Significant Interaction Research Articles

Design, one-pot novel synthesis of substituted acridine derivatives: DFT, structural characterisation, ADME and anticancer DNA polymerase epsilon molecular docking studies

A novel type of reaction synthesis of an acridine derivative alkaloid of 9-chloro-1-methylacridine-4-carboxylic acid (CMAC) and structurally characterised. FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-mass spectrometry were used. Density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the electronic properties of the molecular structures, including the frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), NLO material properties, RDG studies, and global chemical reactivity descriptors. Furthermore, Theoretical IR, a vibrational wavenumber was obtained for the title compound by simulation and compared with the experimental wavenumbers. Vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA) software was used for potential energy decomposition (PED) analysis. Finally, the bioavailability of the title compound was examined by (ADME/Tox) absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. DNA polymerase epsilon, which carries a P301R substitution (PDB ID: 6g0a), was used as the receptor for employing an in silico molecular docking process. The docking study revealed the significant interactions between the receptor active sites and the CMAC ligand.

Abstract 6142: Interactions of processed meat and red meat intake with pathway-based polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer: A novel approach for PRSs construction

Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and second cause of cancer death worldwide. Established CRC risk factors (E) include high red meat and processed meat intake. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported over 200 genetic variants associated with CRC risk. We used functional annotation data to identify subsets of GWAS variants within known pathways and constructed corresponding pathway Polygenic Risk Scores (pPRS). We evaluated pPRS by E interactions to determine whether genes within specific pathways interacted with meat intake to impact CRC risk. Methods: A pooled sample of 54,531 CRC controls and 48,260 cases of European ancestry from 27 studies were analyzed. Study-specific quartiles for red and processed meat intake were generated through in-person interviews and structured self-administered questionnaires. Variants were imported to AnnoQ for annotation (n=203) and analyzed for overrepresentation in PANTHER-reported pathways with Fisher’s exact test. Standard approaches were used to compute polygenic risk score weights relating the 203 variants to CRC. The subset of weights corresponding to each of five pathways were then used to compute the corresponding pPRS. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models evaluated pPRSxE interactions with red meat and processed meat intake. Results: A total of 34 unique variants were overrepresented in five pathways: Apoptosis signaling, Alzheimer disease-presenilin, Wnt-signaling, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and TGF-beta signaling. We found a statistically significant interaction between TGF-beta-pPRS and red meat intake (p = 0.0012). Stratified analyses reported a dose-response trend in the red meat and CRC risk association, with decreasing estimates of red meat and CRC risk association, comparing first to fourth quartiles of meat intake, with increasing quartiles of TGF-beta-pPRS: 13% (Q1), 12% (Q2), 7% (Q3), and 6% (Q4). This association remained significant after adjustment for all other variants (p = 0.0013), and all other pPRS with variants that did not overlap with the TGF-beta-pPRS (p = 0.0012). Independent GxE interaction models for individual variants that were included in the TGF-beta pathway showed significant interactions with red meat for rs2337113 (intron SMAD7 gene, Chr18), and rs2208603 (intergenic region BMP5, Chr6) (p = 0.013 & 0.0108, respectively). We did not find significant pPRS x red meat interactions for the other four pathways or with any pPRS x processed meat. Conclusion: This pathway-based interaction analysis revealed a statistical interaction between SNPs in the TGF-beta pathway and red meat consumption that impacts CRC risk. These findings shed light into the possible mechanistic link between CRC risk and red meat consumption. Citation Format: Joel Sanchez Mendez, Mariana C. Stern, Yubo Fu, John Morrison, Juan P. Lewinger, Eric Kawaguchi, Bryan Queme, Huaiyu Mi, Flora Qu, Ulrike Peters, Li Hsu, Stephen B. Gruber, Li Li, Michelle Cotterchio, Loic Le Marchand, Andrew J. Pellat, Elizabeth A. Platz, W James Gauderman. Interactions of processed meat and red meat intake with pathway-based polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer: A novel approach for PRSs construction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6142.

Effect of chain extension on processability and mechanical properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) copolyester is a new type of biodegradable polymer material, but it cannot meet the market requirements because of its poor thermal stability. In this work, P34HB with a low degree of cross‐linking was successfully prepared by incorporating a small amount of a multiple epoxy chain extender, known as Joncryl ADR‐4380 (styrene‐methacrylic acid glycidyl ester copolymer), through reactive extrusion. The rheological properties, thermal stability, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the materials were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel content test showed that there was a significant chemical interaction between P34HB and ADR4380, and a cross‐linked structure was produced. Compared with pure P34HB, the samples after chain extension showed improved rheological properties, with increased viscosity and melt elasticity due to the formation of a gel network. Thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic time scanning experiment, and melt flow index (MFI) provided strong evidence for the enhanced of thermal stability of P34HB. The onset decomposition temperature of P34HB increased by 13.5°C, and its MFI decreased from 23.30 to around 5 at 170°C, and the complex viscosity remained relatively stable with time after modification. In terms of mechanical properties, the maximum elongation at break increased by 88.08% due to the improvement of toughness.

Abstract 877: Molecular and radiographic profiling of lung cancer in never-smokers

Abstract Gene expression changes in nasal and bronchial epithelium, and quantitative features from chest CT reflect the presence of lung cancer in current and former smokers and can serve as biomarkers. Between 10-20% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed in patients who have never smoked (<100 lifetime cigarettes) and biomarkers could assist the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules discovered incidentally in this population. We compared lung cancer-associated gene expression and radiomic features in never-smokers and ever-smokers. Nasal epithelial RNA was isolated and sequenced from brushings collected at UCLA from 73 patients presenting to interventional radiology for biopsy for suspected lung cancer. Limma was used to identify genes with lung cancer-associated expression in never-smokers by comparing 13 patients with benign nodules with 14 patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Similarities between cancer-associated genes in never-smokers and those previously identified in ever-smokers were assessed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Next, using all 73 samples, genes whose lung cancer-associated expression is modified by smoking status were identified via an interaction term. Radiomic features for 46 patients (31 ever-smokers, 15 never-smokers) were extracted using PyRadiomics, including features from the interior of the nodule and perinodular features generated 10, 15, and 20 mm away from the boundary of the nodule. A binomial model was used to identify features with a significant interaction effect between cancer and smoking status. We identified 74 genes decreased and 84 genes increased in cancer in never-smokers (p < 0.005), controlling for age and median TIN. Genes changed in ever-smoker lung cancer patients were significantly enriched among the genes most associated with lung cancer in never smokers (GSEA; p = 0.0059 and p = 4.38e-15). Next, there were 51 genes with a p-value < 0.01 for the cancer*smoking interaction term. Lastly, four radiomic features were associated with the perinodular term for cancer and smoking status (FDR< 0.2), including two nodular and two boundary features. These results suggest that lung cancer-associated gene expression differences in ever-smokers are preserved in never-smokers, suggesting the potential relevance of previously derived biomarkers for this population. There may also be never-smoker-specific gene expression patterns associated with lung cancer. Our radiomic findings suggest that both nodular and perinodular characteristics may be important predictors of malignancy. Citation Format: Minyi Lee, Anil Yadav, Gang Liu, Steven Dubinett, Jennifer Beane, William Hsu, Ashley Prosper, Denise Aberle, Marc Lenburg. Molecular and radiographic profiling of lung cancer in never-smokers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 877.

Association of the Intensive Blood Pressure Target and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Population With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study in Korea.

Recently, the target systolic blood pressure (BP) <120 mm Hg was suggested in the population with chronic kidney disease. We aimed to determine the applicability of intensified BP and to assess the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the population with chronic kidney disease. Participants who were >20 years old and had estimated glomerular filtration rate 15 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 during 2009 to 2011 were included from the database of Korean National Health Insurance Service and were followed up to 2018. Participants were categorized by BP as <120/80 mm Hg; 120 to 129/<80 mm Hg; 130 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg; ≥140/90 mm Hg. The primary outcome was CVD risk and the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and progression to end-stage renal disease followed by subgroup analysis. Among the 45 263 adults with chronic kidney disease, 5196 CVD events were noted. In Cox regression analysis, higher BP was associated with a higher risk for CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.12-1.19]; P for trend <0.001), end-stage renal disease (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.22-1.37]; P for trend <0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.06-1.13]; P for trend <0.001) than BP <120/80 mm Hg. In subgroup analysis, the association between BP and CVD showed a different trend in participants taking antihypertensives compared with those not using antihypertensive drugs. When comparing BP-treated individuals to untreated individuals, a significant interaction in the association between BP categories and end-stage renal disease was observed. The new intensive BP target proposed by 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes should be applied to patients with chronic kidney disease in a personalized and advisory manner.

A cellulosomal double-dockerin module from Clostridium thermocellum shows distinct structural and cohesin-binding features.

Cellulosomes are intricate cellulose-degrading multi-enzymatic complexes produced by anaerobic bacteria, which are valuable for bioenergy development and biotechnology. Cellulosome assembly relies on the selective interaction between cohesin modules in structural scaffolding proteins (scaffoldins) and dockerin modules in enzymes. Although the number of tandem cohesins in the scaffoldins is believed to determine the complexity of the cellulosomes, tandem dockerins also exist, albeit very rare, in some cellulosomal components whose assembly and functional roles are currently unclear. In this study, we characterized the structure and mode of assembly of a tandem bimodular double-dockerin, which is connected to a putative S8 protease in the cellulosome-producing bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum. Crystal and NMR structures of the double-dockerin revealed two typical type I dockerin folds with significant interactions between them. Interaction analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR titration experiments revealed that the double-dockerin displays a preference for binding to the cell-wall anchoring scaffoldin ScaD through the first dockerin with a canonical dual-binding mode, while the second dockerin module was unable to bind to any of the tested cohesins. Surprisingly, the double-dockerin showed a much higher affinity to a cohesin from the CipC scaffoldin of Clostridium cellulolyticum than to the resident cohesins from C. thermocellum. These results contribute valuable insights into the structure and assembly of the double-dockerin module, and provide the basis for further functional studies on multiple-dockerin modules and cellulosomal proteases, thus highlighting the complexity and diversity of cellulosomal components.

Understanding the synergistic interactions between photo-Fenton and photocatalytic reactions in hemin-anchored SnO2

Sensitization of wide-gap metal oxides by the porphyrins has been promising to utilize the major fraction of solar light for photocatalytic reactions. In this context, rutile-SnO2 was anchored with hemin complex and their performance was evaluated for the 4-nitro phenol (4-NP) degradation under UV/visible light. Driven by the significant interactions between -COOH and surface -OH functional groups of hemin and SnO2 respectively, a new linkage O=CO-Sn was formed at the interface, which was vital for charge carrier transfer between them. Both X-ray diffraction studies and scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that the surface hemin adsorption did not alter the crystal structure and the morphology of pristine SnO2. The light absorption properties revealed a red shift in the optical response of the composite, which facilitated the photocatalytic reactions to operate under visible light. The electrochemical and photoluminescence measurements collectively attested to the enhanced charge carrier separation in the composite compared to pure SnO2. The synergism arising from the photo-Fenton and photocatalytic reactions was derived from the cyclic reactions of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and oxidation of hydroxyl radicals by the valence band holes of SnO2 with H2O2 under UV light. In contrast, the sensitization process resulted in electron transfer from the excited state of hemin to the conduction band (CB) of SnO2 under visible light. Such distinct mechanistic pathways by the metal oxide-porphyrin composite would be promising for wastewater purification under UV–visible light region in near future.

Optimizing indicated cognitive behavioral therapy to prevent child anxiety and depression: A cluster-randomized factorial trial

Identifying effective components can lead to interventions that are less resource-intensive and better suited for real-world needs. In this 2×2×2 cluster-randomized factorial trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04263558), we investigated the effects of three components of an indicated, transdiagnostic CBT intervention for children: 1) Intervention Delivery Format (child group format versus a blended format with group sessions and automated web-based sessions), 2) Parental Involvement in the intervention (group-based versus psychoeducational brochure), and 3) a Measurement Feedback System (MFS; on versus off). The intervention was delivered at schools in a group-based format. The participants (N = 701 children) were school children (age 8–12 years) with elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression, and their parents. The main outcomes were self-reported (N = 633) and parent-reported (N = 725) symptoms of child anxiety and depression post-intervention. The secondary outcome was children's user satisfaction with the intervention. We did not find significant main or interaction effects of Delivery Format, Parental Involvement, or MFS on children's symptom levels. There were no significant effects on children's user satisfaction. Results were compatible with retaining the least resource intensive combination (i.e., blended format, parental brochure, no MFS) in an optimized intervention.

Optimization and mechanism of the novel eco-friendly additives for solidification and stabilization of dredged sediment.

Solidification/stabilization technology is commonly used in the rehabilitation of dredged sediment due to its cost-effectiveness. However, traditional solidification/stabilization technology relies on cement, which increases the risk of soil alkalization and leads to increased CO2 emissions during cement production. To address this issue, this study proposed an innovative approach by incorporating bentonite and citrus peel powder as additives in the solidifying agent, with the aim of reducing cement usage in the dredged sediment solidification process. The research results showed that there is a significant interaction among cement, bentonite, and citrus peel powder. After response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, the optimal ratio of the cementitious mixture was determined to be 14.86 g/kg for cement, 5.85 g/kg for bentonite, and 9.31 g/kg for citrus peel powder. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the solidified sediments reached 3144.84 kPa. The reaction products of the solidification materials, when mixed with sediment, facilitated adsorption, gelation, and network structure connection. Simultaneously, the leaching concentration of heavy metals was significantly decreased with five heavy metals (Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) leaching concentrations decreasing by more than 50%, which met the prescribed thresholds for green planting. This study demonstrated the ecological benefits of employing bentonite and citrus peel powder in the solidification process of dredged sediment, providing an effective solution for sediment solidification.

Depicted simulation model for removal of second-generation antipsychotic drugs adsorbed on Zn-MOF: adsorption locator assessment.

Electronic durable behavior on the material surface was accompanied by a class of antipsychotic drugs (APD) to describe the surface modification in the designed adsorption model. Hierarchically Zn-MOF system was utilized for estimating its capacity for drug molecule removal. Geometrically optimized strategy on the studied systems was performed using DFT/GGA/PBE. FMOs analysis was depicted based on the same level of calculations, and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP) was generated for unadsorbed and adsorbed systems to illustrate the variation in the surface-active sites. By interpreting the electronic density of states (DOS), the atomic orbital can be identified as a major or minor electronic distribution by PDOS graph. Adsorption locating behavior was considered to detect the significant surface interaction mode between APD and Zn-MOF surface based on lower adsorption energy. The stability of the adsorbed model was best described through dynamic simulation analysis with time through elevated temperatures. The non-covalent interactions were described using RDG/NCI analysis to show the major favorable surface interaction predicting the highly stable adsorption system. The most accurate geometrical computations were performed using the materials studio software followed by surface cleavage and vacuum slab generation. The first principle of DFT was used to apply CASTEP module with GGA/PBE method for band structure and DOS calculations. Three systems of antipsychotic drugs were computationally studied using CASTEP simulation package and adsorbed on an optimized Zn-MOF surface. Adsorption locator module predicted the preferred adsorption mechanistic models, in which the first model was arranged to be more stable, to confirm the occurrence of some interactions in the adsorption mechanism.

Effect of letermovir initiation on tacrolimus concentrations among lung transplant recipients receiving concomitant azole antifungal prophylaxis.

The antiviral letermovir has been increasingly used as off-label cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients. Observational studies have reported notable increases in tacrolimus (FK) exposure following letermovir; however, whether a significant interaction occurs in the setting of existing moderate-to-strong CYP3A4 inhibition is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate FK trough changes before and after letermovir among lung transplant recipients receiving azole antifungal prophylaxis. This retrospective cohort study included lung transplant recipients newly initiated on letermovir between 2019-2022 following valganciclovir intolerance. Tacrolimus doses and concentrations were collected up to 30 days before and after the letermovir start date. No pre-emptive FK dose adjustments occurred prior to letermovir initiation. Patients admitted to the hospital or lacking an appropriately timed trough in the pre- or post-period were excluded. A total of 78 lung transplant recipients receiving FK (1.5mg median total daily dose) and itraconazole (56.4%), isavuconazole (25.6%) or posaconazole (17.9%) prophylaxis were included. Letermovir was started at a median of 8.4 months post-transplant. The pre-/post-letermovir median FK trough was 9.6/9.0ng/mL (p = .151), median dose-corrected trough was 4.2/4.7ng/mL/mg (+11.9%, p = .032), and median weight-based dose-corrected trough was 362/326 [ng/mL]/[mg/kg/day] (-9.9%, p = .036). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients within their goal trough range before and after letermovir initiation (62%vs. 72%, p = .229). Empiric FK dose adjustments do not appear warranted before letermovir initiation in lung transplant recipients receiving antifungal prophylaxis with moderate-to-strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

Using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to assess the effect of cupping therapy on the spatial hemodynamic response of the biceps muscle: A preliminary study.

The local hemodynamic response after cupping therapy has been considered as a contributing factor for improving muscle tissue health; however, the effects of cupping pressure and duration on the spatial hemodynamic response have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic response inside and outside the cupping cup under various pressures and durations of cupping therapy. A 3-way factorial design with repeated measures was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of the location (areas inside and outside the cup), pressure (-225 and -300 mmHg) and duration (5 and 10 min) on the hemodynamic response of the biceps muscle. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess hemodynamic changes in 18 participants. A significant three-way interaction of the location, pressure, and duration factors was observed in oxyhemoglobin (p= 0.023), deoxy-hemoglobin (p= 0.013), and blood volume (p= 0.013). A significant increase was observed in oxyhemoglobin, blood volume, and oxygenation compared to pre-cupping (p< 0.05) in the area outside the cup. Our findings indicate that an appropriate combination of cupping pressure and duration can effectively affect the spatial hemodynamic response of the biceps.

Iron-carbohydrate complexes treating iron anaemia: Understanding the nano-structure and interactions with proteins through orthogonal characterisation

Intravenous (IV) iron-carbohydrate complexes are widely used nanoparticles (NPs) to treat iron deficiency anaemia, often associated with medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure and various inflammatory conditions. Even though a plethora of physicochemical characterisation data and clinical studies are available for these products, evidence-based correlation between physicochemical properties of iron-carbohydrate complexes and clinical outcome has not fully been elucidated yet. Studies on other metal oxide NPs suggest that early interactions between NPs and blood upon IV injection are key to understanding how differences in physicochemical characteristics of iron-carbohydrate complexes cause variance in clinical outcomes. We therefore investigated the core-ligand structure of two clinically relevant iron-carbohydrate complexes, iron sucrose (IS) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), and their interactions with two structurally different human plasma proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen, using a combination of cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Using this orthogonal approach, we defined the nano-structure, individual building blocks and surface morphology for IS and FCM. Importantly, we revealed significant differences in the surface morphology of the iron-carbohydrate complexes. FCM shows a localised carbohydrate shell around its core, in contrast to IS, which is characterised by a diffuse and dynamic layer of carbohydrate ligand surrounding its core. We hypothesised that such differences in carbohydrate morphology determine the interaction between iron-carbohydrate complexes and proteins and therefore investigated the NPs in the presence of HSA and fibrinogen. Intriguingly, IS showed significant interaction with HSA and fibrinogen, forming NP-protein clusters, while FCM only showed significant interaction with fibrinogen. We postulate that these differences could influence bio-response of the two formulations and their clinical outcome. In conclusion, our study provides orthogonal characterisation of two clinically relevant iron-carbohydrate complexes and first hints at their interaction behaviour with proteins in the human bloodstream, setting a prerequisite towards complete understanding of the correlation between physicochemical properties and clinical outcome.

Social anxiety moderates the association between adolescent irritability and bully perpetration.

Preliminary work suggests anxiety moderates the relationship between irritability and bullying. As anxiety increases, the link between irritability and perpetration decreases. We hypothesize that any moderation effect of anxiety is driven by social anxiety symptoms. We sought to explicate the moderating effect of anxiety, while clarifying relations to other aggressive behaviors. A sample of adolescents (n = 169, mean = 12.42 years of age) were assessed using clinician rated assessments of anxiety, parent reports of irritability and bullying behaviors (perpetration, generalized aggression, and victimization). Correlations assessed zero-order relations between variables, and regression-based moderation analyses were used to test interactions. Johnson-Neyman methods were used to represent significant interactions. Irritability was significantly related to bullying (r = .403, p < .001). Social, but not generalized, anxiety symptoms significantly moderated the effect of irritability on bully perpetration (t(160) = -2.94, b = -.01, p = .0038, ΔR2 = .0229, F(1, 160) = 8.635). As social anxiety symptoms increase, the link between irritability and perpetration decreases. Understanding how psychopathology interacts with social behaviors is of great importance. Higher social anxiety is linked to reduced relations between irritability and bullying; however, the link between irritability and other aggression remains positive. Comprehensively assessing how treatment of psychopathology impacts social behaviors may improve future intervention.

Collaboration in in-service teacher training - the missing link between empirical evidence and practice?

ABSTRACT Cooperative learning is an evidence-based teaching strategy that has positive effects on students’ academic and social learning, but teachers use the strategy in class infrequently. Teacher collaboration has the potential to support teachers in the transformation of knowledge into the implementation of new teaching methods. In an experimental pre-test-post-test design (N = 53), an in-service teacher training with teacher collaboration for the implementation of cooperative learning in class was compared to a training without teacher collaboration. At both points of measurement, teachers’ knowledge about cooperative learning was tested and they reported on their self-efficacy beliefs for the implementation of cooperative learning and their use of cooperative learning in class, including the frequency, quality, and challenges of cooperative learning implementation. In both conditions, teachers’ knowledge and self-efficacy beliefs, and the quality of their use of cooperative learning increased strongly, whereas perceived challenges decreased. A significant interaction effect occurred only for the frequency of teachers’ use of cooperative learning in class. These results are discussed against the background of the efficacy of collaboration in in-service teacher training.

Collegiate student-athlete mental health symptom trajectories across a competitive season: do training load and resilience matter?

ABSTRACT Student-athlete mental health is an important and complex issue necessitating examination of variables that may explain changes in key outcomes during training and competition periods. Further, in-season changes in mental health may be predicted by student-athlete training load or psychological resilience and should be examined further. This longitudinal study assessed changes in mental health symptoms of depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being across a competitive season and examined potential interactive effects of resilience and training load in predicting mental health symptoms over time. Participants were 160 NCAA Division I student-athletes between 18–23 years old (mean age = 19.9 ± 1.3). We measured mental health symptoms and resilience at 3 timepoints (across 12 weeks) throughout a competitive season with psychometric questionnaires. Daily training loads were also collected and then used to calculate average acute to chronic workload ratios (ACWR). Positive mental health symptoms did not change across student-athletes; whereas, negative symptoms changed over time with the highest levels of symptoms occurring in the middle of the season. Resilience was positively associated with subjective well-being and negatively associated with anxiety and depression across the study period. ACWR was not associated with depression or anxiety symptom scores but a significant interaction between ACWR and resilience was found for subjective well-being symptoms. Specifically, resilience buffered against ACWR’s negative effect on positive mental health. Results suggest the importance of student-athlete resilience during the competition season and evaluation of depression and anxiety at pre-season with mid-season re-evaluation.

Enhancing environmental sustainability in transferred farmlands through rural e-commerce: insights from China.

The issue of farmers neglecting environmental concerns in transferred farmlands poses a serious challenge, contradicting the long-term ecological goals of establishing resource-efficient and environment-friendly agriculture. Amidst the pivotal trend of moderately scaled agricultural operations, rural e-commerce holds promise as a catalyst and driving force for enhancing long-term environmental governance of transferred lands. The effectiveness and mechanisms of this potential, however, remain to be empirically examined. This study gathers panel data on environmental positive and negative externalities from six provinces in China, spanning the period from 2013 to 2022, encompassing 6372 farmers. A quasi-natural experiment of farmers' e-commerce participation is designed using difference-in-differences methodology (DID), propensity score matching (PSM), and moderating models. The primary findings are as follows: E-commerce participation increases farmers' positive environmental inputs on transferred lands, such as water-saving irrigation, adoption of social services, and preservation of traditional varieties. Simultaneously, it decreases negative environmental inputs, such as the consumption of fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films. The environmental sustainability effects of e-commerce vary across the eastern, central, and western regions of China. E-commerce has a more pronounced impact on agricultural social services and chemical pollutants in the eastern and central regions, while its influence is more significant on water-saving irrigation and variety preservation in the western region. Land transfer forms and supply order contracts do not directly promote farmers' environmentally friendly cultivation practices. Instead, they catalyze the environmental effects of e-commerce through a significant positive interaction term. These conclusions hold after matching for e-commerce participation propensity, while passing sensitivity tests, parallel trend tests, and placebo tests. Consequently, rural e-commerce, without compromising farmers' income, enhances the proactiveness of farmers in environmental conservation, transforms agricultural management practices, and effectively reduces rural non-point source pollution. Policy recommendations include reducing institutional barriers to rural e-commerce participation at the national level, encouraging the establishment of region-specific agricultural environmental sustainability goals, and leveraging the rural e-commerce industry chain to establish a nationwide environmental credit database and incentive mechanism.

Food Environments and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

IntroductionResidential food environments are one of the important determinants of cardiovascular health. However, past literature has been limited by short-term follow-ups, time-invariant environmental measurements at baseline, and/or not investigating both healthy and unhealthy aspects of the food environment. This study examines the effects of time-varying healthy and unhealthy food environments on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) over ten years, extracting data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016; N=10,413). MethodsCox proportional hazards modeling was performed with inverse probability weighting to assess the association between time-varying food environmental measures (i.e., densities of grocery stores, supercenters/club stores, full-service restaurants, and fast-food restaurants) and incident CVD over 10 years. Education level and race/ethnicity were tested as potential moderators. Analyses were conducted in 2022-2023. ResultsRace/ethnicity had a significant interaction effect with supercenters/club stores and indicated that a 1-standard-deviation increase in the density of supercenters/club stores was associated with a 6-8% lower risk of incident CVD in non-Hispanic Black (HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.70-0.87) and Hispanic older adults (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.50-0.96), but not non-Hispanic White older adults. Additionally, education had a significant interaction effect with full-service restaurants, indicating that a 1-standard-deviation increase in the density of full-service restaurants was associated with a 10% lower risk of incident CVD in individuals with 13+ years of schooling, but not those with zero to 12 years of schooling. ConclusionsFindings suggest that public policymakers should be aware of the benefits and nuances of varying food environment components as they can contribute to positive or negative cardiovascular health.

Pincer Morphology Is Not Associated With Hip Osteoarthritis Unless Hip Pain Is Present: Follow-Up Data From a Prospective Cohort Study.

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between pincer morphology and radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) over 2, 5, 8, and 10 years' follow-up and to study the interaction between pincer morphology and pain. Individuals from the prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study were drawn. Anteroposterior pelvic and false profile radiographs were obtained. Hips free of definite RHOA (Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] grade 0 or 1) at baseline were included. Pincer morphology was defined as a lateral or anterior center edge angle or both ≥40° at baseline. Incident RHOA was defined as KL ≥ 2 or total hip replacement at follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimated the associations at follow-up. Associations were expressed as unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An interaction term was added to investigate whether pincer morphology had a different effect on symptomatic hips. Incident RHOA developed in 69 hips (5%) at2 years' follow-up, in 178 hips (14%) at 5 years' follow-up, in 279 hips (24%) at 8 years' follow-up, and in 495 hips (42%) at 10 years' follow-up. No significant associations were found between pincer morphology and incident RHOA (adjusted OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.06-2.15]; adjusted OR 1.50 [95% CI 0.94-2.38]). Significant interactions between pain and anterior pincer morphology in predicting incident RHOA were found at 5, 8, and 10 years' follow-up (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.03-3.78]; OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.35-8.61]). No associations were found between radiographic pincer morphology and incident RHOA at any follow-up moment. Anteriorly located pincer morphology with hip pain, however, was significantly associated with incident RHOA. This highlights the importance of studying symptoms and hip morphology simultaneously.

Postoperative haemoglobin and anaemia-associated ischaemic events after major noncardiac surgery: A sex-stratified cohort study

Study objectiveTo determine the sex-specific associations between postoperative haemoglobin and mortality or complications reflecting ischaemia or inadequate oxygen supply after major noncardiac surgery. DesignA retrospective cohort study with prospective validation. SettingA large university hospital health system in China. PatientsMen and women undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery. Interventions and measurementsThe primary exposure was nadir haemoglobin within 48 h after surgery. The outcome of interest was a composite of postoperative mortality or ischaemic events including myocardial injury, acute kidney injury and stroke within hospitalisation. Main resultsThe study included 26,049 patients (15,757 men and 10,292 women). Low postoperative haemoglobin was a strong predictor of the composite outcome in both sexes, with the risk progressively increasing as the nadir haemoglobin concentration dropped below 130 g l−1 in men and 120 g l−1 in women (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% CI 1.37–1.50 in men, and OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.35–1.55 in women, per 10 g l−1 decrease in postoperative nadir haemoglobin). Above these sex-specific thresholds, the change of nadir haemoglobin was no longer associated with odds of the composite outcome in either men or women. There was no significant interaction between patient sex and the association between postoperative haemoglobin and the composite outcome (Pinteraction = 0.673). Validation in an external prospective cohort (n = 2120) with systematic postoperative troponin and creatinine measurement confirmed our findings. ConclusionsPostoperative haemoglobin levels following major noncardiac surgery were nonlinearly associated with ischaemic complications or mortality, without any clinically important interaction with patient sex.