Significant Difference In Oxygen Saturation Research Articles

Patient satisfaction with deep versus light/moderate sedation for non-surgical procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Deep sedation relieves a patient's anxiety and stress during the procedure by inducing patient unconsciousness. However, it remains unclear whether deep sedation actually improves patient satisfaction with the procedure. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the satisfaction of patients undergoing deep sedation with that of those undergoing light/moderate sedation during non-surgical procedures.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic databases (search until September 2020). The primary outcome was whether patient satisfaction was higher after deep sedation or light/moderate sedation. The secondary outcome was the relative safety of deep sedation compared with light/moderate sedation in terms of oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate. The tertiary outcomes were the relative procedure and recovery times for deep versus light/moderate sedation.Data from each of the trials were combined, and calculations were made using DerSimonian and Laird random effects models. The pooled effect estimates for patient satisfaction were evaluated using relative risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled effect estimates for continuous data are expressed as weighted mean difference with the 95% CI. We assessed heterogeneity with the Cochrane Q statistic and the I2 statistic. The risk of bias assessment and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach were used as the quality assessment method.Results:After removing unrelated studies and applying the exclusion criterion, 5 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in those who received deep sedation compared with light/moderate sedation (relative risk = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.20; P = .003; Cochrane Q = 25.0; I2 = 76%).There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and procedure times according to whether the procedures were performed under deep or light/moderate sedation. However, the recovery time was significantly prolonged in patients under deep sedation.Conclusions:Our meta-analysis suggests that deep sedation resulted in improved patient satisfaction compared with light/moderate sedation. Deep sedation is recommended for patients undergoing procedures because it improves patient satisfaction. However, respiration and circulation should be carefully monitored both intra-operatively and postoperatively.

Right lateral position can improving oxygen saturation and respiratory rate on under-five children with pneumonia.

Pediatric patients with pneumonia experience respiratory distress in the form of shortness of breath and rapid breathing, which affects oxygen saturation. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate can be increased by providing the right lateral position. Fulfillment of oxygen will affect the healing of children and can reduce the length of stay in hospital. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of right lateral positioning on oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in under-five children with pneumonia. The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group design. Respondents were 32 infants with pneumonia, (right lateral=16 and control group=16), selected by consecutive sampling. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed. There was a significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after right lateral position (p-value=0.000) and there was a significant difference in the respiratory rate before and after right lateral position (p-value=0.000). The results can be used to improve health services by promoting the right lateral position as a selftreatment intervention for increasing oxygen saturation and stabilizing respiratory rate in infants with pneumonia.

Feasibility of using a non-sedation protocol for evaluation of neonatal congenital heart disease by using a 16-cm wide-detector computed tomography with a low radiation dose: preliminary experience from a single pediatric medical center.

The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of using a non-sedation protocol for the evaluation of neonatal congenital heart disease by using 16-cm wide-detector CT with a low radiation dose. Thirty-four neonates (group 1) were enrolled to undergo cardiac CT without sedation between August 2018 and March 2019. The control group (group 2) comprising 20 inpatient neonates was sedated. Cardiac CT was performed using 16-cm area detector 320-row CT with free breathing and prospective ECG-triggering scan mode. The examination completion time, radiation dose, and image quality were compared between the groups. The results of cardiac CT for patients in group 1 who underwent surgery were compared with surgical findings. Intergroup differences in body weight, age, examination completion time, radiation dose, and image quality evaluation were not significant. There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after the examination in group 1. In all, 98 separate cardiovascular abnormalities in 27 group 1 patients were confirmed using surgical reports. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of cardiac CT were 94.90%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 98.53%. The non-sedation protocol can be applied in neonates with congenital heart disease by using 16-cm wide-detector CT with a low radiation dose. Based on the image quality obtained, non-sedative examination did not extend the examination completion time and helped avoid the possible side effects of sedative drugs.

Hemodynamic Changes Associated With Transcervical Laryngeal Injection of Botulinum Toxin

Laryngeal dystonia is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by intention-induced spasms of the vocal folds driven by aberrant central motor processing. The use of in-office transcervical botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of laryngeal disorders, such as laryngeal dystonia, has been deemed safe and efficacious. There is, however, no available data outlining the hemodynamic changes experienced by patients undergoing this frequently performed procedure. One hundred and one patients diagnosed with laryngeal dystonia were enrolled in this prospective study. These patients underwent transcervical laryngeal botulinum toxin injection to address their dysphonia. Vital signs where acquired prior to, and at the time of injection. Alterations in these parameters were then evaluated for statistical significance. Statistically significant increases in mean heart rate (5.8 ± 10.8 bpm, P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (7.0 ± 9.5 mm Hg, P < 0.0001; 8.7 ± 14.7 mm Hg, P < 0.0001) were discovered. No statistically significant difference in oxygen saturation was noted and no patients in the study faced major adverse outcomes. Though these findings may not have related to clinically significant complication, our study demonstrates the importance of understanding potential stressors in a procedure routinely performed by laryngologists. This may result in more careful patient selection, alterations in procedure, and improved safety by acting in a timely fashion if alarming changes in hemodynamic parameters are noted.

Photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound imaging of systemic sclerosis patients

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis starts with an early phase characterized by Raynaud’s phenomenon, puffy fingers/hands, autoantibodies, and a scleroderma nailfold microscopic pattern. Alterations in the nailfold microscopic pattern are not evident in all early SSc patients. Photoacoustics (PA) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) could fulfill this need. The former can measure oxygen saturation while the latter can measure skin thickening. We hypothesize that photoacoustics and high-frequency ultrasound can distinguish (early) SSc patients from individuals with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP) by measuring oxygenation of the fingertip and skin thickening.MethodsWe compared measurements of oxygenation and skin thickness of the third finger between (early) SSc patients and PRP individuals and healthy controls. The spearman rank correlation was used to analyze an association between capillary density and oxygen saturation of the fingers.ResultsThirty-one adult subjects participated in this study: twelve patients with SSc, 5 patients with early SSc, 5 volunteers with PR, and 9 healthy controls.We found a significant difference in oxygen saturation between (early) SSc patients (80.8% ± 8.1 and 77.9% ± 10.5) and individuals with PRP (93.9% ± 1.1).Measurements of skin thickening showed a significant difference in (early) SSc patients compared to individuals with PRP (0.48 ± 0.06 mm and 0.51 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.27 ± 0.01 mm). There was no significant difference between healthy and PRP individuals in oxygenation or skin thickening.ConclusionPhotoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound could help to distinguish between (early) SSc, PRP, and healthy individuals in both oxygenation and skin thickening.

A Retrospective Comparison of Interscalene Continuous Catheter Verse Single-Injection with Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background: One common method of pain control for total shoulder arthroplasty is long-duration delivery of local anesthetic via interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) with a continuous catheter. Alternatively, liposomal bupivacaine has also been administered as an ISB as a means to prolong the analgesic effect. This study was completed to measure the non-inferiority of single-injection ISB with liposomal bupivacaine compared with ISB continuous catheter for total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty using either an ISB continuous catheter or a single injection ISB with liposomal bupivacaine for post operative analgesia. The primary goal of this study was to determine if single-injection with liposomal bupivacaine conferred non-inferior pain scores compared to the continuous catheter. Secondary outcomes evaluated oxygen saturation as a measure of hemidiaphragmatic paresis, post operative opioid requirements, and difference in cost. Results: We identified 333 patients for the study: 126 received continuous catheter and 207 received single-injection with liposomal bupivacaine. The median length of stay was 1 day. Pain scores for those treated with single-injection with liposomal bupivacaine were non-inferior to pain scores of those treated with the continuous catheter on post-op days 0, 1 and 2. Pain scores were lower for single-injection with liposomal bupivacaine patients on days 3 and 4, however they did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation between the two groups. Both groups had similar daily morphine milligram equivalent requirements. Liposomal bupivacaine ISB was also found to be less expensive. Conclusion: Single-injection ISB with liposomal bupivacaine provides non-inferior analgesia at a reduced cost compared with continuous catheter ISB for total shoulder arthroplasty.

A STUDY ON ANALGESIA PROVIDED BY ULTRASOUND GUIDED FASCIA ILIACA COMPARTMENT BLOCK WITH AND WITHOUT PARACETAMOL: EFFECT ON HEMODYNAMICS DURING INTUBATION

Introduction: Paracetamol acts by the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) mediated production of Prostaglandin unlike the non steroidal anti inflammatory agents, so it was found that tissue inflammation was not reduced. Methodology: A detailed pre-anaesthetic checkup carried out in each patient. Patient is kept nil per orally 6 hours prior to surgery, i.v line secured, pre medicated with Inj Ranitidine 50mg iv, Inj Ondansetron 4mg iv and IVF Ringer Lactate infusion at 100ml/hr 3 hours prior to surgery. Results: Among the patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia in fracture femur surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in Blood pressure, Mean arterial pressure (MAP) between the groups. Conclusion: Among the patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia in fracture femur surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in Oxygen saturation (SpO2) between the groups

Muscular endurance and muscle metabolic responses to 8weeks of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation.

BackgroundIt has been well known that exercise training improves muscular endurance; however, whether nutritional strategies can be used to enhance muscular endurance remains unclear. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that 8 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation, known to promote oxygen availability and lipid metabolism, would attenuate muscular fatigue caused by numerous muscle contractions.MethodsNineteen healthy men were randomly assigned to a placebo group (n = 9) and fish oil group (n = 10) in a double‐blind fashion. The fish oil group consumed EPA‐rich fish oil that contains 600‐mg EPA and 260‐mg DHA per day for 8 weeks. The placebo group received matching capsules for the same duration of time. After the 8‐week intervention, subjects performed muscular endurance test that was repeated knee extensions with weights equal to 40% of the subject's body weight.ResultsMaximal repetitions to exhaustion were recorded. In addition, maximum isometric voluntary muscle contraction (MVC), muscle metabolism using near‐infrared spectroscopy, and blood lactate were measured during the test. Subjects in both groups reached exhaustion after the muscular endurance test, while the maximal repetitions did not differ between the groups. Similarly, there is no significant difference in oxygen saturation in muscle tissue (StO2), an index of muscle oxygen availability, between the groups. Also, MVC and blood lactate did not change between groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study provided evidence that muscle fatigue caused by knee extensions cannot be attenuated by EPA and DHA supplementation in healthy subjects.

Subject Preferences and Psychological Implications of Portable Oxygen Concentrator Versus Compressed Oxygen Cylinder in Chronic Lung Disease.

Oxygen therapy represents the elective therapy to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic respiratory diseases like COPD and interstitial lung disease. Lightweight portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) are a valid alternative to traditional systems such as portable compressed oxygen cylinders. However, patient preference and the possible psychological implications related to the use of both devices have been poorly assessed. We sought to evaluate patient preference between the ambulatory oxygen systems (ie, a POC or a small cylinder) for patients with COPD and interstitial lung disease experiencing exertional desaturation in a rehabilitation setting. Furthermore, the use of one device in comparison with the other was related to specific mechanical characteristics and related to perceived quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. 30 subjects with COPD and interstitial lung disease, who demonstrated exertional desaturation on room air during 6-min walk test (6MWT), were recruited. Each subject performed 2 6MWTs, in random order: one breathing oxygen via a POC and one with a portable compressed oxygen cylinder. Both devices were set up to ensure oxyhemoglobin saturation between 92% and 95% during the 6MWTs. All subjects completed a questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Each device was randomly assigned to each subject for 1 week, and then replaced with the other in the following week. At the end of the trial period, all subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating several aspects of the oxygen therapy devices. There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation or the mean distances achieved during the 6MWTs between the 2 portable oxygen devices. The subjects expressed greater preference for the POC (73.3%), basing their choice mainly on ease of transport and lower weight. Subjects' age also correlated with preferences: younger subjects were more negatively focused on the weight of the portable compressed oxygen cylinder, whereas older subjects considered the POC easier to manage. No significant differences in preferences were present between COPD and interstitial lung disease. The POC and the portable compressed oxygen cylinder performed in a comparable manner during 6MWT for subjects with COPD and interstitial lung disease and exertional desaturation. Subjects preferred the POC because it was associated with better mobility.

Spa kaki dengan Bantuan Kayu Refleksi terhadap Saturasi Oksigen pada Diabetesi

Chronic hyperglycolia in people with diabetes results in changes in intra-cell biochemical homeostasis so that the selendothel and nerves are disturbed. Disorders of blood vessels and nerves result in decreased blood supply to the legs. Decreased blood supply to the legs is characterized by a decrease in the value of oxygen saturation. Efforts are needed to improve oxygen saturation in people with diabetes to prevent diabetic foot disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Foot SPA with the help of wood reflection on oxygen saturation in people with diabetes in South Denpasar. The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental method, pre-test post test with control group design. The study used 2 (two) groups, group I was given treatment in the form of Foot SPA with the help of wood reflection every 2 days 15-30 minutes for 6 weeks, group II (control group) were given foot exercises every 2 days 15-30 minutes for 6 weeks. Saturation data were collected with digital oximetry at the beginning of the study and one day after the treatment period ended. Data were analyzed by paired and unpaired different tests. The results of the statistical independent test of the t test that have been done show that the value of p value is 0,000 (p value &lt;0.05). This shows that there is a significant difference in oxygen saturation of the legs in the diabetics between the treatment groups that are given SPA reflective wooden foot SPA with a control group that is only given diabetic foot exercises. This can also be seen from the difference in the average oxygen saturation of the feet with diabetes in the treatment group by 4.52% and the control group by 0.28%. The results of the analysis showed that the administration of reflex wooden aids on foot was more effective in increasing oxygen saturation of the feet compared to only foot exercises in the control group.

Effects of nebulizer fill volume on the efficacy and safety of the bronchodilator

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of adding saline to the respirable-solution of salbutamol placed in a nebulization chamber on the clinical status of the ventilated patient.A total of 160 (80 female) asthmatic subjects were randomly divided into 8 groups (gp1-gp8). They received 0.5 ml salbutamol respirable-solution (5000 μg\\ml), 0.5 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+1 ml saline, 0.5 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+2 ml saline, 0.5 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+3 ml saline, 1 ml salbutamol respirable-solution, 1 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+1 ml saline, 1 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+2 ml saline and 1 ml salbutamol respirable-solution+3 ml saline respectively using jet-nebulizer. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of predicted (FEV1%), oxygen-saturation, pulse-rate, and respiratory-rate were measured before and 10–20 min after the nebulization of the salbutamol.0.5 ml salbutamol respirable-solution had no significant improvement in FEV1%. However, 1 ml had a significant improvement in FEV1% (p < 0.001). Increasing fill volume increased the FEV1% significantly (p < 0.001). No significant difference in FEV1% when saline increased from 2 ml to 3 ml. There was no significant difference in oxygen-saturation before and after the administration of salbutamol. Pulse-rate increased significantly (p < 0.01) at higher fill-volumes especially in group 6–8. A few subjects complained of palpitation and headache at the end of nebulization.Increasing fill-volume with jet-nebulizer enhanced the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol and plateau occurs after 2 ml added saline.

In vivo photoacoustic imaging dynamically monitors the structural and functional changes of ischemic stroke at a very early stage.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and accounts for 85% of stroke cases. Since the symptoms are not obvious, diagnosis of IS, particularly at an early stage, is a great challenge. Photoacoustic imaging combines high sensitivity of optical imaging and fine resolution of ultrasonography to non-invasively provide structural and functional information of IS.Methods: We adopted three rapid photoacoustic imaging systems with varying characteristics, including a portable handheld photoacoustic system, high-sensitivity bowl-shaped array photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), and high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to assess the stereoscopic and comprehensive pathophysiological status of IS at an early stage. Two representative models of IS, referring to photothrombosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models, were established to verify the feasibility of photoacoustic imaging detection.Results: Non-invasive, rapid PACT of the IS model in mouse provided structural information of the brain lesion, achieving early disease identification (5 min after the onset of disease). Moreover, it was able to dynamically reflect disease progression. Quantitative high-resolution PAM allowed observation of pathological changes in the microvascular system of mouse brain. In terms of functional imaging, significant differences in oxygen saturation (sO2) levels between infarcted and normal areas could be observed by PACT, permitting effective functional parameters for the diagnosis of IS.Conclusions: We used PACT to perform full-view structural imaging and functional imaging of sO2 in IS at the macroscopic level, and then observed the microvascular changes in the infarcted area at the microscopic level by using PAM. This work may provide new tools for the early diagnosis of IS and its subsequent complications as well as assessment of disease progression.

The Effect of Touch and Sound Therapy to The Level of Pain and Physiological Parameters in Infants

Background : During hospitalization, infants are exposed to unpleasant stimuli such as stress, pain, noise, and invasive procedures. These stimuli produce significant changes in vital signs. Touch and sound therapies are a therapy given to the infants in the form of a mother's touch and a light pat on the baby's hands, feet, body, and head. This procedure is accompanied by rhythmic sounds that have been made in the form of audio files. Objective : This study aimed to determine whether touch and sound therapy can affect the level of pain and physiological parameter (heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) in infants by venous blood sampling. Method : This research is an experimental study with a control time-series design, which was conducted from July to October 2013. The research subjects are 30 infants aged 1-12 months who took venous blood samples. Research data were analyzed statistically by the t-test. Result : The results showed that the NIPS scores differed significantly between the intervention and control groups p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Heart rate has a significant effect between the intervention and control groups p = 0.011 (p <0.05). The respiratory rate in the intervention group was lower compared to the control group p = 0.033 (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation between the intervention and control groups p = 0.232 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Touch and Sound therapy decrease levels of pain, heart rate, and respiratory rate, but does not affect oxygen saturation.

Does the application of Opsite\u22c4 Flexigrid\u22c4 occlude the oxygen saturation readings in healthy individuals using the moorVMS-OXY machine?

BackgroundA proportion of people who have been diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus will be susceptible to chronic wounds. Oxygen is vital for wound healing, so oxygen measurements should to be taken as predictive values for wound healing in patients. When measuring oxygen at the wound bed, there is potentially a risk of cross-infection if no protective barrier is used; and skin stripping if an adhesive barrier is used on the wound bed. This cross sectional within subject repeated measures pilot study, aims to determine if the application of opsite film, as an infection control measure, in one or two layers, impacts on tissue oxygenation readings obtained when using the MoorVMS-OXY.MethodsMean oxygen saturation percentages were measured from 29 limbs of 18 healthy participants. Oxygen saturation was measured for 20 s and analysed at the first metatarsophalangeal joint using no film, one and two layers using the MoorVMS-OXY. A one-way repeated ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to test for statistically significant differences between the values of the three parameters and multiple pairwise comparisons was completed.ResultsAmongst the three layers, there was a statistically significant difference in oxygen saturation between the two layers of Opsite Flexigrid and none; and also between the two layers of Flexigrid and single layer (p < 0.05). It was also established that there was no statistically significant difference between the single layer of Opsite Flexigrid and no Flexigrid layer (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results imply that one layer of Opsite Flexigrid is a suitable protective barrier to use when establishing capillary bed oxygen perfusion with the MoorVMS-OXY. However, the application of two Opsite Flexigrid layers, to prevent skin stripping, decreases the recorded values of oxygen saturation percentages significantly, therefore providing inaccurate results. Indicating that a double layer cannot be used over ulceration sites if measuring oxygen levels at the wound bed.

Effect of music on reducing anxiety in children during dental treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of music on anxiety in children during dental care Methods: A total of 40 children 5 to 11 years old were selected; they were randomized into 2 groups (n = 20): group 1: experimental, children were subjected to music therapy; group 2: control, children were not subjected to music therapy. We measured oxygen saturation, heart rate and levels of Corah anxiety scale and pain scale. The results for heart rate were evaluated by ANOVA. The Kruskal Wallis (Dunn) test was used to evaluate the oxygen saturation results and the Wilcoxon test for Corah anxiety and pain scores Results: There was a significant decrease in heart rate (pulse) in children who listened to music during dental treatment (p = 0.05). In the group without music, heart rate remained unchanged throughout the care (p = 0.53). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation or Corah anxiety and pain scores in children who listened to music during dental care (p &gt; 0.05) Conclusion: It can be concluded that music is a non-pharmacological alternative that reduces anxiety levels in children during dental treatment.

Effect of pre-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) on exercise-induced fatigue

To observe the therapeutic effect of pre-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) on exercise-induced fatigue. A total of 50 subjects were divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method, 25 cases in each one. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) before exercise, once a day, consecutive 5-day treatment was required. In the control group, there was no intervention. The subjective fatigue perception score, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, heart rate and oxygen saturation before and after exercise were observed in the two groups. Compared before exercise, the subjective fatigue perception scores, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rates after exercise were increased in the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the subjective fatigue perception score, serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rate after exercise in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after exercise in the two groups，there was no significant difference in oxygen saturation after exercise between the two groups (P>0.05). Pre-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) can effectively reduce the subjective fatigue perception score，serum levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase and heart rate to improve exercise-induced fatigue.

The impact of positioning on bottle-feeding in preterm infants (≤ 34 GA). A comparative study of the semi-elevated and the side-lying position - a pilot study.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare the advantages of semi-elevated and side-lying positioning during bottle-feeding of preterm infants ≤34 weeks gestational age (34+0/7).Material and methodsThe study included six neonates (n=6) bom ≤34 weeks gestational age who reached the age ≥32 weeks of postmenstrual age on the day when the study began and were hospitalized in the neonatology ward. Four bottle-feeding sessions were tested in each of the newborns: two in the side-lying and two in the semi-elevated position. The position for the first test was chosen randomly. For each of the positions twelve feeding sessions were examined and each preterm infant hod bottle-feeding sessions analyzed both in the semi-elevated and side-lying positions. The level of saturation and heart rate were measured as the parameters indicative of the newborn's physiological stability. The factors determining the qualitative aspect of feeding included the level of the newborn's alertness and the occurrence of choking episodes. The amount of food consumed and the duration of the feeding were also recorded.ResultsThe side-lying position was more effective with regard to the totol amount of sustenance consumed as compared to the semi-elevated feeding position and the study result was statistically significant (p=0.007). The difference in the number of chokes between the study groups was not statistically significant, although a trend towards a reduced number of choking episodes was observed among infants fed in the side-lying position (p=0.090). There were no significant differences in oxygen saturation, heart rate and level of activity between the study groups.ConclusionsThe effects of this pilot study demonstrate the efficacy of the side-lying feeding position regarding the final amount of milk intake. The side-lying position may also reduce the number of choking episodes during the feeding. The results suggest the need to extend the study in order to confirm the potential benefits of using the side-lying position.

Assessment of Valeriana officinalis l. (Valerian) for Conscious Sedation of Patients During the Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Randomized, Split-Mouth, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an herbal drug (valerian) to control anxiety during mandibular third molar extraction compared with a reference benzodiazepine drug commonly used in dental procedures (midazolam). Twenty anxious patients with an indication for bilateral extraction of mandibular third molars were selected. The patients received capsules containing valerian 100mg or midazolam 15mg orally 60minutes before the procedures in a randomized, split-mouth, crossover design. Changes in the physiological parameters (eg, oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate) were assessed at specific times during surgery, and the patients completed a questionnaire postoperatively. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and paired t tests, with a significance level of 5%. No statistically significant differences in oxygen saturation were observed, regardless of the drug used. However, the other physiological parameters were significantly lower when the patients had taken midazolam compared with valerian. Somnolence was the most common side effect reported with both drugs. Although midazolam was more effective in reducing the physiological parameters studied, valerian seemed to provide the comfort and relaxation required, with no sedation and less somnolence than midazolam, during third molar extraction. Further studies are necessary before valerian can be clinically recommended.

Perbandingan Pemberian Hiperoksigenasi Satu Menit DAB Dua Menit pada Proses Suction terhadap Saturasi Oksigen Pasien Terpasang Ventilator

This study aims to identify the effect of 1 minute hyperoxygenation on the suctioning process on oxygen saturation of patients with mechanical ventilators. Quasi experimental research design pre-post test with control group design. The sample in this study were 34 respondents who installed mechanical ventilators. Analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed oxygen I saturation before median hyperoxygenation 97 min 95-99, after median hyperoxygenation 99 min 98-100 with p value 0.05. While in the intervention group II before median hyperoxygenation 97 min 95-100, after median hyperoxygenation 99 min 95-100, with p value 0.05. Conclusions there were significant differences in oxygen saturation before and after 1 minute hyperoxygenation administration.&#x0D; Keywords: Hyperoxygenation, Suction Process, Oxygen Saturation, Ventilator.

Autogenic Drainage versus Counter Rotation Effect on Blood Gases in Post Thoraco Abdominal Surgery

AbstractBackground: This study was conducted to find outthe effect of autogenic drainage and counter rotation on blood gases in thoraco abdominal surgery.Aim of the Study: To compare the effect of autogenic drainage and counter rotation on blood gases in thoraco abdominal surgery.Patients and Methods: This study comprised 40 adult patients aged from 40-50 of both sexes who chosed from Kasr Aini Hospital.Methods: They were divided into two groups equal in number.1-Group A: 20 patients that received first traditional physio-therapy (breathing exercise, percussion, vibration with postural drainage) then autogenic drainage.2-Group B: 20 patients that received first traditional physio-therapy (breathing exercise, percussion, vibration with postural drainage) then counter rotation. The treatment done 3 times per day for 2 weeks.Results: The results showed that there was no significance difference between both groups in PH, PAO2, PACO2, HCO3. But there was significant difference in oxygen saturation between both group at the end of 14 days. There was a significant increase in SaO2 of group A compared with that of group B at 14th day (p=0.001).Conclusion: Autogenic drainage had a positive effect on oxygen saturation than counter rotation technique, the results of this study support the importance of adding autogenic drainage to traditional physiotherapy to improve oxygen saturation.