Significant Difference In Intention Research Articles

The Relationship Between Health Department Accreditation and Workforce Satisfaction, Retention, and Training Needs.

To improve quality and consistency of health departments, a voluntary accreditation process was developed by the Public Health Accreditation Board. Understanding accreditation's role as a mediator in workforce training needs, satisfaction, and awareness is important for continued improvement for governmental public health. To compare differences in training needs, satisfaction/intent to leave, and awareness of public health concepts for state and local health department staff with regard to their agency's accreditation status. This cross-sectional study considered the association between agency accreditation status and individual perceptions of training needs, satisfaction, intent to leave, and awareness of public health concepts, using 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) data. Respondents were categorized on the basis of whether their agencies (at the time of survey) were (1) uninvolved in accreditation, (2) formally involved in accreditation, or (3) accredited. Multivariate logistic regression models found several significant differences, including the following: individuals from involved state agencies were less likely to report having had their training needs assessed; staff from accredited and involved agencies identified more gaps in selected skills; and employees of accredited agencies were more aware of quality improvement. While state employees in accredited and formally involved agencies reported less job satisfaction, there were no significant differences in intent to leave or burnout. Differences were identified concerning awareness of various public health concepts, especially among respondents in state agencies. While some findings were consistent with past research (eg, link between accreditation and quality improvement), others were not (eg, job satisfaction). Several self-reported skill gaps were unanticipated, given accreditation's emphasis on training. Potentially, as staff are exposed to accreditation topics, they gain more appreciation of skills development needs. Findings suggest opportunities to strengthen workforce development components when revising accreditation measures.

소비자들의 사장 패션제품 보유 특성에 따른 버리기 어려움 행동 연구

Recently fast fashion has become a key component of the fashion market, which has led to an increase in overconsumption, or the consumption of clothes that are discarded after only a single season. This has resulted in consumers possessing fashion goods that they do not use often or cannot discard. This study looks at consumer hoarding behavior, and the relationship between hoarding behavior and difficulty discarding fashion goods for consumers. This study surveyed male and female consumers in their 20s～50s for empirical analysis in July 2018. The survey study surveyed 366 male and female consumers aged 20s～50s, who were selected through online convenience sampling for empirical analysis in July 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 19.0 and descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA analysis, and the Scheffe test, χ²-test, and t-test. The results were as follows. First, the greatest proportion of unused fashion goods possessed by the consumer were clothes, as compared to shoes or bags. Clothes and bags were possessed for a longer number of years, as compared to shoes. A significant difference was found in the proportion of unused fashion goods, and the number of years possessed, according to demographic characteristics. For clothes, sex, marital status, age, number of family members living together, and income of the consumer were relevant, whereas for shoes, sex, marital status, age, and monthly amount spent on fashion goods were relevant. For bags, age and income of the consumer were relevant. Second, a significant difference was found in difficulty discarding unused fashion goods, according to the proportion of unused goods and the number of years possessed. The higher the proportion of unused goods, and the longer the number of years possessed, the greater the difficulty of discarding. A difference was found in the amount of influence the proportion of goods and the longest number of years possessed had, depending on the goods category. Third, a significant difference in intention to discard was found according to the proportion of unused goods and the longest number of years possessed. For clothes, the higher the proportion and the longer the number of years possessed, the greater the intention to discard. This study will help consumers who make purchases in the fashion market organize goods rationally and make a habit of engaging in desirable consumer behaviors.

The Effect of Demographic Factors on Organizational Justice and Intention to Leave in the Private Higher Education Sector in Egypt

This study aimed to examine the impact and the relationship between organizational justice and the intention to leave and investigate the effect of demographic factors on study variables among the universities employees in Egypt. Organizational justice is explained as perceived fairness in terms of distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice, temporal justice and spatial justice at workplace. The study differs from other studies because of the research about employees working in private sector of higher education in Egypt. A hypothesized framework was developed and tested using stepwise multiple liner regression analysis on a sample of 438 academic staff and knowledge employees at different private universities were selected for survey and data were statistically tested by applying regression and correlation analysis. This study specifically, addressed the following questions: 1) What are the effects of organizational justice on the employees’ intention to leave in the private higher education sector in Egypt? 2) What are the effects of the demographic factors on the organizational justice and intention to leave in the private higher education sector in Egypt? The results of this study suggest that the perceptions of high levels of organizational justice lead to decrease in the level of intention to leave. The originality of this study contributes to the intention to leave literature and managerial practice in Higher Education Institutions by providing empirical evidence for the effects of demographic factors on organizational justice and intention to leave. The results revealed to that all five justice dimensions and total organizational justice were negatively significant to intention to leave. It can be concluded that age, educational level, university type and experience show the significant differences in intention to leave. Otherwise, there are significant differences in organizational justice among gender, age and experience among the employees worked in the private higher education sector in Egypt.

The impact of a required course on third year pharmacy students' perceived abilities and intentions in providing medication therapy management

Background and purposeTo examine the impact of a Medication Therapy Management (MTM) course on third-year pharmacy students' (P3s) perceived abilities and intentions to provide MTM services before and after the course. Educational activity and settingAn anonymous 48-item self-administered survey was administered to P3s before and after the MTM course. Forty-six items using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) measured abilities in MTM provision using the following seven subdomains: general MTM ability (GA), medication therapy review (MTR), medication-related problems identification/recommendations (MRPIR), disease measurement/monitoring (DM), communication (CO), follow-up/referral (FR), and billing/documentation (BD). Two items assessed intent to provide MTM in practice. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alphas, and paired t-tests were used. FindingsAll enrolled P3s (n = 110) completed both surveys. Subdomain Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.70–0.97. Paired t-test showed no significant difference in intention to provide MTM before and after the course; however, the results revealed a significant increase in perceived abilities (before vs. after, respectively) regarding MTR (3.2 ± 0.6;4.2 ± 0.4; p < 0.0001), MRPIR (3.3 ± 0.6;4.2 ± 0.4; p < 0.0001), DM (4.2 ± 0.6;4.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.0004), CO (3.9 ± 0.5; 4.3 ± 0.4; p < 0.0001), FR (3.7±0.8;4.2±0.6; p = 0.0002), and BD (2.4±0.9;3.9±0.8; p < 0.0001). Discussion and summaryA required MTM course with both didactic and experiential components were instrumental in improving P3s' perceived abilities to provide MTM services. Additional research is needed to understand why students' intention to provide MTM did not change pre- to post-course completion.

PREVIEW study-influence of a behavior modification intervention (PREMIT) in over 2300 people with pre-diabetes: intention, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies during the early phase of a lifestyle intervention.

PurposeOnset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often gradual and preceded by impaired glucose homeostasis. Lifestyle interventions including weight loss and physical activity may reduce the risk of developing T2D, but adherence to a lifestyle change is challenging. As part of an international T2D prevention trial (PREVIEW), a behavior change intervention supported participants in achieving a healthier diet and physically active lifestyle. Here, our aim was to explore the influence of this behavioral program (PREMIT) on social-cognitive variables during an 8-week weight loss phase.MethodsPREVIEW consisted of an initial weight loss, Phase I, followed by a weight- maintenance, Phase II, for those achieving the 8-week weight loss target of ≥ 8% from initial bodyweight. Overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) individuals aged 25 to 70 years with confirmed pre-diabetes were enrolled. Uni- and multivariate statistical methods were deployed to explore differences in intentions, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies between those who achieved the target weight loss (“achievers”) and those who did not (“non-achievers”).ResultsAt the beginning of Phase I, no significant differences in intentions, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies between “achievers” (1,857) and “non-achievers” (163) were found. “Non-achievers” tended to be younger, live with child/ren, and attended the PREMIT sessions less frequently. At the end of Phase I, “achievers” reported higher intentions (healthy eating χ2(1)=2.57; P <0.008, exercising χ2(1)=0.66; P <0.008), self-efficacy (F(2; 1970)=10.27, P <0.005), and were more positive about the expected outcomes (F(4; 1968)=11.22, P <0.005).ConclusionAlthough statistically significant, effect sizes observed between the two groups were small. Behavior change, however, is multi-determined. Over a period of time, even small differences may make a cumulative effect. Being successful in behavior change requires that the “new” behavior is implemented time after time until it becomes a habit. Therefore, having even slightly higher self-efficacy, positive outcome expectancies and intentions may over time result in considerably improved chances to achieve long-term lifestyle changes.

Targeting hardcore smokers: The effects of an online tailored intervention, based on motivational interviewing techniques.

Hardcore smokers have smoked for many years and do not intend to quit. They also seem unreceptive to information about smoking cessation. We developed a 30-min, tailored web-based intervention that includes motivational interviewing principles. It aims to increase hardcore smokers' intention to quit and their receptivity to information about smoking cessation. In a two-arm experiment, we compared outcome scores of the experimental intervention (n=346) with those of a control intervention (n=411). Our main outcomes were receptivity to information about quitting, intention to quit, quitting self-efficacy, and interest in a subsequent online intervention. Our secondary outcomes were cigarettes smoked per day and quit attempts. All outcomes were measured directly post-experiment (t1 ), after 2weeks (t2 ), and after 2months (t3 ). At t1 , hardcore smokers in the intervention condition were more receptive to information about quitting than controls. At both t2 and t3 , those in the experimental group had reduced the number of cigarettes more than those in the control group. At t2 , but not t3 , more participants in the experimental group had reduced their cigarette consumption by at least 50% than among controls. We found no significant differences in intention to quit, quitting self-efficacy, interest in a subsequent online quitting intervention, and number of quit attempts. The intervention increased hardcore smokers' receptivity to information about smoking cessation and decreased their cigarette consumption by about 1 cigarette per day. Although the results are positive, the clinical relevance may be limited. We recommend further developing this intervention for practical use in health care settings. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Hardcore smokers have smoked for many years and do not intend to quit. There are currently no online interventions for hardcore smokers. What does this study add? This study tested an online intervention for hardcore smokers. The intervention increased hardcore smokers' receptivity to information about quitting. It also helped to reduce the number of cigarettes per day.

Responsiveness of a simple tool for assessing change in behavioral intention after continuing professional development activities

BackgroundContinuing professional development (CPD) activities are one way that new knowledge can be translated into changes in practice. However, few tools are available for evaluating the extent to which these activities change health professionals’ behavior. We developed a questionnaire called CPD-Reaction for assessing the impact of CPD activities on health professionals’ clinical behavioral intentions. We evaluated its responsiveness to change in behavioral intention and verified its acceptability among stakeholders.Methods and findingsWe enrolled 376 health professionals who completed CPD-Reaction before and immediately after attending a CPD activity. We contacted them three months later and asked them to self-report on any behavior change. We compared the mean rankings on each CPD-Reaction construct before and immediately after CPD activities. To estimate its predictive validity, we compared the median behavioral intention score (post-activity) of health professionals reporting a behavior change three months later with the median behavioral intention score of physicians who reported no change. We explored stakeholders’ views on CPD-Reaction in semi-structured interviews. Participants were mostly family physicians (62.2%), with an average of 19 years of clinical practice. Post-activity, we observed an increase in intention-related scores for all constructs (P < 0.001) with the most appreciable for the construct beliefs about capabilities. A total of 313 participants agreed to be contacted at follow up, and of these only 69 (22%) reported back. Of these, 43 (62%) self-reported a behavior change. We observed no statistically significant difference in intention between health professionals who later reported a behavior change and those who reported no change (P = 0.30). Overall, CPD stakeholders found the CPD-Reaction questionnaire of interest and suggested potential solutions to perceived barriers to its implementation.ConclusionThe CPD-Reaction questionnaire seems responsive to change in behavioral intention. Although CPD stakeholders found it interesting, future implementation will require addressing barriers they identified.

Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis on Predictors of Women’s Intention to Limit Child-bearing in Rural Ethiopia

The fertility rate of Ethiopia, especially in the rural areas, is unacceptably high. This is leading to negative influence on economic and social development. Thus, understanding those factors that influence the fertility intention of women is important for family planning program purposes and population policy. The main objective of this study was to investigate variability of women’s intentions to limit child-bearing in rural Ethiopia between regions and individually. The source of the data was the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A weighted sub-sample of 10,864 women was drawn from the DHS women's dataset. The multilevel logistic regression was applied to examine the various factors between intention to limit child-bearing and demographic, socio-economic, and cultural characteristics. From a total of 10,864 women 3,230 (29.7 percent) were intending to limit child-bearing while the remaining 7,634 (70.3 percent) did not. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that there were substantial variations in desire to limit child-bearing among eight regions in rural Ethiopia. Accordingly, for empty model, the variance is estimated asδ²_uo = 0.521 revealing that there was a significant difference in intention to limit child-bearing across regions. The variance of random intercept is estimated at 0.423; this is due to the inclusion of fixed predictor variables indicating that the additional predictors did not increase the percentage of variance explained by the model. Furthermore, either empty model or random intercept model revealed that there was a significance variation in intention to limit child-bearing across the considered regions. Similarly, results of random coefficient for the selected few predictor variables, showed that the number of living children found to be significant in explaining variations in intention to limit child-bearing across the regions. The overall variance constant term is found to be statistically significant. Family planning programs should focus on women with unmet need, particularly those who want to limit child-bearing; avail more information, education and communication about small family norms and the benefits of family planning to achieve the goals of wanted fertility is needed.

Perceptions and Intention of Nurses in Using Physical Restraints for Dementia Patients in Geriatric Hospitals

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' perceptions and intention to use physical restraints for geriatric hospital dementia patients. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used with 112 nurses recruited from 6 geriatric hospitals. Data on nurses' general characteristics as well as perceptions and intention to use physical restraints for dementia patients were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and standard multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results There were significant differences in perceptions of physical restraints for dementia patients according to type of restraint (wrist, lapboard with wheelchair, or alternative methods). Significant differences in intention were found for age, position, mobility decline, alternative methods, physical restraints guideline, and complaints from family. Factors affecting nurses' intention to use physical restraints included perceptions on physical restraint use, mobility decline, being a head nurse, and no alternative method available. These factors explained 51% of total variances in the regression model. Conclusion Findings show that nurses' perception of physical restraints for geriatric hospital dementia patients is significantly correlated with intention to use physical restraints. Therefore, provision of periodic training and education on alternatives are necessary to reduce indiscriminate use of physical restraints. 주요어: 인식, 의도, 간호사, 치매, ì‹ ì²´ì  ì–µì œëŒ€ Key Words: Perception, Intention, Nurses, Dementia, Physical restraints

The differential effects of presenting uncertainty around benefits and harms on treatment decision making

ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the effects of presenting uncertainty of quantitative risk information about medication harms and benefits on intention to take medication and psychosocial outcomes. Methods147 participants were randomized into four hypothetical scenarios: (1) harm/benefit presented as point-estimates, (2) harm as point/benefit as range, (3) harm as range/benefit as point, (4) harm/benefit as ranges. We assessed participants’ intention to take medication, understanding, decisional conflict, and perceived benefit and harm. Participants viewed the scenario again with swapped range vs. point-estimate presentations; intention was re-assessed at time 2. ResultsThere were no significant differences in intention across arms (p=0.93). There was an increase in intention to take medication between time 1 and time 2 in arm 4 (both harm/benefit presented as ranges, then point estimates). Understanding was greater when information was presented as point estimates compared to ranges, for both benefit (all questions correct: 74% vs 42%; χ2=15.28, df=2, p<0.001) and harm (all questions correct: 70% vs 43%; χ2=11.19, df=2, p=0.004) ConclusionChanges in benefit information appear to be more influential in changing intention to take medication than harm information. Presenting uncertainty decreases understanding of information. Practice implicationThe findings may help develop optimal ways to present uncertainty.

The Effects of Demographics and Past Experience on RFID Technology Acceptance in the Hospitality Industry

This study explored the relationship between individual differences of customers and their intention to use radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in the hospitality industry. Data were collected from 305 respondents in the United States. ANOVA was used to identify if there was a significant difference in intention to use RFID technology by past experience and by demographic variables including gender, age, education, and income. The findings of the study indicated that there were significant differences in intention to use RFID technology by past experience and by all the demographic variables. By knowing which variables affect customers’ intentions to use RFID technology, hospitality companies can create better segmentation and more effective marketing strategies to attract more customers.

Experimental evidence for the intention–behavior relationship in the physical activity domain: A meta-analysis.

Most contemporary theories of physical activity include an intention construct as the proximal determinant of behavior. Support of this premise has been found through correlational research. The purpose of this paper was to appraise the experimental evidence for the intention-behavior relationship through meta-analysis. Studies were eligible if they included: (1) random assignment of participants to intervention/no intervention groups; (2) an intervention that produced a significant difference in intention between groups; and (3) a measure of behavior was taken after the intention measure. Literature searches were concluded in December 2010 among five key search engines. This search yielded a total of 1,033 potentially relevant records; of these, 11 passed the eligibility criteria. Random effects meta-analysis procedures with correction for sampling bias were employed in the analysis. The sample-weighted average effect size derived from these studies was d+ = .45 (95% CI .30 to .60) for intention, yet d+ = .15 (95% CI .06 to .23) for behavior. These results demonstrate a weak relationship between intention and behavior that may be below meaningful/practical value. We suggest that prior evidence was probably biased by the limits of correlation coefficients in passive designs. It is recommended that contemporary research apply models featuring intention-behavior mediators or action control variables in order to account for this intention-behavior gap.

Selected Personality Traits and Intent to Leave: A Field Study in Insurance Corporations

This study attempted to examine the effect of two selected personality traits on intent to leave. A theoretical framework was proposed to suggest link among the two variables and a questionnaire was distributed to collect data from employees in insurance corporations in Jordan. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 331 valid responses were received, resulting in a 66.2% response rate. The results revealed that both conscientiousness and extraversion were negatively related to intent to leave. As for the results of the demographic factors, the study showed that there were significant differences in intent to leave based on gender and age, while there were no significant differences due to marital status. Finally, this study suggested that management should adopt appropriate strategies and enhance human resource practices that lead to positive personality traits which lead to increased retention of employees.

Combined effects of perception of politics and political skill on employee job outcomes

This cross sectional field survey was aimed at exploring the direct and combined effects of political skill and politics perception on employee job outcomes such as job stress, affective commitment, intention to quit and contextual performance. Using a sample of 300 managerial employees from public and private sector organizations of Pakistan, results revealed significant differences in intention to quit and contextual performance for combined effects of political skill and perception of organizational politics. Managerial implications and future research directions are given at the end. Key words: Perception of organizational politics, job stress, affective commitment, intention to quit, contextual performance, Pakistan.

Factors Influencing Intention of Migration by Hospital Nurses in Korea

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing intention of migration by Korean hospital nurses. Methods: Using cross sectional correlational design, data were collected from 512 nurses working in 7 hospitals ranging in size from 300 to 900 beds in D city and K province of Korea. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple hierarchical regression using the SPSS program. Results: There were significant differen ces in intention of migration by age, educational background, marital status, work experience, and yearly incomes. Although there was high intention of migration of the subjects, the level of preparation for migration was relatively low. The variables that were independently associated with intention of migration were graduates of RN-BSN program, personal factors of subjects, and environmental factors. Those who had lower perception on nursing images and work condition had significantly higher intention o f migration than those who had higher perception. Full model accounted for 37.3% of the variance in intention of migration. Conclusion: To prevent brain drain of competent nurses in Korea, appropriate strategies to enhance work condition should be developed and the effect of migration of nurses should be investigated in further studies.

Factors affecting intention to breastfeed among Syrian and Jordanian mothers: a comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundBreastfeeding is considered the ideal method of infant feeding for at least the first six months of life. This study aimed to compare breastfeeding intention between Syrian and Jordanian women and determine factors associated with breastfeeding intention among pregnant women in these two countries.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to collect data from1200 pregnant women aged 18 years and above (600 participants from each country). A self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and breastfeeding intention.ResultsIntention to breastfeed was reported by 77.2% of Syrian and 76.2% of Jordanian pregnant women. There was no significant difference in intention to breastfeed between Syrian women and Jordanian women. In both countries, women with a more positive attitude to breastfeeding, women with previous breastfeeding experience and women with supportive partners were more likely to intend to breastfeed. Syrian women with a monthly family income of more than US$200, younger than 25 and primiparous or having one child were more likely to report an intention to breastfeed their infants. Jordanian women with an education level of less than high school and not living with their family-in-law were more likely to intend to breastfeed.ConclusionsIn Syria and Jordan, a more positive attitude to breastfeeding, previous breastfeeding experience and presence of supportive husbands are associated with intention to breastfeed. These factors should be considered when planning programs designed to promote breastfeeding in these two countries.

Cross‐Cultural Differences in the Perceived Morality of Accounting Manipulations: The Effect of Acculturation

In a world of increasingly global commerce, individual managers frequently migrate permanently to a new place of work. Over time, they acculturate—they learn and acquire the values of their host culture. The differences between national cultures' norms concerning the morality of questionable (by North American norms) accounting practices, and the ways in which individuals' beliefs about the morality of such action change as they settle into a new culture, are not well understood. This paper presents an exploratory study of the acculturation process with respect to accounting ethics of Chinese managers moving to Canada for an extended period of time. We test for two effects: first, for differences in ethical perceptions and intentions between members of the two cultures resident in their country of birth, and second, the effect of a significant acculturation effect on the Chinese group resulting from their living in Canada and studying in a North American MBA program for approximately one year. We find two acculturation effects. First, Chinese managers perceived a questionable cost accounting allocation to be more ethical than the Chinese in Canada. Although there was no significant difference in an overall measure of morality, investigation of this effect among various moral schema identified some perceptions of utilitarianism, moral Tightness and self‐interest to be significantly different among those Chinese who had spent one year in Canada compared to those in China, and closer to the beliefs of the Canadian‐born managers. We also found an acculturation effect relating to intention to take a questionable action. While there was no significant difference in intention between the Canadian‐born and Chinese in China, the newly‐arrived Chinese in Canada were significantly more willing to take the questionable action. This result was robust to controls for social desirability bias, gender and work experience. We conclude that reasoning processes differ between Chinese and Canadian managers, and are affected by an intense one‐year acculturation process (the first year of a North American MBA program). However, the acculturation process of the Chinese in Canada appeared to result in their greater willingness to undertake a questionable cost allocation than either their Canadian‐born or Chinese in China colleagues.

Bystander attitudes toward victims of violence: who's worth helping?

Most studies examining bystanders' reactions to a violent attack have used an experimental or hypothetical situation involving a single victim. This study compares the intention to intervene on behalf of three hypothetical victims: a woman, a child, and a dog. Using a sample of over 700 college students, we found that there was not a significant difference in intention to intervene by type of victim. However, there was a significant interaction between the sex of the bystander and the type of victim, such that women are most likely to intervene on behalf of children, while men are most likely to intervene to aid a woman. We found that people who perceived themselves to be stronger, more aggressive, and more sympathetic than others are most likely to intend to intervene.