Significant Differences In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Serum Biomarkers of Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Cardiovascular Risk, and Renal Function.

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Prior studies did not account for key confounders and little is known about the association of PPIs with serum biomarkers of inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and renal function. Our aims were to investigate differences in these biomarkers between PPI users and nonusers. Our data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex cross-sectional multistage probability sample of the US civilian population. We used data on 5189 eligible adults aged 18 to 85 years. Appropriate survey commands were used and potential confounding variables (including BMI, duration of PPI use, use of other non-PPI medications, and health behaviors) were included in multivariable regression models assessing biomarker outcomes. PPI use was associated with differences in mean (±SE) fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (by 11.7±3.7 mg/dL; P=0.006), and apolipoprotein B (by 7.6±2.6 mg/dL; P=0.01). PPI use was not associated with significant differences in total cholesterol (P=0.13), high-density lipoprotein (P=0.27), triglycerides (P=0.70), c-reactive protein (P=0.52), the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (P=0.48), hemoglobin A1c (P=0.39), or homocysteine (P=0.87). PPI use was associated with a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (by 1.0±0.3 mg/dL; P=0.008) but not creatinine (P=0.38) or uric acid (P=0.34). PPI was not associated with clinically significant differences in serum biomarkers of inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and renal function. Rather, increasing BMI was strongly associated with PPI use and clinically significant differences in these biomarkers.

Evaluation of ADA activity as a potential marker of disease severity in psoriasis patients.

BackgroundPsoriasis is a dermatological disorder with a multifactorial origin and is associated with many biochemical and immunological changes.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the association of serum ADA activity, uric acid (UA), and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) with psoriasis and the role of ADA in disease severity.Materials and methodsIn this comparative cross-sectional study, 50 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed psoriasis patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were taken and analysis of the biochemical parameters was performed according to Giuisti and Galanti method, uricase and ELISA technique for ADA activity, UA, and hs-CRP, respectively. The severity of the disease was scored according to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Statistical analysis of differences within and between the study groups was carried out using the Student’s t-test, one-way post hoc ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression was used to establish the independent association of ADA with disease severity.ResultsThe serum ADA activity, UA, and hs-CRP levels of the psoriatic patients were found to be significantly higher (P<0.001). hs-CRP was positively correlated with ADA and UA in patients (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol in psoriasis patients, whereas we noted a decreased high-density lipoprotein level in psoriasis patients as compared to controls. Linear regression showed that ADA was independently associated with the disease severity and was statistically significant (P<0.001).ConclusionADA activity was positively and significantly associated with the severity of psoriasis, therefore, it could be suggested as a marker for disease severity in psoriasis patients.

Impact of a multidisciplinary intensive education program on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objectives:To evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary intensive education program (MIEP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients’ outcomes.Methods:A retrospective study was used to evaluate the impact of MIEP on T2DM patients’ outcomes for between May 2016 and May 2017. Data were collected from the diabetes education clinic in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia where patients were referred from diabetes outpatient clinics to the diabetes education clinic to receive MIEP. In terms of measuring the clinical outcomes of the T2DM patients, glycemic control, blood pressure, weight, and lipid profiles were assessed before MIEP at 3, 6, and 12 months.Results:A total of 174 patients with T2DM fulfilled study inclusion criteria. The results indicate improved glycemic control where patients’ HbA1c and blood sugar levels were significantly reduced 3, 6, and 12 months after MIEP compared to the baseline (p<0.005). Moreover, blood pressure improved after education; a significant improvement was observed in the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to 12 months (p=0.036), and in the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after 12 months (p=0.016). Additionally, the study found significant differences in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 6 months after the intervention (p=0.014, p=0.02, respectively).Conclusion:Implementing an MIEP for T2DM patients can improve their clinical outcomes, which consequently may delay the disease’s long-term complications.

Association of plasma glucose, serum lipid profile, and liver enzymes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - A case-control study

Background: The prevalence and complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have increased dramatically over the past decade. The pandemic of lifestyle disorders and their role in the development of NAFLD encourage studies in this aspect. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the association of laboratory parameters such as plasma glucose (fasting, postprandial, and glycated hemoglobin), serum lipid profile, and liver enzymes with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Our case–control study enrolled 150 participants [81 cases (sonological evidence of fatty infiltration of liver) and 79 controls] in a period of 2 years. All laboratory investigations were done in the central laboratory of the institution using appropriately standardized techniques. Institutional ethics committee approved this study and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Data were analyzed using free software R®, nominal variables were compared using independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test; categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Higher number of male participants (56.3%) enrolled in the study. Significant difference in total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.002), TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.001), and TG/ HDL (P < 0.001) was observed between cases and controls. Significant association with NAFLD was observed for TG (P = 0.001), TC (P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (P = 0.02), aaspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.03), and ALT (P < 0.001). Conclusion: High prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were observed among participants undergoing voluntary health checkup. Significant difference in TC, LDL, TG, TC/HDL, TG/HDL, and ALT was observed between cases and controls. Significant association with NAFLD was observed for TG, TC, dyslipidemia, AST and ALT.

Changes in Serum Lipids according to the Amount of Exercise Activity in Middle-Aged Women

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects on basal metabolic rate and serum lipid according to the amount of exercise activity of middle-aged women. We divided 30 middle-aged women into dynamic exercise group and static exercise group in Seongnam Senior Experience Complex on 8 weeks. The before and after tests examined the body weight and height, basal metabolic rate, serum lipids that LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. As a result of comparing the changes in before and after results of dynamic exercise group and static exercise group, significant differences were shown in basal metabolic rate(P<0.05), total cholesterol(P<0.05). And there was a significant difference in total cholesterol(P<0.05), LDL-cholesterol(P<0.05) between the two groups before and after the experiment. The basal metabolic rate and LDL values were changed with or without exercise. And total cholesterol and LDL values showed different changes according to the amount of exercise. Therefore, dynamic exercise with a high amount of exercise is effective in lowering serum lipid.

DJ-1 Deficiency Protects Hepatic Steatosis by Enhancing Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice.

Our previous studies have shown that DJ-1 play important roles in progression of liver diseases through modulating hepatic ROS production and immune response, but its role in hepatic steatosis remains obscure. In the present study, by adopting a high-fat-diet (HFD) induced mice model, we found that DJ-1 knockout (DJ-1-/-) mice showing decreased HFD-induced obesity and visceral adipose accumulation. In line with these changes, there were also reduced liver weight and ameliorated hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in DJ-1-/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. And there were also decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance and reduced glucose metabolic disorder in DJ-1-/- mice, whereas there were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) and serum lipid in two groups of mice. Mechanistically, we found that there were no differences in food intake in these two genotypes of mice. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis, but the expression of key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, such as Cpt1α, Pparα, Acox1, Cs, Idh1 and Idh2, was increased in DJ-1-/- mice liver, suggesting that there was enhanced fatty acids oxidation and TCA cycle in DJ-1-/- mice. Our data indicate that deletion of DJ-1 enhancing fatty acids oxidation resulting in lower hepatic TG accumulation in mice, which protecting mice hepatic steatosis.

Decreased Serum Lipid Levels and Ratios Correlate with Low Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at a lower risk of suffering cardiovascular events, but the underlying factors for this decreased risk remain unclear. Serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), and their expression relative to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C), are independent predictors of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine if PD patients have decreased lipid levels and lipid ratios, which may underlie the decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This retrospective study included 92 PD patients (PD group), 450 control subjects with no CHD (OD group), and 450 CHD patients (CHD group). We analyzed serum lipid levels and lipid ratios in each group. There were significant differences in TC (F = 10.459, p < 0.0001), TG (F = 46.856, p < 0.0001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (F = 6.910, p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C (F = 30.694, p < 0.0001), TC/HDL-C (F = 32.675, p < 0.0001), and TG/HDL-C (F = 45.554, p < 0.0001) between all three groups; TC/LDL-C (F = 2.518, p = 0.081) was not significantly different between groups. Compared to the CHD group, PD patients had lower TC (p < 0.0001), TG (p < 0.0001), LDL-C (p = 0.001), TG/HDL-C (p < 0.0001), and TC/HDL-C (p < 0.0001); TC/LDL-C (p = 0.563) and HDL-C (p = 0.196) were not significantly different. TC and LDL-C levels were positively correlated within individual groups (all p < 0.0001). In addition, TG and HDL-C were negatively correlated in the OD and CHD groups (p < 0.0001); no significant negative association was observed in the PD group (p = 0.077). TG/HDL and LDL-C levels were inversely correlated in the CHD group (p < 0.0001) and weakly positively correlated in the PD (p = 0.159) and OD (p = 0.199) groups. TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratios were significantly lower in PD patients compared to CHD patients, suggesting there is a strong correlation between lipid ratios and incidence of CHD in PD patients.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON OBESITY AND INFLAMMATION IN OBESE RATS

TNF-α levels of antiinflammatory and proinflammatory markers were used to investigate effects Obesity is a disease that occurs when body has many endocrine and metabolic functions and fat tissue is higher than normal. There is strong relationship between obesity and inflammation due to production of numerous lipid molecules called adipokines, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins and adiponectin. It was aimed to study obesity and effect on inflammation in experimentally obese animal model study apllied probiotic supplementation. Three different test animal groups were formed. For this purpose; IL-10 and TNF-α on inflammation; leptin levels were used for investigating effect on development of obesity and total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels from lipid profiles were planned to examine. In obtained serum samples, these parameters were determined by sandwich ELISA technique with commercially available kits. Mean weights at the beginning of study and at the end of 8 weeks were 240,2±9,7 and 283,8±11,0 gr in first, second and third groups; 254,6±16,0 and 307,0±14,5 gr; 330,0±48,6 and 400,5±65,0 gr respectively. At the beginning and end of the probiotic use, weight averages were 288,6±9,9 and 311,8±17,1 gr in first, second and third groups 313.4±17.1 and 339.6±19.7 gr; 412,0±67,7 and 422,0±71,1 gr respectively. When weights were evaluated before and after probiotic use of third group, weight gain was decreased. Although there was no significant difference in HDL, LDL, IL-10 and leptin levels among all group, there was significant difference in total cholesterol and TNF-α values (p<0,05). Compared to first group and second group, there was significant difference in total cholesterol and TNF-α values, in second and third groups there was significant difference in total cholesterol values (p<0,05). As result; probiotics are recognized as living organisms when taken in sufficient quantities, affect health of environment positively, and these beneficial effects are considered to extend to obesity inflammatory diseases. Probiotic supplementation of normal diet may be healthy approach to prevention of various diseases. In order to spread this application to society as whole, it is necessary to increase number of works.

Serum lipid profiles in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Hakka population in southern China

BackgroundLittle is known about serum lipid levels comparison of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Hakka patients in southern China. To estimate the prevalence lipid profiles in Hakka patients with AMI in southern China.MethodWe analyzed 1382 patients with a first AMI in Hakka patients in southern China between Jan. 2015 and Dec. 2015.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were higher in nonelderly than in elderly for males. There were significant differences in TC, LDL, HDL, and TG among various age groups for both males and female patients (P < .05). TC, LDL, HDL, and TG were higher in females than males for the elderly, and the LDL levels of females were higher in 70–79,80–89 year age groups than males. The HDL level of female patients was higher than males in those 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 year age groups. Compared with males, females had higher level of TG in the 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 year age groups and had higher level of TC in the 50–59, 70–79, and 80–89 year age groups, respectively. Isolated high TG (normal LDL + normal HDL+ high TG) was most common type of combined dyslipidemia for female elderly (22.2%), female nonelderly (23.2%) and male elderly (24.1%) patients.ConclusionOur results confirmed that serum lipid levels varied in age and gender in Hakka patients with acute myocardial infarction. Dyslipidemia is more prevalent in the non-elderly than in the elderly for males. Levels of TC, LDL, HDL, and TG were higher in females than males for the elderly Hakka population in southern China.

THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS VERNONIA amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) EXTRACT ON THE LIPID PROFILE AND SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RATS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE

Despite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty four rats were used for this study and they were divided into six groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2). The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given diffeDespite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty rats were used for this study and they were divided into five groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2). The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given different concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.rent concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.

Prednisolone has the same cardiovascular risk profile as hydrocortisone in glucocorticoid replacement.

IntroductionPatients who need glucocorticoid replacement in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) have the choice of either once-daily prednisolone or thrice-daily hydrocortisone. A recent European study found no difference between prednisolone and hydrocortisone users in several markers including glucose, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference, although an increase in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was suggested in a subgroup of these patients. The aim of this study was to expand the evidence base for the use of these agents as replacement therapy.MethodsData from 82 patients on hydrocortisone and 64 patients on prednisolone for AI at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust were analysed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in total cholesterol, LDL levels or any other risk factors between hydrocortisone and prednisolone patients. Prednisolone was subjectively significantly more convenient than hydrocortisone (P = 0.048).ConclusionsPrednisolone once daily is more convenient than hydrocortisone thrice daily, and there is no difference in the markers of cardiovascular risk measured. Because prednisolone mimics the circadian rhythm better than other glucocorticoids, it should be considered as an alternative to hydrocortisone for AI.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЩЕГО ХОЛЕСТЕРИНА И ТРИГЛИЦЕРИДОВ В НАЗОФАРИНГЕАЛЬНОМ АСПИРАТЕ ПРИ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОЙ ИШЕМИИ СРЕДНЕЙ СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ У НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ ОТ МАТЕРЕЙ С ЦИТОМЕГАЛОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ В ПЕРИОД БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

The contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in nasopharyngeal aspirate were studied in 233 mature newborns from mothers with normal pregnancy and complicated with cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI). The first (control) group included 30 babies of 38-40 weeks from mothers with physiological course of pregnancy. Among the newborns with moderate cerebral ischemia and antenatal history complicated with chronic CMVI in their mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy, four groups were distinguished and each of them was divided into two subgroups. Subgroup A had patients whose mothers did not have the threat of miscarriage during pregnancy and subgroup B had children from mothers who had the threat of miscarriage in the second trimester of gestation. The second group included 50 newborns whose mothers had a latent course of chronic CMVI; the third group included 50 children from mothers with reactivation of chronic CMVI (antibody titers of IgM to CMV were 1:200-1:400, antibody titers of IgG to CMV were 1:200-1:400, the avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMV was more than 65%); the fourth group consisted of 51 newborns whose mothers suffered an acute form of chronic CMVI (antibody titers of IgM to CMV were 1:200-1:400, antibody titers of IgG to CMV were 1:200-1:800, avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMV was more than 65%); and the fifth group had 52 children from mothers who suffered a reactivation of chronic CMVI (antibody titers of IgM to CMV were 1:200-1:400, antibody titers of IgG to CMV were 1:400-1:600, avidity index of IgG antibodies to CMV was more than 65%). The children of 2A, 3A and 4A subgroups, in comparison with the first group, in nasopharyngeal aspirate did not have any significant changes in the contents of TC and TG. In 5A subgroup against the absence of reliable differences of TG concentration there was registered a fall of TC level till 0.189±0.015 mmole/L (in control and 2A subgroup it was 0.250±0.016 mmole/L, p&lt;0.01 and 0.246±0.015 mmole/L, p&lt;0.01, respectively). When comparing the lipid composition of nasopharyngeal aspirate in newborns of 2B and 3B subgroups with the one taken from healthy children there were not found any significant differences in TC and TG. But in 4B and 5B subgroups there was a fall of TC till 0.191±0.014 mmol/L (p&lt;0.01) and till 0.146±0.010 mmole/L (p&lt;0.001), while the values of TG grew till 0.169±0.009 mmole/L (p&lt;0.05) and till 0.198±0.009 mmole/L (p&lt;0.001); at the same time the contents of TG in the first group was only 0.142±0.008 mmole/L. Thus in newborns with moderate cerebral ischemia and antenatal history complicated with 4 times growth of antibody titers of IgG to CMV and the threat of miscarriage in the second trimester of gestation, the decrease of TC can lead to less expressed compensatory-adaptive reactions, and the increase of TG, including fatty acids peroxides, results in the starting of mechanisms of intrauterine degradation of pulmonary surfactant and membrane-destructive processes in central nervous system.

Lipid profile in adult patients with Fabry disease - Ten-year follow up

BackgroundFabry disease, an X-linked genetic condition, results from alpha-galactosidase deficiency and increased accumulation of glycosphingolipids in cardiovascular tissues. Clinical manifestation includes vasculature associated complications. Hyperlipidaemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors however it has never been well defined in Fabry disease. Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is available but its effect on serum cholesterol is unknown. The aim of this project was to assess the influence of long-term ERT on lipid profile in a large cohort of adult patients with Fabry disease. MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of lipid profile results. Patients with Fabry disease were on ERT for 10years, were not treated with statins and had no severe renal impairment. All patients had lipid profile measured before ERT was commenced and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120months later. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Student t-test and descriptive statistics. ResultsAmong 72 patients, 40 were females (median age 45; range 29–75), 32 males (median age 46; range 20–69). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol measured at baseline before ERT was commenced and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 120months after ERT was commenced in 72 patients (ANOVA; P=0.673 and P=0.883, respectively). Female patients on ERT had higher mean HDL-cholesterol as compared to female patients with Fabry disease who were asymptomatic and not treated (P≥0.05). Total cholesterol between treated and non-treated female patients was comparable. Female patients on ERT have higher total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol when compared to lipid results in male patients on ERT. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was low in female and male patients on ERT over 10years. ConclusionAdult patients with Fabry disease have remarkably elevated HDL-cholesterol and as a result, elevated total cholesterol. It is possible that elevated HDL-cholesterol has a cardioprotective effect in patients with this condition. Long term ERT does not have a significant impact on lipid profile in female and male population with Fabry disease.

Oxidized LDL but not total LDL is associated with HbA1c in individuals without diabetes

ObjectiveThis study investigates the association between HbA1c, LDL and oxi-LDL in individuals without diabetes (DM). MethodsOne hundred and ninety-six individuals, without DM, were enrolled and divided into three groups according to HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose values. HbA1c, oxi-LDL, LDL, and other biochemical measurements of lipid profile were also carried out. Resultsoxi-LDL levels showed significant differences among all groups and group 3 presented higher values [34U/L (27–46); 44U/L (37–70); and 86U/L (49–136); p<0.001; for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively]. There was also a significant difference in oxi-LDL/HDL and oxi-LDL/LDL ratios among all groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and LDL values among groups. HbA1c showed moderate positive associations with oxi-LDL (r=0.431; p<0.001), oxi-LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.423, p<0.001), and oxi-LDL/LDL ratio (r=0.359, p<0.001). There were lower associations between HbA1c and TC (r=0.142; p=0.048), triglycerides (r=0.155; p=0.030), LDL (r=0.148; p=0.039), non-HDL (r=0.192; p=0.007) and Apo B (r=0.171, p<0.001). The positive associations between HbA1c and oxi-LDL, oxi-LDL/HDL and oxi-LDL/LDL ratios remained significant even after adjustment by multiple linear regression analysis for the variables alcohol consumption, use of medicine, BMI, and age. Conclusionsoxi-LDL levels are significantly associated with HbA1c in non-diabetic individuals. However, the levels of traditional atherogenic lipids only showed a weak association with HbA1c levels. Those at high risk of developing DM or cardiovascular disease have higher levels of oxi-LDL. These data favor to the use of HbA1c as a biomarker to identify individuals at risk of developing complications even in non-diabetic glycemic levels.

Effect of comprehensive management of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life of patients after percutaneous coronaryintervention

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive management of cardiac rehabilitation on the quality of life of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods A total of 60 patients with PCI were randomly divided into the rehabilitation group and the control group with 30 cases each by convenience sampling method. The control group received routine treatment and nursing care of postoperative PCI, and the rehabilitation group received cardiac rehabilitation management on the basis of the control group, including training guidance, management of double heart psychological intervention, nutritional intervention diet guidance, evidence-based medicine, and set up system etc. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) score, 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD), coronary heart disease risk factors and Seattle Angina Score (SAQ score) were observed at 6 months after PCI. Results HADS score anxiety rate, depression rate, anxiety and depressive state at 6 months after PCI was 10.0%(3/30), 10.0%(3/30), 0 respectively in the rehabilitation group, and 33.3%(10/30), 36.7%(11/30), 13.3%(4/30) in the control group respectively, and there was significant difference between 2 groups (χ2=4.504,5.963, 1.071. all P< 0.05). 6MWD was (451 ± 48) m in the rehabilitation group and (402 ± 42) m in the control group, and there was significant difference between 2 groups (t=6.155, P=0.022). Compared two groups of coronary heart disease risk factors control level: there was significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure(t=-2.927-5.981, P<0.01 or 0.05). SAQ score in physical limitation, angina stability, angina pectoris, treatment satisfaction, disease awareness scores were (73.79 ± 6.04), (80.35 ± 7.63), (75.31 ± 8.11), (80.23 ± 5.44), (76.59 ± 14.29) points in the rehabilitation group, and (53.19 ± 5.13), (65.87 ± 18.85), (64.41 ± 6.31), (70.49 ± 8.01), (45.83 ± 8.65) points in the control group, there were significant differences between 2 groups (t=-21.630-18.959, all P < 0.01). Conclusions The comprehensive management of cardiac rehabilitation alleviates the anxiety and depression of patients after PCI, reduces the risk factors of coronary heart disease, and improves the exercise ability and quality of life. Key words: Quality of life; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Cardiac rehabilitation; Integrated management

Association between Serum Lipid Profile and Glycated Hemoglobin in Middle Aged Pre-Diabetic Individuals: The Bangladesh Study

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading non-communicable diseases all over the world including Bangladesh. Diabetes is often preceded by a prodromal condition termed pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose level is above normal but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes mellitus. Impaired lipid profile is commonly present in type 2 diabetes and can also occur in pre-diabetes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association between serum lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin in pre-diabetic individuals in middle-aged Bangladeshi subjects. This observational cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Institute of Research &amp; Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) hospital, from July 2013 - June 2014. A total 131 subjects of age within the range of 30-45 years were selected for the purpose and classified into apparently healthy control (n=62), pre-diabetes (n= 69) groups based on the values of OGTT. Blood glucose – both fasting and 2hr after glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level were measured in all study subjects. Among the middle aged Bangladeshi subjects attending BIRDEM hospital, mean±SD of HbA1c values were 5.3±1.1% in control group and 5.9±1.2% in pre-diabetes. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c and LDL-c in patients with normal and Pre-diabetic individuals. According to this study, HbA1c value does not correlate well with total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c (p=0.47, 0.93, 0.49) in patients with pre-diabetic individuals. Studies on larger population are required to determine the prognostic

Effect of short-term aerobic and combined training program on body composition, lipids profile and psychological health in premenopausal women

Summary Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term (eight weeks) aerobic and combined training program on the body composition, lipids profile and psychological health (depression), and to compare which training method is more effective in middle-aged premenopausal sedentary women. Methods Sixty-four women aged 35–45 years (age = 38.8 ± 3.0 years) were divided into three groups: Aerobic training, Combined training and the control group and women exercised during eight weeks. The subjects’ body composition was measured with anthropometric tape and skinfold caliper and also body fat percentage, fat mass and lean body mass were estimated using BIA. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and also Beck Depression Inventory scores were registered at before and after eight weeks training. Results Aerobic training and combined training showed significant differences in fat percentage (−2.6%Δ, −4.2%Δ, and 0.2%Δ, P = 0.044 respectively) and fat mass (−5.5%Δ, −5.7%Δ, and 1.1%Δ, P = 0.034 respectively) compared to the control group. Considering the waist circumference, there was a significant difference only between the combined training and control group (−1.3%Δ, −2.6%Δ, and 0.5%Δ, P = 0.048 respectively). Aerobic training and combined training groups showed significant differences in total cholesterol (−7.9%Δ, −9.7%Δ, and 0.9%Δ, P = 0.022 respectively), triglyceride (−5.8%Δ, −6.9%Δ, and 2.0%Δ, respectively, P = 0.012), atherogenic index (−13.5%Δ, −16.0%Δ, and 2.3%Δ, P = 0.000 respectively) and Beck Depression Inventory score (−26.2%Δ, −24.7%Δ, and 8.7%Δ, P = 0.047 respectively) compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that both training methods could be used for loosing body weight, fat mass and fat percentage for middle-aged women. Although the combined training seems a little more efficient, aerobic training is also practically easier in order to control and maintain in a large scale training groups.

Effects of Testosterone Replacement on Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Glucose, Serum Lipids and Vitamin D Concentration in a Rat Model of Andropause

Background: Testosterone facilitates various metabolic processes in the bones, muscles, bone marrow, brain and immune system. Testosterone deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, central obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Aim: to investigate the effects of testosterone deficiency on blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, vitamin D, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic model assessment for beta function (HOMA-IR) and serum lipids in rat models of andropause. Methods, 48 male rats divided into 4 equal groups (n=12/group); a) Control (C) group. b) Orchiectomy (O) group underwent bilateral removal of the testicles. c) Orchiectomy and treated (O+T) group given daily IM testosterone replacement therapy for 7 days, d) Sham and treated (Sh+T) group in which sham operated rats were given the same daily dose of T as O+T group for 7 days. Results: we found that plasma glucose concentration increased significantly (P<0.001) in O group. This increase was corrected by testosterone injection in O+T group. In (Sh+T) group, there is a significant reduction in serum glucose (P<0.001). We also found that insulin level reduced significantly (P<0.001) in O group. This reduction in insulin level was corrected by testosterone. In (Sh+T) group, insulin level increased significantly. 25-OHVD3 was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in O group and increased significantly in O+T group. HOMA-IR level decreased significantly (P<0.001) and this reduction was corrected by Testosterone. HOMA-β reduced significantly (P<0.001) and this reduction was corrected by Testosterone in O+T group. In SH group, there is a marked increase in HOMA-β. We also found insignificant differences between the four groups in serum triglycerides. However, we found very highly significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL between C group and O group and very highly significant differences between O+T group and Sh+T group in comparison with O group. We also found significant differences in serum HDL-c in (O) group in comparison with (C) group and between O+T and Sh+T groups in comparison with O group. In conclusion, we found significant reduction in 25-OH(VD), Testosterone, Insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B and significant increase in glucose serum levels in O group and these changes were corrected by Testosterone injection in O+T group. We also found insignificant differences between the four groups in serum triglycerides. However, we found highly significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL-c and VLDL between C group and O group and very highly significant differences between O+T group and Sh+T group in comparison with O group.

Correlations of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Correlations of serum magnesium with dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Plasma lipids as risk factors in relapsing nephrotic syndrome

Background Nephrotic syndrome is primarily a pediatric disorderand is 15 times more common in children than in adults.Relapse rate after corticosteroid discontinuation is 39 - 59%.Hyperlipidemia is an important characteristic of nephroticsyndrome. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride,LDL, and VLDL are increased. Persistent hyperlipidemia afterremission can be found in frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome.Objective To determine plasma lipids as risk factor for relapsingnephrotic syndrome.Methods Thirty children with nephrotic syndrome were includedin this cohort study from March 2005 until June 2007 at WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Thirty children without renal diseasewere enrolled as control. Blood specimens were collected to determineplasma lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL) levels and LDUHDL ratio. Plasma lipids were examined in the acute and remissionphases. Follow up was carried out six months after remission todetermine the occurrence of relapsing nephrotic syndrome.Results Of 30 nephrotic syndrome patients, 12 had relapsed.There were highly significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL,LDL, triglyceride, and LDL/HDL ratio between acute nephroticsyndrome and nephrotic syndrome in remission. There were nosignificant differences in cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, LDL!HDL ratio between nephrotic syndrome in remission and control.There was also no significant difference in the incidence in relapsebetween first attack and nephrotic syndrome with more than twoattacks. Acute lipid fraction levels were not risk factors in relapsingmephrotic syndrome. Remission triglyceride level was a risk factorin relapsing nephrotic syndrome with the prevalence risk of 5.2 andCI 95% of 1.06 to 25.3.Conclusion Persistent hypertriglyceride in remission phase isassociated with an increased risk of relapse in children withnephrotic syndrome.