Significant Diffrences Research Articles

Prognostic Impact of Bone Marrow Fibrosis and Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Bone Marrow Fibrosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

BackgroundMyelofibrosis is reported in around 40% of newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and have an important role in the pathobiology and prognosis of CML. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of bone marrow (BM) fibrosis on disease prognosis and the effects of specific tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on BM fibrosis in CML patients. MethodsThe study included 96 patients (>18 years) diagnosed with chronic phase (CP) CML. The clinical and demographic information were collected from the medical files. Post-treatment BM aspirate and core biopsy samples were analyzed for the presence of fibrosis and dysplasia. ResultsThe mean age of the study patients was 52.69 years; 47.9% of the patients were female. At the onset, 53 (63.1%) patients had BM fibrosis. The difference in the overall survival of the patients with respect to BM fibrosis grades was significant (p = .001). Within the BM fibrosis grade groups, there were significant differences between grade 0 vs. grade 2, grade 0 vs. grade 3, and grade 1 vs. grade 3 (p = .005, p = .002, and p = .003 respectively) There was no significant association between the presence of BM fibrosis at the onset and not responding to first-line therapy (p = .724). Moreover, no significant association was found between the presence of BM fibrosis at the onset and molecular (p = .623) or cytogenetic response (p = .535) to first-line therapy. Additionally, the association between the type of second-line and third-line therapy and molecular response (p = .773 and p = .424, respectively) or cytogenetic response (p = .298 and p = .641) was not significant. ConclusionAlthough BM fibrosis seems to be a crucial complication of CML with a poor prognosis, it can be reversed via TKI treatment which may result in improved survival. It might be considered to check the BM for this complication on a regular basis during therapies to test its prognostic influence in CML patients in prospective controlled trials. Further studies focused on this issue are required to utilize BM fibrosis as a candidate prognostic factor.

Sensory and Motor Differences in A Cognitive Aging Sample

AbstractBackgroundAging is associated with many different types of sensory, motor, and sensorimotor changes.Recent evidence suggests such behavior may be able to predict the risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease, potentially even before cognitive symptoms manifest. Existing studies have generally examined only particular facets of sensation and motor, rendering comprehensive comparisons of sensorimotor behavior in this sample difficult. To fill this gap, we use the NIH Toolbox® Motor and Sensation Batteries in three groups: normal controls (NC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT).MethodParticipants (N = 336) were consensus diagnosed and grouped into either NC (N = 161), MCI (N = 104), and DAT (N = 71). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Motor and Sensation Batteries. The motor battery included measures of Standing Balance, Grip Strength for both dominant and non‐dominant hands, Pegboard (dexterity) for both dominant and nondominant hands, the Walk 2 Minute, and the Walk 4 Meter. The sensation battery included measures of Odor, Visual Acuity (vision), Words‐in‐Noise, and Pain Interference. One‐way ANOVAs were conducted for each measure; effect sizes were also calculated.ResultFor all motor measures with the exception of Standing Balance, there were significant diffrences. For grip strength, NC exhibited higher strength than those in the DAT sample (medium effect). For Pegboard, DAT exhibited the weakest performance, followed by MCI (medium to large effect). In general, the DAT walked slower than MCI and NC (large effect), respectively. For sensation measures, there were no differences in visual acuity or pain interference across cognitive groups. DAT participants had decreased olfactory capacity compared with MCI and MCI to NC (large effect). The DAT group and MCI group had more difficulty distinguishing noise from words than the NC counterparts (large effect).ConclusionThis represents one of the first studies to comprehensively characterize sensory and motor changes in a cross‐sectional sample of cognitive aging. Motor changes dominated; cognitive decline appeared more sensitive to both finer motor movements such as the pegboard task and gross movement such as walking. Sensation results were more mixed. We conclude with implications for sensorimotor changes and its relationship with cognitive performance in the latter life span.

Population genetics of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in cattle in Poland: the geographical change of strain prevalence and circulation over time

BackgroundCryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a cosmopolitan parasite that infects various livestock animals including cattle. Microsatellite typing tools for identification of C. parvum subtypes are currently employed to better understand the species-specific epidemiology of cattle cryptosporidiosis. The aim of this study was to analyse the population genetics of C. parvum strains infecting cattle and recognise geographical distribution and time-span correlations in subtype prevalence in Poland. In total, 1601 faecal samples were collected from 2014 to 2018 from healthy cattle from dairy, meat and mixed breeds at the age of 1 week to 4 months. The 267 farms visited were randomly selected and represented all Polish provinces. PCR–RFLP based identification of C. parvum at the 18 small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) locus was performed, followed by strain subtyping by GP60-PCR. ResultsThe overall prevalence of C. parvum in Polish cattle was estimated at 6.2% (100/1601). Animals below the age of 1 month were the major host for this parasite. Excluding one breed, that of dairy-meat mixed, there were no significant differences observed between breed and presence of C. parvum infections (95% TPIAll breeds: 1.67–73.53%; POPR = 0.05—0.95). Infected animals were detected in 15 out of 16 Polish provinces, with significant regional prevalence diffrences (Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test, Kruskal–Wallis χ2 = 13.46, p < 0.001). When the population genetics of C. parvum strains were analysed, 11 parasite subtypes from the IIa and IId genetic families were identified. Compared to other parasite strains, IIaA17G1R1 and IIaA17G2R1 appeared at statistically significantly higher frequency (F-test, F = 3.39; p = 0.0003). The prevalence of C. parvum subtypes in cattle was breed-related (Chi-squared test, χ2 = 143.6; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe analysis of the population genetics of C. parvum subtypes showed that strains from the IIa subtype family predominated in the tested cattle population. However, relations in changes of subtype prevalence and circulation over time were observed. They were associated with the disappearance of some strains and emergence of new variants from the same genetic family in different geographical locations.

The Influence of Parenting Style on the Character of Discipline, Responsibility, and Respect for Middle Childhood Age Children

The aim of this research is to see the effect of parenting style on discipline, responbility, and respect in middle childhood. The subjects are children aged 8 and 9. Characters and parenting style of the subjects are measured by instruments that were constructed by a group of character Education Research. Based on the measurement using one-way Anova. The result shows that there are significant diffrences between characters, which are discipline, Responbility, and respect, and parenting styles, which are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful in middle childhood.

ATTITUDES OF TOURISTS TOWARDS NEW GASTRONOMY PRODUCTS

Bu çalışmanın amacı; turistlerin profilleri (demografik faktörleri ve seyahat karakteristikleri) ile yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelik tutumları (ilgi/istek, çekince/korku) arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, zengin ve özgün yerel gastronomi ürünleri ile bilinen, aynı zamanda UNESCO Dünya Gastronomi Şehirleri ağının bir üyesi olan Hatay ili, araştırmanın uygulama alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Destinasyonu ziyarete gelen turistlere anket uygulaması yapılmış ve bulgular, katılımcı gözlemlerle desteklenmiştir. Anket verilerinin analizi ile turistlerin; demografik özellikleri, seyahat karakteristikleri ile gastronomiye yönelimlerine ilişkin verilerin; frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanarak tablolaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklere ilişkin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik analizleri yapılarak, geçerlilik ve güvenirliliklerinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Turistlerin, yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelik tutum ölçeğine ilişkin vermiş oldukları yanıtların, yapılan faktör analizleri sonucunda tutumlarını ortaya koyan iki boyut (ilgi/istek ve çekince/korku) belirlenmiştir. Turistlerin, demografik özellikleri ve seyahat karakteristikleri ile yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelik tutumları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılıkların tespiti için tek yönlü ANOVA, Tukey HSD ve ikili bağımsız T testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, turistlerin demografik özelliklerinden; yaşları, cinsiyetleri ve medeni durumları ile yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelimleri arasında her iki boyutta da (ilgi/istek, çekince/korku) anlamlı farklılıklar bulunurken; eğitim durumları ile herhangi bir boyutta farklılık bulunmamıştır. Seyahat karakteristiklerinde ise; ziyaret amaçları ve ziyaret sıklıkları ile yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelimleri arasında her iki boyutta da (ilgi/istek, çekince/korku) anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu; tatil birliktelikleri ve gastronomi harcamalarının, yeni gastronomi ürünlerine yönelimlerinin sadece ilgi/istek boyutu ile arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu görülmüştür.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Maintaining Bone Health among Post-Menopausal Women in Malaysia.

Public awareness of osteoporosis is low among women in the developing countries. Health education was shown to be effective in improving knowledge and awareness on maintaining bone health. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes among post-menopausal women in Malaysia on achieving bone health throughout the menopausal transition period. A total of 116 post-menopausal female patients of orthopedic menopause clinic were recruited using a purposive sampling approach. Data on osteoporosis awareness and knowledge were collected using validated structured questionnaires Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool and Osteoporosis Attitude Knowledge Test. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between post-menopausal women's socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitude towards maintaining bone health. Participants' age ranged between 49 and 82 years (61.84, SD=7.87). The knowledge of osteoporosis varied significantly by age (p=0.014) and education (p=0.001) among the studied population. No significant diffrences were found for participants' attitude towards bone health. This study showed that the age and education levels have significantly different knowledge of bone health.

An Analysis on Competencies to Understand with Students in the Life Cycle of Teachers

이 연구는 교사의 교직발달단계별 학생이해역량의 인식 수준을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 교사의 교직발달단계별 학생이해역량 관련 국·내외 문헌연구 고찰과 전문가 자문을 통해 교사의 교직 발달 4단계를 설정하고, 심리상담역량, 생활지도역량, 진로지도역량 등 3개의 학생이해역량과 14개의 하위요소를 근간으로 설문도구를 개발하였다. 설문은 B, K지역 초등교사 269명을 대상으로 온라인 조사를 실시하였다. 결과 처리는 PASW 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 문항별 중요도와 수행도, 요구도에 따른 교직발달단계별 집단간 차이검증 및 중요도-수행도 분석(IIPA)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 첫째, 교직수행 중 초등교사가 갖추어야 할 학생이해역량의 중요도 평균값은 수행도에 비해 높았으며, 둘째, 교직발달단계별로 생활지도 역량의 우선 순위가 높고, 상대적으로 진로지도가 낮았 으며, 셋째, 교직발달단계별 하위 역량의 우선순위의 차이는 크지 않았다. 하지만 다른 집단의 교사에 비해 입직기 단계의 교사는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이 연구는 상술한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 입직기 단계인 저경력 교사를 대상으로 생활지도 및 심리상담을 위한 학생이해역량을 함양하기 위한 교사교육을 새롭게 조명해야 할 것이다.The purpose of this study was to analyze student Understanding competencies in the life cycle of secondary schools teachers. After reviewing theoretical research and empirical evidence about teachers’ job, student Understanding competency, and life cycle, the research constructed analysis criteria. Next, this study developed a questionnaire, which is composed of 3 student Understanding competency domains (14 sub-domains), by using the analysis criteria. Survery was performed from 269 teachers. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA for each factor and it was attempted to analyze the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Finally student understanding competency were significant diffrences in life cycle of school teachers. This study suggested directions and implications for educational policy in order to develop in-service teacher training or programs and teacher career development systems. Also holistic education can be approached as an alternative solution from the perspectives of ecosystem.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sebelum dan Sesudah Right Issue di BEI

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the diffrences in financial performance before and after right issue. Right issue a corporate action by the company by issuing new shares offered to existing shareholders. Sampling in this study using method purposive sampling. The samples in this research are 33 companies that conduct period 2011 – 2015. The financial performance in will be analysis through the five financial ratios namely CR, DER, TAT, ROA, and PER. This research data analysis technique using paired sample t test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results showed that significant diffrences in TAT ratio before and after the right issue. While the research for the ratios of CR, DER, ROA, and PER showed no significant difference before and after right issue. These result indicate that the company’s financial performance two years after the right issue is more efficient in utilizing company’s assets in order to increase sales.

Total antioxidant stress and total oxidant stress levels in geriatric patients with open heart

The aim at this study is to compare the association with oxidative stress with the patients over and below the age of 65, who underwent an open heart surgery. In our prospective and a single-center study, 45 patients, undergoing an elective isolated on-pump CABG and heart-valve surgery, were included. The patients were divided into two groups, including Group I (at the age of 65 over) and Group II (at the age of 65 and below). The serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) values were assessed in the patients, by taking blood at the first hour before and after the pump. There is no statisti-cally significant diffrences between preoperative and postoperative TAS and TOS values within the groups. However, the postoperative TOS value in Group I is statistically greater than Group II. TAS and TOS in organism is affected by many factors. Futher controlled studies are needed on this topic.

Impact of nutrition intervention on anthropometric parameters and KAP score on nutritional status of non-insulin dependent diabetics

Ninety non-insulin dependent male diabetics in the age group of 40-60 years free from serious complications of diabetes were selected from the Ludhiana Mediways Hospital under the supervision of diabetologist .Selection was based on their fasting and post prandial blood glucose level followed by blood pressure.The selected subjects were divided into three groups I, II and III, each group having thirty subjects. The subjects of group I was not given any supplement or intervention whereas the subjects of group II and III were given intervention in the form of 10 gm of Broccoli floret and leaf powder, to be incorporated in missi roti for a period of 3 months. Along with supplementation, nutrition counseling was also given. The nutrition education was given for 3 months during supplementation after 15 days interval to the subjects of group II and III through individual and group contact.Subjects were imparted nutrition education regarding the disease, its symptoms, causes, complications and dietary modifications using appropriate charts, health benefits of broccoli, benefits of physical exercise by individual and group contact during the feeding trails. The anthropometric measurements of the subjects were measured. Significant improvements were observed in weight only,and no significant diffrences were found in BMI, MUAC and TSFT of the subjects in Group II, and III after study. There were also a significant increase (P&gt;0.01) in the knowledge, attitude and practice score obtained by the subjects in II, and III and a non-significant increase (P&gt;0.01) was seen in knowledge, attitude and practice score of the subjects in Group I. Therefore, it can be reported from the results that nutrition education significantly improved the nutritional status of the diabetics. Nutrition counseling by the dietician plays an important role in the management of diabetes. There is a need to conduct well designed community based diabetes prevention programme to stem the rising trends of diabetes in the country.

Peculiarities of Endurance Development in 10th-11th Graders

The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the endurance development in the 10th- and 11th- graders of the secondary school and to define the interrelation between the types of endurance.Research Methods: review and analysis of literature on the problem under study, observations, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics.The experiment took place at secondary school No. 122 of Kharkiv in September 2014 through October 2014, and lasted for four weeks. To study the high schoolers’ level of endurance, we used the following tests: suspension on horizontal bar (s), bending and unbending of arms in the lying position (number of times), gym mat sit-ups with hands behind the head in 1 minute (number of times), “eight” test with a tennis ball. The Ruffier Index was determined, too. There were two groups created for the purposes of the experiment. The first experimental group consisted of ten boys of the 10th grade. The other experimental group consisted of ten boys too, but they were 11th-graders. The experiment covered physical training classes conducted three times a week. The conditions of the experiment were the same for all the pupils.Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the endurance level revealed no significant diffrences in the readiness of the 10th- and 11th-graders, but for the level of statistical strength endurance, in which the 11th-graders showed a better result confirmed by the statistical calculations (P &lt; 0.05 ).Correlation analysis of the interrelation between different types of high schoolers’ endurance revealed strong statistical interelation between the statistical strength endurance and the dynamic strength endurance (r = 0.883), and between the dynamic strength endurance and the speed-strength endurance (r = 0.858). The average statistical interrelation is observed between the statistical strength endurance and the speed-strength endurance (r = 0.536), the overall physical performance and three types of edurance concurrently: statistical strength endurance (r = 0.609), dynamic strength endurance (r = 0,551), speed-strength endurance (r = 0.524). The other types of endurance showed weak statistical interrelation.

EXAMINING MALAYSIAN HOTEL EMPLOYEES ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT BY GENDER, EDUCATION LEVEL AND SALARY

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Organizational Commitment (OC) among Malaysian hotel employees. The aim is to identify the perception of employees concerning OC that they have perceived at their workplace and, how gender, education level and range of salary affect them. The data have been collected through sets of questionnare answered by 624 respondents who are hotel employees in Malaysia. The dimensions of OC which are affective, continuance and normative have been analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The data then been analysed using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find the significance differences between gender, level of education and salary scale with the three dimensions of OC. The result of this study reveals that there is no significant diffrences between three dimensions of OC and gender. Findings also show that there are significant differences between education level and three dimensions of OC. Similarly, the results also display significant differences between salary scale and, affective and continuance commitment but not with normative comitment. Managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

The Effect of Assertiveness Skills Training on Reduction of Emotional Victimization of Female High School Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of assertiveness skills(AS)training on reduction of Emotional victimization in Sanandaj high school female students in iran (Academic year of 2013-14). Thus, 50 students (25 experimental, 25 control) were selected using random clustering sampling. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest and control group. Data was collected using Iranian form of bullying victimization scale. In an assertiveness skills training program, experimental group attended at eight 90-min sessions (one session per week), but control group never attended at any session. Data was examined using ANCOVA in SPSS. The results in both experimental and follow-up stagesshowed that there was a significant diffrences between pretest and posttest inexperimental group. The findings were suggested that an assertiveness skillstraining program decreased students’ Emotional victimization as an effective intervention.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12679

PERBANDINGAN PERILAKU HARIAN BURUNG BAYAN JANTAN (Eclectus roratus Müller, 1776) BERDASAKAN KEBERADAAN PEJANTAN PESAING DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Eclectus is one of many birds in Indonesia. The condition at captive may vary to the bird’s natural habitat. The objective of this research was to find out the comparison of daily behavior between two males Eclectus parrot at Ragunan Zoological park. Each males has different condition. The first male has a competitior in its cage, and the second male hasn’t. This research conducted January 2015 until March 2015. The behavior were ingestive, movement, motionless, and sexual. The descriptive method was used in this study. The focal animal sampling was used as a technique for recording those behavior. U Mann Whitney statistical test (p&lt; 0,05) showed there are significant differences in the frequency of motionless and sexual behavior between male with competitor and male with no competitor. However, there is no significant diffrences in ingestive and movement behavior (p&lt; 0,05).&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : Eclectus parrot, behavior, competitor, Ragunan

Heterogeneity of Soil and Vegetation in the Urban Habitats of New Industrial Cities in the Desert Landscape of Egypt

The relationship between vegetation and soil supporting the habitats in 4 new industrial cities were assessed. Five main habitats were distinguished from inner city toward outskirts: lawns, home gardens, public gardens, waste lands and desert outskirts. After application of Twinspan, 26 vegetation groups were identified in the 5 recognized habitats, demonstrating that some groups are chatracteristic of a certain city, e.g. Asphodelus aestivus - Deverra tortuosa - Thymelaea hirsuta group was confined to the desert habitat of Burg El-Arab city; Thymelaea hirsuta - Linaria albifrons and Atriplex halimus - Atriplex lindleyi subsp. inflata - Suaeda vermiculata - Typha domingensis groups were found in the waste lands of Burg El-Arab city; Conyza bonariensis - Cynodon dactylon - Sonchus oleraceus group in the home garden habitat of 10th Ranadan city; Cynodon dactylon group in the lawns of Burg El-Arab city; Bassia indica - Plantago major group in the public gardens of Burg El-Arab city; Oxalis corniculata - Plantago lagopus group in the public gardens of 10th Ramadan city; Sonchus oleraceus - Cynodon dactylon and Dactyloctenium aegyptium - Leptochloa fusca - Phragmites australis groups in the public gardens of 6th October city. Silt, clay, organic matter, carbonates and carbon contents showed significant diffrences among the 5 habitats.

Heterogeneity of Soil and Vegetation in the Urban Habitats of New Industrial Cities in the Desert Landscape of Egypt

The relationship between vegetation and soil supporting the habitats in 4 new industrial cities were assessed. Five main habitats were distinguished from inner city toward outskirts: lawns, home gardens, public gardens, waste lands and desert outskirts. After application of Twinspan, 26 vegetation groups were identified in the 5 recognized habitats, demonstrating that some groups are chatracteristic of a certain city, e.g. Asphodelus aestivus - Deverra tortuosa - Thymelaea hirsuta group was confined to the desert habitat of Burg El-Arab city; Thymelaea hirsuta - Linaria albifrons and Atriplex halimus - Atriplex lindleyi subsp. inflata - Suaeda vermiculata - Typha domingensis groups were found in the waste lands of Burg El-Arab city; Conyza bonariensis - Cynodon dactylon - Sonchus oleraceus group in the home garden habitat of 10th Ranadan city; Cynodon dactylon group in the lawns of Burg El-Arab city; Bassia indica - Plantago major group in the public gardens of Burg El-Arab city; Oxalis corniculata - Plantago lagopus group in the public gardens of 10th Ramadan city; Sonchus oleraceus - Cynodon dactylon and Dactyloctenium aegyptium - Leptochloa fusca - Phragmites australis groups in the public gardens of 6th October city. Silt, clay, organic matter, carbonates and carbon contents showed significant diffrences among the 5 habitats.

Impact of Spiritual- Religious Group Therapy On Mental State of Inpatients with Methamphetamine Induced Psychotic Disorder

Introduction methamphetamine abuse is a challenging issue in health system, although the antipsychotic drugs are the choice of treatment of this condition, but psychotheraputic interventions can be effective on clinical symptoms. spiritual- religious group therapy interventions reported effective on mental status of male patients with methamphetamine induced psychotic disorder. Objectives and Aims This study aimed to assess the effect of spiritual religious group therapy on mental status of male patients with methamphetamine induced psychotic disorder. Method 28 male inpatinets with methamphetamin induced disorder were participated in this experimental study divided equally into 2 intervention(14 patients) and control(14 patinets) gruops. Intervention group attended in 12 spiritual-religious group therapy sessions for 4 weeks while control group gathered in 12 sessions with no intervention. Data collected by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Chi- Square and Independent T-Test were used for data analysis. Results Average score of intervention group decreased from 84.07 to 64.14, which shows significant diffrences after intervention in this group(p Conclusion The results showed that spiritual religious group therapy can be effective on improvement of the mental status of male patients with methamphetamine induced psychotic disorder

필라테스와 테이핑이 허리의 유연성과 근력에 미치는 영향

Purpose : This study was to investigate effects of pilates and taping on flexibility and muscular strength of low back. Methods : A total of 29 healthy over 20 years old college students(men = 6, women = 23) who were participated in this. We selected randomly for lo people of pilates, taping, and 9 people of control group. For the past six weeks, pilates worked out twice aweek for 40 minuates and taping stuck once a week for 24 hours and then we compared before and after muscle strength and flexibility of low back. Results : 1. The sesult compared of flexibility of low back have found no significant diffrences between pilates and taping groups.(P>.05) 2. The result compared of experimental groups have found significant diffrences between before and after flexibility of low back.(P<.05) 3. The result compared of muscle strength of low back have found no significant diffrences between pilates and taping groups.(P>.05) 4. The result compared of experimental groups have found significant diffrences between before and after muscle strength of low back.(P<.05) Conclusion : In conclusion there were not differences between pilates and taping on muscle strength and flexibility of low back. Those were increased in comparison with control group.

Expression of Survivin and leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domain 2 in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its clinical application

Objective To investigale the expression of Survivin and leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domain 2 (LRIG2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma ( BTCC ),and their association with clinicopathologic features.Methods Seventy-two BTCC specimens surgically resected were selected.For each specimen,the cancerous tissue,peri-cancer tissue and its remote normal mucosa were analyzed and compared.Immunohistochemistv was used to detect the expression of Survivin and LRIG2 in 72 cases of BTCC tissues.Results The immunohistochemisty revealed that the expression of Sruvivin in BTCC was much higher than that in peri-cancer tissues ( 90.28％ vs.33.33 ％,P ＜ 0.05 ),but no expression was detectable in normal bladder tissues.Among the pathological grades of G1,G2 and G3,the positive rate of Survivin respectively was 72.22％,90.48％ and 100.00％.In the clinical stages of Ta-Tis and T1-T2,the positive rate of Survivin respectively was 81.25％ and 97.50％,and in the two groups with lymphatic metastasis and negative lymphatic metastasis,it respectively was 96.00％ and 85.11％. Moreover,with the advancing grades and clinical stages and appearances of lymph node metastasis,the expression of Survivin was increased gradually.There were significant diffrences in each group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression rate of LRIG2 was significantly lower in BTCC tissues than in peri-cancer tissues and normal tissues (30.56％,66.67％ and 87.50％ respectively).Among the pathological grades of G1,G2 and G3,the positive rate of LRIG2 respectively was 33.33％,19.05％,and 9.38％.With the advancing grades and clinical stages and appearances of lymph node metastasis,the expression of LRIG2 was decreased gradually,and there were significant differences in each group (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the expression of Survivin was inversely correlated to LRIG2. Conclusion The expression of Survivin and LRIG2 is related to the clinicopathologic features of BTCC with differentiation and metastasis.The over-expression of Survivin and genetic mutation or missing of LRIG2 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progress of BTCC.Detection of Survivin and LRIG2 protein will be helpful to the early diagnosis and treatment of BTCC and evaluate its biologic behaviors. Key words: Survivin; Leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domain 2; Bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Changes in Mechanical Properties and Density of Bone after Exercise Training

Changes in mechanical properties and desity of bone to deconditioning after exercise training were studied to fifty-four male rats. Mechanical tests were conducted for femur bone. The three-point bending test and stress relaxation test were performed with an Instron-type universal testing machine. Bone mineral content was measured by single photon absorptiometry at the middle site of the tibial, femur and humerus bones. The results are as follows:1) In the trained femur bone, fracture load, stiffness and deformation energy were greater than that in the control femur bone after 10weeks,19weeks and 24weeks training period; 2) Viscoelastic effect showed significant diffrences between the trained and the control femur bones;3) Density of femur and tibial bones showed significant diffrences between the trained and the control bones but also the humerus bone did diffrence tendency.