTRACT The interface between work and family domains has received considerable scholarly attention in recent decades due to its substantial impact on outcomes related to work, family, health, and well-being. However, individuals experience this impact differently, with some demonstrating resilience while others are more vulnerable to negative effects. In this study, we investigate the role of individuals’ life goals and gender in the work-family interface, using the framework of the work-home resources model and selfregulation theory. Using Structural Equation Modeling with data from Waves 8 and 10 of the German Family Panel (pairfam), we found that life goals significantly moderate these effects: individuals prioritizing agentic goals feel the detrimental impact of work-to-family interference (WtFI) on life satisfaction more intensely than those who prioritize communal goals and those whose goals are balanced. In contrast, the effect of family-to-work interference (FtWI) on life satisfaction was significant only for individuals prioritizing communal goals, with no significant moderation effect observed across the other life goal groups. We observed no significant gender difference in the impact of either WtFI or FtWI on life satisfaction. We also discuss potential theoretical and practical implications in light of our findings.

Within-person relationship between employment insecurity and mental health: a longitudinal analysis of the Understanding America Study

BackgroundEmployment insecurity is a socioeconomic factor influencing mental health, yet the empirical evidence supporting this claim has important limitations. The fluctuations in employment insecurity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic offered a...

Sign language in d/deaf students' spoken/written language development: A research synthesis and meta‐analysis of cross‐linguistic correlation coefficients

AbstractThis paper presents the first systematic review and meta‐analysis on cross‐linguistic correlations between sign language and spoken/written language competences in bilingual d/Deaf learners. A total of 202 effect sizes were identified based on 70 independent samples that appeared in 52 studies from 1981 to 2023 (N = 3570). The effect sizes involved seven sign language correlates (e.g., fingerspelling, phonological awareness [PA], lexico‐semantic knowledge) and eight spoken/written language correlates (e.g., PA, lexico‐semantic knowledge, word reading, reading comprehension). Estimated mean correlations of 26 cross‐linguistic relationships ranged from r = 0.322 (p < 0.001) for sign language PA and reading comprehension to r = 0.645 (p < 0.001) for fingerspelling and word reading. Among other moderators, age/grade (elementary, secondary, vs. university/adult), signer status (native vs. non‐native), program type (bilingual vs. Total Communication/SimCom), and task type (passage vs. sentence comprehension) either showed significant moderation effects or resulted in differing size (small, medium vs. large) in the correlation coefficients among subgroups of primary studies. The meta‐analytic findings lend support to the legitimate application of linguistic interdependence, common underlying proficiency, cross‐linguistic transfer facilitation, and their associated constructs to the educational development of signing/bimodal bilingual learners. The moderator analysis results, in particular, have shed light on the conditioning of linguistic interdependence and transfer and expanded current understandings about the complexity of the issue and its practical implications in bilingual deaf education.

Gender Equality in the Division of Housework and Fertility Intentions in Canada: The Moderating Effect of Employment and Education

Drawing on the Gender Revolution Framework, this research uses data from Canada General Social Survey and binary logistic regression to examine how the gender division of housework influences fertility intentions among partnered women aged 18–39 ( N = 1589), across various employment and education levels. Unadjusted results showed that women who shared household routine tasks (cooking, cleaning, dishes, and laundry) and intermittent tasks (grocery shopping, organizing social life, finance, and bill paying) with their partner had higher intentions to have children. The adjusted findings revealed that women’s employment status moderated the relationship between gender division of household routine tasks and fertility intentions, while education had no significant moderating effect. Employed women who did not share equally household routine tasks with their spouse had a lower probability of intention to have children (0.22), compared to their unemployed counterparts (0.48). The findings have significant implications for social and family policies that are discussed in detail.

Performance Shortfall, Top Management Team Faultlines, and R&D Investment: Evidence from China

With the increasing uncertainty of the world economic situation, enterprises are facing the pressure of downward performance, and R&D has been an important strategic choice to solve the performance fall problem of high-tech enterprises. The article tries to explore the changes in the R&D investment intensity of enterprises under different performance lag levels and investigate the influence of the combination of characteristics of top management team(TMT) members on the strategic decision-making process. It is found that the relationship between the degree of performance disparity and R&D investment intensity is inverted U-shaped; the strength of the fracture faultline of the top management team negatively regulates the relationship between the degree of performance disparity and R&D investment and makes the inverted U-shaped curve flat. A further study of specific characteristic fracture bands revealed that team fracture bands based on tenure characteristics had a significant negative moderating effect, while professional and functional background fracture bands had a significant positive moderating effect. This study not only theoretically expands the understanding of the performance shortall and TMT disconnection on the deep-seated motivation of enterprise R&D investment, but also provides practical references for solving the problem of performance gap, optimizing the allocation of TMT human resources, and rationally promoting enterprise R&D investment to achieve transformation.

Self-control and knowledge sharing on Chinese farmers’ credit default: Part-time salary as a moderator

In China's rural financial market, farmers’ credit default has resulted in a high non-performing loan (NPL) rate and increased financial risk. This work uses structural equation model (SEM) to study the factors of farmers’ credit default. The results show knowledge sharing would be the key factor, while the self-control variable is not significant. Knowledge sharing has three levels of dimensions among farmers. Financial knowledge is ranked in order of importance, followed by market and agricultural technology knowledge. At the same time, part-time job salary has a significant moderate effect between knowledge sharing and credit default. This work innovatively constructs two levels of rationality and emotion to analyze the credit default, and expands the application of behavioral finance in the field of farmer credit. The findings have some inspirations for reducing farmers' credit default risk.

Studying the Moderating Effects of Additive Manufacturing Best Practices Between Supply Chain Complexity and Its Performance

Background: Supply chain performance (SCP) is impacted by complexity brought about by static and dynamic drivers. This study aims to investigate the effects of supply chain complexity (SCC) on SCP and ascertain whether additive manufacturing best practices have moderating effects on this relationship. Methods: Using data from 29 Ethiopian footwear industries and 205 respondents, the relationship established in the theoretical framework was validated using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: The study’s findings provided several important insights. First, upstream supply chain complexity (USSCC), midstream supply chain complexity (MSSCC), and downstream supply chain complexity (DSSCC) negatively affect SCP. Second, additive manufacturing best practices have significant moderation effects between supply chain complexity and supply chain performance. Third, the negative impacts of USSCC and MSSCC on SCP are reduced at a higher level of additive manufacturing adaptation. The findings of this study also revealed that the effects of DSSCC on SCP have no difference at both low and high levels of additive manufacturing best practices. Conclusions: This work offers the first empirical investigation to which the detrimental effects of SCC on SCP are mitigated or improved through the moderating role of additive manufacturing best practice.

Effect of green trade barriers on export enterprise green technological innovation from the perspective of the low-carbon city pilot policy

The low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCPP) is an important part of achieving “dual carbon” goals and promoting green technology innovation (GTI) in Chinese export enterprises. This study integrates Green Technical Barriers to Trade (GTBTs), LCCPP, and the GTI of exporting enterprises into a unified framework based on data from A-share market Chinese non-financial export enterprises from 2007 to 2021 and discusses how export enterprises should optimize green innovation resource structure with support from LCCPP to facilitate enterprise GTI when facing GTBTs. Several findings are uncovered: (1) GTBTs have a significant negative impact on the GTI of Chinese export enterprises, and the LCCPP significantly mitigates the negative impact of GTBTs on export enterprises’ GTI. (2) After distinguishing the heterogeneous characteristics of export enterprises, the moderating effect of the LCCPP becomes even more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, general trade enterprises, and enterprises whose export destinations are high-income countries. (3) Further exploration of the moderating effect of the LCCPP with different policy instruments and intensities is needed. We found the best moderating effect on export enterprises’ GTI under high policy intensity, and only market-based policy instruments had a significant moderating effect. These findings provide direction for policymakers expanding the pilot scope of low-carbon cities as well as theoretical support for realizing foreign trade growth for sustainable development.

Relationship between mindfulness and meaning in life among university students: roles of social support and the experience of being left behind

University students, particularly those with experiences of being left behind, face difficulties dealing with the many changes that cause psychological problems, and meaning in life plays a protective role in this process. Mindfulness and social support have emerged as potential factors influencing meaning in life. Although previous studies have revealed a link between mindfulness and meaning in life, few studies have examined this relationship from the perspective of the experience of being left behind. A sample comprising 1205 university students was used for the study. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess the degrees of mindfulness, social support, meaning in life, and the experience of being left behind. We established four moderated mediation models to test the moderation and mediation effects. The results of a moderated mediation analysis revealed that social support and its dimensions mediated the effect of mindfulness on meaning in life. The impact of family support on meaning in life was moderated by the experience of being left behind, and friend support and other types of support had no significant moderating effects. Specifically, the moderating effect of the experience of being left behind significantly attenuated the impact of family support on meaning in life, whereas no significant weakening effect was observed for friend support or other types of support. Therefore, psychological education should emphasize the compensation role of friend support and other social connections in the psychological problems caused by the experience of being left behind, and appropriate mindfulness intervention is suggested.

Maternal alexithymia and caregiving behavior: the role of executive functioning -A FinnBrain Birth Cohort study.

The growing interest in parental cognition calls for research clarifying how cognition interacts with other parenting determinants to shape caregiving behavior. We studied the interplay between executive functioning (EF; cognitive processes that enable goal-directed thinking and behavior) and alexithymic traits (characterized by emotion processing/regulation difficulties) in relation to emotional availability (EA; the dyad's ability to share an emotionally healthy relationship). As EF has been reported to shape parents' ability to regulate thoughts and emotions during caregiving, we examined whether EF moderated the association between maternal alexithymic traits, and EA. Among 119 mothers with 2.5-year-olds drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort, EF was measured with Cogstate tasks, alexithymic traits with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and caregiving with the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS). More alexithymic traits on the TAS-20 subscale Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) were associated with poorer caregiving in a hierarchical regression analysis (ΔR2 = 0.05, p = .01). A marginally significant moderation effect was found when adding the EOTxEF interaction term to the model (ΔR2 = 0.03, p = .06). These associations weakened slightly when controlling for education level. Estimation of simple slopes and a Johnson-Neyman figure indicated a significant association between higher EOT and lower EAS, that increased in strength as EF decreased from the group mean level. The influence of cognitive alexithymic traits on EA could be especially pronounced among low EF parents, but further studies are needed to support and extend the findings. The potential role of parental reflective functioning in this context is discussed.

Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Methanolic Leaf Extract of C. digyna for Cytotoxic, Anti‐inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antiarthritic, and Analgesic Activities

ABSTRACTCaesalpinia digyna (Family: Fabaceae) is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for various medicinal purposes, including as a treatment for wounds, leprosy, skin diseases, fever, diabetes, etc. Although the root and stem of this plant have a significant medicinal value, there was little research on the leaves of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the qualitative phytochemical profile and evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiarthritic activities, as well as the in vivo anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities, of C. digyna leaf extract. The methanolic extract of C. digyna leaves was prepared using an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction process. In vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory activities were evaluated using the hypotonicity‐induced hemolysis and carrageenan‐induced paw edema methods, respectively. Additionally, the extract was assessed for in vitro DPPH (1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging, antiarthritic (protein denaturation), and in vivo analgesic (acetic acid‐induced writhing and tail immersion) activities. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSLB) showed moderate cytotoxic activity (LC50 = 2.25 μg/mL) compared with the standard vincristine sulfate (LC50 = 1.61 μg/mL). In vitro, anti‐inflammatory activity exhibited 85.13% (IC50 value = 2.51 μg/mL) inhibition of Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane lysis at a concentration of 2000 μg/mL whereas in vivo anti‐inflammatory study exerted its maximum effect (p < 0.05) at 400 mg/kg bw dose. This extract also showed significant antioxidant (IC50 = 0.218 μg/mL), antiarthritic (83.61% inhibition) activity, and moderate analgesic effect (p < 0.05) in both methods. These research findings indicated that C. digyna leaves extract has potent antioxidant, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory effects which can be used as a supplementary medication for inflammatory pain‐relieving factors. In future, finding the mechanism involved in these effects could have significant impact on clinical science.

A Meta-Analysis of the Moderators in the Relationship Between Morphological Awareness and Chinese Reading Accuracy

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to deepen the understanding of the relationship between morphological awareness and Chinese reading accuracy by exploring the factors that influence this connection through a meta-analysis. Method We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 84 articles, comprising 104 effect sizes and a sample of 14,348 children (mean ages = 3.76 to 13.79 years). The study examined potential moderators such as script type (traditional and simplified script), age, and the type of reading accuracy measure (word and character reading), as well as the interaction between these moderators on the abovementioned relationship. Results The analysis revealed that script type was a significant moderator in the relationship. The correlation between morphological awareness and word/character reading was stronger in traditional script than in simplified script. Age also had a significant moderating effect in the relationship, with the correlation increasing significantly with age. However, neither the type of reading accuracy measure nor the interaction between measure type and script type significantly moderated the relationship between MA and Chinese reading accuracy. Conclusion The moderation by script type suggests that the differences in morpheme orthography between the two scripts can affect the relationship between morphological awareness and reading accuracy. The moderator of age indicates that the influence of morphological awareness on reading accuracy may grow stronger as children get older. The lack of a moderating effect by the type of reading accuracy measure suggests that the correlation between morphological awareness and word/character reading is consistent across these measures.

Evaluation of Glymphatic System Development in Neonatal Brain via Diffusion Analysis along the Perivascular Space Index.

Glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system associated with numerous neurological diseases. However, little is known about glymphatic system development in neonates. We sought to evaluate diffusion along the perivascular space (ALPS) index, a proxy for glymphatic system function, in neonates and investigate its potential associations with maturation, sex, and preterm birth. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in 418 neonates, including 92 preterm neonates (57 males) and 326 term neonates (175 males), from the Developing Human Connectome Project were used for evaluating ALPS index. Linear regression modeling was performed to assess group differences in the ALPS index according to preterm birth and sex. Pearson's and partial correlation analysis were performed to assess the association between the ALPS index and gestational age (GA) as well as postmenstrual age (PMA) at MRI. Moderation analysis was performed to assess the moderation effect of preterm birth on the relationship between the ALPS index and PMA. Compared to term neonates, preterm neonates exhibited lower ALPS indices (p < 0.001). The ALPS index positively correlated with PMA (p = 0.004) and GA (p < 0.001). Preterm birth (p = 0.013) had a significant moderation effect on the relationship between the ALPS index and PMA. Sex had no significant direct effect (p = 0.639) or moderation effect (p = 0.333) on ALPS index. Glymphatic system development is a dynamic process in neonates, which can be moderated by preterm birth, the ALPS index could serve as a sensitive biomarker for monitoring this process. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:970-980.

Managerial support's moderating role in Indonesian lecturers' career insight

Lecturers' academic careers as professional workers have a different process from other workers. Understanding career insights is important for lecturers in carrying out their profession. this research aims to test the moderating effect of managerial support on the influence of career motivation and self-concept on career insight. this research uses quantitative methods, data collection uses instruments with a 1-5 Likert scale. Respondents were 499 lecturers in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis technique uses SEM PLS. The research results show that career motivation and self concept have a positive effect on lecturers' career insight. meanwhile, managerial support does not have a significant moderating effect on the influence of career motivation and self concept on career insight. this research recommends the need for efforts to increase the role of managerial support in increasing lecturers' career insight. this is an opportunity for further research with different theoretical and methodological aspects.

ESG certification, green innovation, and firm value: A quasi-natural experiment based on SynTao Green Finance's ESG ratings: A pre-registered study

This pre-registered study executes the empirical design approved in the associated pre-registered report (Bai et al., 2024) to investigate the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) certification on green innovation and firm value. Using the first release of ESG ratings by SynTao Green Finance as a quasi-natural experiment, the study reveals several key findings: 1) ESG certification significantly increases the quantity of green innovation while demonstrating no substantial impact on its quality. 2) the increase in green innovation quantity is primarily driven by the alleviation of financing constraints and enhanced monitoring, while the quality remains unaffected due to managerial opportunism. 3) the quality of green innovation significantly enhances the positive impact of ESG certification on firm value, whereas the quantity of green innovation does not have a significant moderating effect. These findings provide significant implications for firms aiming for green development and for emerging markets seeking to improve ESG disclosure regulations.