Significant Differences In Total Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Haemosporidian Infection Is Associated with the Oxidative Status in a Neotropical Bird

Haemosporidians are common blood parasites in wild bird populations, yet their effects on oxidative status remain understudied. Here, we measured the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as an indicator of non-enzymatic molecular antioxidants, and TBARS/TAC ratio as an indicator of oxidative status. We also used parasite genus-specific primers and PCR techniques to detect haemosporidians in 117 adults of Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) from four locations in south–central Chile. Mixed-effect models were employed to compare oxidative indicators between infected and uninfected birds. Infected birds showed significantly higher TBARS levels, but no significant differences in TAC, leading to a higher TBARS/TAC ratio, especially in reproductive individuals. This suggests increased oxidative damage in infected birds, irrespective of sex or body condition. A positive relationship between TBARS and TAC was observed in both groups, but the antioxidant response was weaker in infected birds, indicating differential oxidative stress responses based on infection status. Body condition did not differ significantly between infected and uninfected individuals. These results demonstrate that haemosporidian infections impose oxidative costs on birds, potentially compounding the oxidative costs associated with reproduction.

The Effect of Strenuous Endurance Training in Combination with Zingiber Supplementation on Serum Interleukin-17 and Skeletal Muscle Total Oxidant in Male Rats

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of strenuous endurance training (ET) with ginger extract supplementation on resting levels of serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of muscle in male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty rats were divided randomly into five groups: control (n = 8), Sham (n = 8), zingier (n = 8), ET (n = 8), and ET + zingiber (n = 8). The training protocols consisted of ET on a treadmill for 8 weeks (5 days a week). Ginger extract (100 g/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously in the ginger group and ET + zingiber group for 8 weeks (3 days a week) from the beginning of the second week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session and 4 hours of overnight fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected. The serum concentration of IL-17 was measured using the ELISA method by BT kit, China. TAC concentration of muscle tissue was measured using the colorimetric method with ZELBIO kits, Germany. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’ post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: This study showed that after 8 weeks, serum levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in the ET groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Also, serum IL-17 was significantly decreased in the ET + ginger group than the endurance group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in TAC of muscle tissue in the ET, ginger, and ET + ginger groups than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 8 weeks of endurance training, combined with ginger supplementation, significantly reduced the inflammatory marker of IL-17. Therefore, ginger supplementation with endurance training seems to have a protective role against oxidative and inflammatory factors.

Protective Effects of N-acetylcysteine Niosome Nanoparticles on Paraquatinduced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats.

Paraquat (PQ), as a bipyridyl compound, is widely used as an effective herbicide that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting the unsaturated lipids of cell membranes leading to cell mortality. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication that has a beneficial role in reducing the intoxication of kidneys caused by PQ. Niosomes are bilayer vesicles that enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study aimed to compare the effects of NAC and niosome of NAC (NACNPs) on PQ-induced kidney toxicity concerning its antioxidant activity. In this experimental study, after formulating NACNP, 30 Wistar male rats weighing 180 to 250 gm were classified into five groups: the control group was treated with normal saline, while the other four groups received 35mg/kg/day of PQ via intraperitoneal route and, was treated with 25mg/kg/day NAC, 25mg/kg/day niosome and 25 mg/kg/day NACNP by gavage, Then, oxidative stress biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total thiol group (TTG), plus blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were evaluated in kidney tissue homogenate and examined histopathologically. The results revealed that TTG increased significantly in NAC & NACNP groups than in the PQ group. Further, in the PQ group, LPO increased significantly compared with the control, NAC, and NACNP groups, while in the NAC and NACNP group, LPO diminished compared with the PQ group. There was no significant difference in TAC between groups. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels dropped in NACNP compared with the PQ group and the NAC. Histological studies also approved PQ-induced damage and the protective effect of NACNP. The results indicated that NACNP could modulate oxidative stress status and kidney function against PQ toxicity.

The effects of hot air-dried white button mushroom powder on glycemic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

Background:The inflammatory and metabolic responses to mushroom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hot Air-dried White Button Mushroom (HAD-WBM) powder on glycemic status, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in T2DM patients.Materials and Methods:This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible patients were adults aged 20–50 with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were assigned to each group using a randomized block design with block randomization (n = 22, in each group). Randomization was performed by an assistant and group allocation was blinded for the investigator and participants. The intervention and control groups received 16 g/day HAD-WBM or cornstarch powder for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest were fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and secondary outcomes were triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, very-LDL, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and TAC.Results:After 8 weeks, a significant decrease was observed in fructosamine (−0.228 ± 0.36 vs. 0.03 ± 0.38; P = 0.02) and LDL (−13.05 ± 20.67 vs. 0.81 ± 21.79; P = 0.04) in the HAD-WBM group compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in fasting insulin and FBS between the two groups. However, a significant within-group reduction (−28.00 ± 42.46; P = 0.006) was observed for FBS in the HAD-WBM group. In the HAD-WBM group, insulin resistance reduced significantly at the end of the study (From 4.92 to 3.81; P = 0.016), but it was not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in TAC, hs-CRP, and IL-6 between the two groups.Conclusion:Considering the results of this study about the beneficial effects of HAD-WBM on the improvement of glycemic indices and LDL in T2DM patients, it is recommended that HAD-WBM could be used to control T2DM.

Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance, antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary palm oil inclusion levels on growth performance, serum antioxidative status and cytokines in Sanhuang broiler chickens. A total of 208 one-day-old female Sanhuang chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates per group and of 13 birds each for a 42-day feeding trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without palm oil (control) and diets containing 2%, 4% or 6% palm oil. During days 22 to 42 and the overall experimental period, chickens fed diets supplemented with 4% and 6% palm oil had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p=0.019) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (p=0.031). Average daily gain (ADG) tended to be higher (p=0.089) for palm oil inclusion treatments compared with the control treatment from days 1 to 42. Dietary 2% and 4% palm oil treatments significantly lowed serum malondialdehyde concentration on day 21 when compared to the control and 6% palm oil treatments (p=0.027). Dietary 6% palm oil treatment significantly reduced the catalase (CAT) activity (p=0.018) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p=0.027) in serum in comparison with the control treatment on day 21. No significant differences were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum among dietary treatments on day 21. There were no significant differences in T-AOC, CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities among dietary treatments on day 42. Dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil significantly increased (p=0.01) serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content, but improved transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content in serum on both days 21 and 42 (p=0.032 and 0.022 respectively) as well as IL-10 content on day 42 (p=0.022) when compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 6% palm oil significantly reduced tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content on days 21 and 42 (p=0.021 and 0.001 respectively) compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil could improve the growth performance, modulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and show limited effect on antioxidative status in Sanhuang broiler chickens.

İn vitro fertilizasyon olgularında serım ve folliküler sıvı total oksidan ve antioksidan seviyelerinin incelenmesi

Objective: To assess the effects of serum and follicular fluid total oxidant (TOC) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) on oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryogenesis, and clinical pregnancy outcomes in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles of infertile patients.Materials and Methods: One hundred patients having infertility and underwent ART enrolled the study group and blood samples were collected on gonadotropin starting, oocyte pick-up (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET) days. Additionally, follicular fluid specimen obtained during OPU was collected. TOC, TAC levels and OSI in serum samples and follicular fluid specimens between clinically pregnant and non-pregnant patients were compared.Results: No significant difference was noted between clinically pregnant and nonpregnant patients in terms of the woman's age, duration of infertility, ovarian reserve or number of transferred embryos. There was also no significant difference in TAC, TOC and OSI levels in serum samples obtained during three phases of treatment cycle (basal gonadotropin starting day, OPU day and ET day) and in follicular fluid samples. Conclusion: TAC, TOC and OSI seem to be ineffective to predict clinical pregnancy as an outcome in patients who underwent ART.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Serum and Red Blood Cell of Patients with Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Case-Control Study

Background and Aim: Oxidative stress is a major mechanism involved in stroke pathogenesis. The present study evaluated and compared oxidative stress parameters in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (IS and HS) at the time of hospitalization and 1 week after hospitalization. Methods: This was a case-control study with 87 stroke patients (58 IS and 29 HS) as the case and 58 normal individuals as the control group. Sampling was done at the time of hospitalization and after 1 week. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiol group, and F2-isoprostan levels were measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Elman, and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA methods, respectively. Results: At the time of hospitalization, there was no significant difference in TAC and F2-isoprostan levels between the case and control groups (TAC for IS = 852.4 ± 238.9, HS = 1064.1 ± 271.1, and control = 947.6 ± 203.1 µmol/L; P = 0.074), yet, the thiol group levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the case groups (IS and HS) compared to the control group (IS = 360.3 ± 139.8, HS = 357.8 ± 94.4, and control = 568.4 ± 201.4 mmol/L; P < 0.001). At 1 week after the time of hospitalization, the case patients showed a significant increase in thiol levels (IS at p = 0.005; HS at P = 0.02), yet, TAC values decreased (P < 0.015) only in patients with HS compared to levels at the time of hospitalization. There were no significant differences between groups for antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) or the National institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score of patients at the time of hospitalization and 1 week later, except for superoxide dismutase (SOD), which increased in patients with HS (P = 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that antioxidant defense status in stroke patients was lower than for the control group. Improving the antioxidant defense system, especially for HS patients by strategies such as natural antioxidant consumption is suggested.

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines is a main trait of rheumatoid arthritis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenous antioxidant, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in some diseases. In this study we aimed to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on cytokines generation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis. In this double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 44 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were recruited. Twenty two patients received 100 mg/day capsules of CoQ10 and 22 patients took placebo for 2 months. At the beginning and the end of the intervention, 7 mL of fasting blood was taken from patients to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). At the end of the study, serum MDA significantly decreased in supplemented group (mean difference = -1.47 nmol/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.52 to -0.43; p = 0.008). CoQ10 also suppressed overexpression of TNF-α (difference in median was +1.1 in placebo vs. +0.03 in CoQ10 group; p = 0.033). There was no significant difference in TAC and IL-6 levels between groups. This study showed beneficial effects of CoQ10 supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Suspected Thyroid Dysfunction

The incidence of thyroid disorders is reported in significant numbers globally. Patients referred for thyroid function tests to the Nuclear Medicine unit, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka were assessed for antioxidant status in addition to routine investigations. Among the patients investigated 41.9% had enlarged thyroid glands while others (58.1%) did not show any thyroid enlargement. Majority (79.5%) of the patients with enlarged thyroid, had multi nodular goiter, while only 12.8% had diffused enlargement and 7.7% had solitary thyroid nodules. Ninety three subjects formed the study group and their mean Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was 5.4 ± 12.3 mU/L with a range from 0.1 to 58.0 mU/L. Their mean serum Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was 719.1 ± 164.5 µmol/L and mean serum Protein thiol concentration was 517.7 ± 89.8 µmol/L. Age had a significant positive correlation with TAC (r= 0.268, P= 0.009), and a significant negative correlation with protein thiol (r= -0.481, P < 0.001). BMI of the patients increased significantly with age. Among the patients, 9 (9.7%) were hyperthyroid, 68 (73.1%) were euthyroid while 16 (17.2%) were hypothyroid. There was a significant positive correlation between TSH and TAC (r=0.526, P=0.036) in hypothyroid patients which had not been reported previously. The mean serum TAC in males (928.7 ± 60.4 µmol/L) was significantly higher than that of females (699.4 ± 150.5 µmol/L) (P =0.006). Similarly, mean serum protein thiol concentration of males (570.7 ± 23.6 µmol/L) was significantly higher than that of females (512.7 ± 90.0 µmol/L) (P=0.049). No significant differences in TAC and protein thiol concentration were evident among euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients which suggest that the antioxidant status does not differ among the different categories of patients investigated.

Effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on oxidative stress during general anesthesia for elective cesarean section

Anesthetic agents might considerably influence maternal-fetal oxidative stress and antioxidants during cesarean section (CS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on oxidative stress parameters both in mothers and newborns undergoing elective CS. Eighty ASA physical status I-II, term parturients undergoing elective CS under general anesthesia were randomized to desflurane (Group D) and sevoflurane (Group S) groups. Blood samples were collected from mothers before operation and postoperatively and umbilical artery samples were obtained at delivery. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) status, lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and free sulfhydryl (-SH) levels were measured and oxidative stress index was calculated. Secondary outcomes included maternal hemodynamics. Preoperative LOOH, TOS, OSI, TAC, and -SH levels were similar among groups. Postoperative maternal serum LOOH, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly increased in Group D compared to Group S (p = 0.003, p = 0.005, p = 0.04; respectively). Postoperative umbilical artery LOOH, TOS, OSI levels were also significantly increased in Group D compared to Group S (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, p = 0.01; respectively). Postoperative TOS (p = 0.001, < 0.001 respectively) and OSI (p = 0.003, < 0.001 respectively) levels in both Group D and Group S were statistically significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels. Postoperative LOOH and -SH levels in Group S (p = 0.04, 0.029 respectively) were statistically significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels. There were no significant differences in TAC and -SH levels among groups (p = nonsignificant [n.s.]). Maternal perioperative mean blood pressure and heart rate were similar among groups (p = n.s.). Oxidative stress indices might be modified with preferred anesthetic agent and sevoflurane showed more favorable effects than desflurane in view of oxidative stress.

Adequate vitamin B‐6 is associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activity in critically ill surgical patients

Inadequate vitamin B‐6 status may increase oxidative stress and compromise antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this study was to understand the association between vitamin B‐6 status and oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme capacities in critically ill surgical patients. Patients were allocated into either adequate B‐6 (n = 11) or deficient B‐6 (n = 10) group based on their fasting plasma pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) concentration at admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Plasma and erythrocyte PLP, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th d of admission. There was no significant difference in TAC and MDA levels, GST and GPx activities between the 2 groups on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th in the SICU. The mean SOD activity level was significantly higher in the adequate B‐6 group when compared to the deficient B‐6 group on the 1st and 4th after admission. The change of plasma PLP (rs = 0.68, p &lt; 0.01) significantly correlated with the change of SOD activities after adjusting for potential factors. Higher plasma PLP at admission would be an important contributing factor to increased antioxidant enzyme activity in SICU patients. This study was supported by Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH‐994101B), Taiwan.

Oxidative stress markers in canine atopic dermatitis

There are no data in the veterinary literature relating to oxidative stress in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). The study aimed to determine levels of oxidative stress markers, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), in 15 CAD patients and 17 healthy dogs. A correlation between CADESI (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index) score and MDA was also determined. Significantly higher plasma MDA levels were found in patients than in healthy dogs. The significant, highly positive correlation determined between CADESI score and MDA in the patient group indicates an association between the severity of CAD and the extent of oxidative damage to membrane lipids. There were no significant differences in TAC, GPX and SOD between patients and healthy dogs. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress with increased lipid peroxidation could be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in dogs.

Comparison of total oxidant/antioxidant status in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of newborn before and after conventional and LED phototherapy: A prospective randomized controlled trial

We evaluated and compared the oxidant and antioxidant status of hyperbilirubinemic infants before and after the two forms of phototherapy: conventional and LED phototherapy, in order to identify the optimal treatment method. Thirty newborns exposed to conventional (Group I) phototherapy and 30 infants exposed to LED phototherapy (Group II) were studied. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed by EREL's method. There were no statistically significant differences in TAC or TOS levels between Group I and Group II prior to phototherapy, and no statistically significant difference in TAC levels between the two groups after phototherapy; however, TOS levels were significantly lower in Group II compared to Group I after phototherapy. Oxidative stress index (OSI) increased after conventional phototherapy (p < 0.05) The increase in TOS following conventional phototherapy was not not observed following LED phototherapy. This difference should be considered when using phototherapy.

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have increased serum total antioxidant capacity measured with the crocin bleaching assay

The balance between oxidants and antioxidants can play an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. Recently, we have described a new automated method for the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in human serum and plasma. We measured TAC and corrected TAC (CTAC -abstraction of interactions due to endogenous uric acid, bilirubin and albumin) in 52 patients with chronic liver diseases (41 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 10 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 13 patients with viral HCV cirrhosis) as well as in 10 healthy controls. In 23 PBC patients measurement were also done 6 mo after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The TAC assay was based on a modification of the crocin bleaching assay. The results were correlated with routine laboratory measurements and the histological stage of PBC. There were no significant differences in TAC between the various groups. However, CTAC was considerably increased in the PBC group compared to controls and cirrhotics. Analysis of these patients according to disease stages showed that this increase was an early phenomenon observed only in stages I and II compared to controls, cirrhotics and patients with chronic hepatitis C). After 6 mo of treatment with UDCA, levels of CTAC decreased to those similar to that of controls. Patients in the early stages of PBC present with high levels of corrected total antioxidant capacity and this maybe related to the pathophysiology of the disease. UDCA treatment restores the levels of CTAC to control levels.