Significant Differences In Heart Rate Research Articles

Evaluation of Two Doses of Intrathecal Clonidine on Analgesia and Haemodynamic Profile in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Bladder SurgeriesA Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Endoscopic bladder surgeries like Transurethral Resection Of Prostrate (TURP) and Transurethral Resection Of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) are performed preferably under spinal anaesthesia, using local anaesthetic like bupivacaine along with an adjuvant. Of these adjuvants used, clonidine is gaining popularity because of its safety and various advantages associated with its use. However its effect on haemodynamics, effect on block characteristics and analgesia in elderly patients has not been studied extensively. Aim: To evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of clonidine 30 µg and 50 µg, in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic bladder surgeries. Materials and Methods: It was a double blinded randomized control trial, conducted in Department of Anaesthesia, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India, from September 2008 to October 2011. Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) grade I and II patients, of age 50-80 years, undergoing endoscopic bladder surgeries, were randomly allocated into three groups of 20 each. Group C received 12.5 mg of 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine (2.5 mL) without clonidine, while group A and group B received 30 µg and 50 µg, respectively of clonidine. Intraoperative non invasive and invasive haemodynamic monitoring was done. The duration of analgesia (the time from the intrathecal injection to Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score greater than 0 and Bromage Scale 3), quality of anaesthesia and haemodynamic were compared between the three groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used for analysing the collected data. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test was applied as post hoc test whenever applicable. Results: The mean duration of complete analgesia was 3.32±1.80 hours in group A, 6.30±1.45 hours in group B, and 2.22±0.92 hours in group C. The duration of complete analgesia was significantly longer in group A and B, when compared to group C. The mean duration of effective analgesia was 6.05±0.88 hours in group A, 8.65±1.75 hours in group B, and 4.68±1.77 hours in group C. The duration of effective analgesia was significantly longer in group A and B, as compared to group C. Following intrathecal injection, there was no significant difference in heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance in between groups. There were no significant side effects in any of the groups. Conclusion: Intrathecal clonidine in a dose of 30 µg and 50 µg provides faster onset, better quality and prolonged duration of block with stable haemodynamic and minimal side effects in patients undergoing endoscopic bladder surgeries.

Influence of intraoperative lignocaine infusion on analgesia, stress response, and recovery profile in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized control study

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomies are performed as daycare procedures. Postoperative pain associated with it may need multimodal opioid-free approaches to fast track the recovery. Intraoperative intravenous lignocaine infusion was employed in this study to observe it effect on analgesia, hemodynamic stress response, and recovery profile in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies.METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: This was a randomized placebo-controlled study with enrollment of 64 participants. The “L” group received preservative-free intravenous lignocaine 2% at 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 1.5 mg/kg/h till skin closure. The “C” group received equal amounts of normal saline. No significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups with time to first analgesic, total analgesic consumption, and visual analog scale scores. No significant difference was seen with sedation, time to achieve modified Aldrete score, and time to return of bowel activity. Only significant difference in heart rate was observed in lignocaine group after intubation with no effects on mean arterial pressure.CONCLUSION: Lignocaine infusion did not prove any added benefits in terms of postoperative analgesia, opioid requirements, and functional recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hemodynamic stress response were better maintained in lignocaine group. Bolus dose of lignocaine may prove beneficial and equipotent as fentanyl.

Application of topical betaxolol for curing superficial infantile hemangioma: A pilot study.

Beta-blockers have gradually become an attractive option for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Topical application is more preferred over oral administration since their potential systemic adverse effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of betaxolol in treating superficial infantile hemangioma. 74 infants admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2018 to 2019 were observed and recorded. The changeable indicators such as color, size, tension and thickness were monthly recorded and evaluated according to visual analog scales. Multi-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test were performed to compare the clinical effectiveness across different groups. After six months of treatment, 33.78% (25/74) got excellent results, 55.41% (41/74) had good response, 8.11% (6/74) had moderate response and 2.70% (2/74) had poor response respectively. Neither local discomforts nor systemic complications had been found. There was no significant difference in gender and location of occurrence among groups (P > 0.05), while the effect of topical application of betaxolol was optimum in the children aged 0-3 months (P = 0.002). None of three age groups had statistically significant discrepancy of heart rate and blood pressure after accepting treatment (one month, P = 0.618; four months, P = 0.138; six months, P = 0.757). Our study showed that topical administration of betaxolol was effective and well-tolerated for superficial infantile hemangiomas, particularly in the early proliferative stage. However, its safety and efficacy need continuous studies to be confirmed.

Closure of defects in a geometric figure pattern associated with tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Abstract The use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine can provide better intra- and postoperative analgesia that would benefit extensive reconstructive surgery. However, lidocaine can interfere with the healing process. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the local interference of the healing of induced and closed skin defects in a geometric pattern associated with the use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine in rabbits. Furthermore, we assessed its influence on cardiorespiratory parameters and postoperative analgesia. This study included 27 rabbits divided into three groups: GC (without the use of tumescence), GS (use of tumescence with 0.9% NaCl solution), and GL (use of tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine). There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in any stage of the wound healing process on macroscopic evaluations, in the angiogenesis process, or in the process of collagenization and fibroblast deposition. There were significant differences in heart rate (lower in GL), respiratory rate (higher in GC), mean arterial pressure (higher in GL), and expired concentration of isoflurane (lower in GL). There was no significant intergroup difference in the von Frey filament test or the visual analog scale score used to evaluate postoperative analgesia. We concluded that tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine does not impair postoperative tissue repair. Its use features benefits such as reducing the volume of inhaled anesthetic, maintaining the anesthesia plan, stable heart and respiratory rates, and lower hypotension during the surgical procedure.

Effect of Ticagrelor Combined with Acupuncture on Myocardial Infarction and its Effect on Levels of Serum Myocardial Enzymes, Cytokines and T Lymphocytes

To investigate the effect of ticagrelor combined with acupuncture on myocardial infarction and its effect on levels of serum myocardial enzymes, cytokines and T lymphocytes. 90 patients with myocardial infarction were equally divided into observation and control groups. The observation group was treated with ticagrelor combined with acupuncture, while the control group was treated with ticagrelor only. Hemodynamic indexes, left ventricular parameters, serum myocardial enzyme levels, cytokine levels and T lymphocyte levels were analyzed. The incidence of cardiovascular events 1 mo and 3 mo after treatment was investigated. There were no significant differences in heart rate, left ventricular end systolic diameter, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, intermittent septum thickness and posterior wall of left ventricle between two groups (p>0.05), while systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure in the observation group decreased and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased (p<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, interleukin-21 and interleukin-23 of observation group were significantly lower than control group, while transforming growth factor beta and T lymphocyte levels were significantly higher (p<0.05). The incidences of cardiovascular events in observation group were 2.22 % and 4.44 %, 1 mo and 3 mo after treatment, while it was 4.44 % and 8.89 %, respectively, in control group (p<0.05).

Perioperative Outcomes in COVID-19 Obstetric Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adds more challenges to the perioperative management of parturients. The aim of this study is to examine perioperative adverse events and hemodynamic stability among COVID-19 positive parturients undergoing spinal anesthesia. This prospective observational investigation was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Jordan between January and June 2021, during which 31 COVID-19 positive parturients were identified. Each COVID-19 positive parturient was matched with a COVID-19 negative parturient who received anesthesia under similar operating conditions as a control group. Of the 31 COVID-19 patients, 22 (71%) were otherwise medically free, 8 (25.8%) were emergency cesarean sections. The sensory level of spinal block after 10 min was T8 (T6–T10) among COVID-19 positive group, compared to T4 (T4–T6) among control group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in heart rate, SBP, DBP, and MAP intraoperatively (p > 0.05). Twelve (36.4%) neonates born to COVID-19 positive patients were admitted to NICU, compared to four (11.8%) among control group (p = 0.018). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications. In conclusion, spinal anesthesia is considered a safe anesthetic technique in COVID-19 parturients, and therefore it is the anesthetic method of choice for cesarean deliveries among COVID-19 patients.

Shumian capsule improves symptoms of sleep mood disorder in convalescent patients of Corona Virus Disease 2019.

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Shumian capsule in improving the symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of convalescent patients of COVID-19. Totally 200 patients were collected and randomly divided into experiment group (n = 100) and control group (n = 100). The control group was treated with Shumian capsule simulator, and the experiment group was treated with Shumian capsule. The improvement of TCM symptom score, the total effective rate and symptom disappearance rate of TCM symptoms in the two groups before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical effect was evaluated. One week after treatment, the scores of anxiety symptoms in the experiment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the scores of insomnia and depression between the experiment group and the control group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate and disappearance rate of TCM symptoms of insomnia, anxiety and depression between the experiment group and the control group (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, the scores of insomnia, anxiety, depression and the total effective rate of TCM symptoms in the experiment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the disappearance rate of insomnia, anxiety and depression between the experiment group and the control group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in heart rate, respiration, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the experiment group and the control group (P > 0.05). Shumian capsule can significantly improve the symptoms of insomnia, anxiety and depression in COVID-19's convalescent patients with sleep and mood disorders.

Comparison between the analgesic effectiveness and patients\u2019 preference for virtual reality vs. topical anesthesia gel during the administration of local anesthesia in adult dental patients: a randomized clinical study

This study aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of virtual reality vs. topical anesthesia gel during the administration of local anesthesia (injections to numb the gums) in adult dental patients; as well as to determine which approach is preferred by the patients. Twenty-one adult patients received dental anesthetic injections bilaterally for their maxillary premolars area. We predicted that VR would be more effective than a topical anesthetic gel at reducing pain during injections into the gums. Using a within subject design, each patient received two injections during a single dental visit. Pain was measured after each injection. One side was of the mouth was injected under the influence of the topical anesthesia (TA) 20% benzocaine. The other side of the mouth was injected when the patient was in virtual reality (VR) watching an animated movie using an Oculus Quest® helmet to distract them during the other injection, treatment order randomized. Immediately after each injection, the patients were directed to rate their pain experience using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain-rating Scale (W-BFPS), and to choose which delivery system they preferred. Heart rates were recorded prior to and after the injections using a finger pulse oximeter. Participants reported the predicted pattern of a lower W-PFPS score (less pain intensity) during needle injection while in VR than the injection with topical anesthesia gel, however, the difference was not statistically significant. A statistically significant majority of the participants (p = 0.021) preferred VR to TA. No statistically significant difference heart rate during VR vs. TA was found. Although dental patients reported less pain during VR distraction vs. topical gel anesthetic, the difference was not significant. A statistically significant majority of patients preferred virtual reality over topical anesthesia during their future injections. However, no significant difference in heart rate was found.

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK OR QUADRATUS LUMBORUM BLOCK FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA AFTER TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMIES: THE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background. Techniques of myofascial blockades are widely used after gynecological surgeries. The aim of study was to compare TAP block and QL block for postoperative analgesia of total abdominal hysterectomies. Materials and methods. We provided the retrospective single-center cohort study and included 51 patients 40-65 years old with complicated symptomatic uterus fibroids, who need total abdominal hysterectomy. Both groups underwent general anesthesia. In addition, in I group it was performed TAP block bilaterally via lateral access; in II group – QL block bilaterally via anterior (transmuscular) access. After surgery both groups` patients received multimodal analgesia with dexketoprofen, paracetamol, nefopam; in case of severe pain - nalbuphine. The stages of the study were 6 hours (h6), 12 hours (h12), 24 hours (h24), 48 hours (h48), 72 hours (h72) after surgery. We made the analysis pain level (with visual analogue scale - VAS), heart rate, mean arterial pressure, daily requirement of nalbuphine, duration of hospitalization. Results and discussion. It was found that the level of pain according to VAS in I group reached its maximum values on the stages h6 and h12 and was 4.8 [3,3; 5.8] points and 5.0 [3.9; 6.4] points, while in II group - 2.5 [2,3; 3.5] points and 2.1 [1.6; 4.1] points, respectively (p &lt;0.05). We found significant differences in heart rate between groups on h12 stage when it was 86 [82; 90] beats / min in I group, and 72 [63; 79] beats / min in II group (p = 0.05). The daily requirement of nalbuphine on h12 stage had the tendency (p = 0.07) to be lower in II group (20.9 ± 1.1 mg / day), compared with the I group I (31.4 ± 2.9 mg / day). The need for nalbuphine use on h24 stage was significantly lower (p &lt;0.05) in II group (5.8 ± 0.8 mg / day), compared with I group (22.5 ± 4.1 mg / day). The duration of hospitalization in I group was 7.8 ± 0.5 days, in II group - 6.2 ± 0.5 days (p&gt;0,05). Conclusion. The use of QL block, compared with TAP block, showed a pain severity decreasing in 2 times (p &lt;0.05), a tendency to reduce the need for nalbuphine use in 2.5 times (p&gt; 0.05), and a tendency to reduce the duration of hospitalization by 1.6 days (p&gt; 0.05).

Abstract 11430: Etripamil Nasal Spray Reduces Heart Rate in Patients with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Prior to Conversion to Sinus Rhythm

Introduction: Etripamil (E) is a rapidly and short acting, nasally administered calcium channel blocker being developed to terminate AV nodal-dependent PSVT. The NODE-301 first in class, multicenter study, evaluated self-administration of E nasal spray 70 mg outside a healthcare environment for acute termination of PSVT. This post-hoc analysis addresses the effect of E on heart rate (HR) during PSVT prior to conversion to sinus rhythm (SR). Methods: In NODE-301, 156 subjects experienced a vagal-maneuver refractory, symptomatic episode of confirmed PSVT, 107 subjects self-administered E and 49 placebo (P) (2:1 randomization) during PSVT. Each PSVT was documented by an ambulatory cardiac monitoring system that was placed on the chest after symptoms began. Baseline (average of four values before drug administration), and every minute of HR data were captured from baseline until one minute before the PSVT was converted to SR. Adequate HR data were available for 150 subjects, 102 on E and 48 on P. Six subjects were not included in this analysis, 4 converted before one minute (3 E and 1 P) and 2 E subjects experienced an early defect of recording. Results: Baseline mean (±SE) HR were 179 (±2.8) and 174 (±4.0) bpm for E and P respectively. Mean change in HR from baseline was greater in the E group than P group ( p &lt;0.0001). This decrease appeared within the first minute (-5 bpm ±0.9), 3 min (-10 bpm ±1.2), 10 min (-16 bpm ±2.1), 30 min (-14 bpm ±3.4) and 40 min (-13 bpm ±2.9) after E administration. The notable decrease in the E group was sustained through the 60minute observation period. A statistically significant difference in HR was reached between E and P notably at 3 ( p &lt;0.03), 10 ( p &lt;0.0001), 30 ( p &lt;0.0002), and 40 min ( p &lt;0.004). Conclusion: Etripamil significantly decreases the HR in PSVT prior to conversion to SR and is sustained over the 60 min observation. This finding may provide clinical benefits to patients for self-management of PSVT.

Sympathetic nerve activity changes following acute exposures to electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking in humans

Abstract Background/Introduction Tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking acutely increases blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, whereas there are scarce data on the impact of electronic cigarette (EC). Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the acute effects of TC, EC and sham smoking on blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nervous system in healthy subjects. Methods We studied 12 normotensive male habitual smokers (mean age 33 years) free of cardiovascular disease. The study design was randomized and placebo controlled with 3 experimental sessions (sham smoking, tobacco cigarette smoking, and e-cigarette smoking) in random order, each session on a separate day. Subjects smoked 2 tobacco cigarettes containing 1.1 mg nicotine or simulate smoking (sham smoking) with the 2 cigarettes separated by 5 minutes. Additionally, participants smoked e-cigarettes for a period of 5 and 30 minutes. In all occasions, sympathetic drive was assessed by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) (baroreflex-dependent) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) (baroreflex-independent) based on established methodology (microneurography). Results After the first and second TC smoking, there was significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by 6 and 8 mmHg, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001) and heart rate (by 8 and 12 beats/minute, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to baseline. Similarly, EC smoking at 5 and 30 minutes compared to baseline was accompanied by augmentation of MAP (by 6 and 10 mmHg, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001) and heart rate (by 5 and 9 beats/minute, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001). Sham smoking was accompanied by a reduction in MAP after the first and second cigarette compared to baseline (by 2 and 4 mmHg, respectively, p=0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in heart rate (p=NS). The first and second TC smoking was characterized by lower muscle MSNA (by 6 and 6 bursts/minute, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to baseline, whereas SSNA was increased (by 9 and 10 bursts/minute respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001). Additionally, EC smoking at 5 and 30 minutes caused a decrease in MSNA (by 8 and 8 bursts/minute, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.00) and an augmentation in SSNA (by 7 and 9 bursts per minute, respectively, overall p&amp;lt;0.001) compared to baseline. Sham smoking had no significant effect on MSNA and SSNA (p=NS for both). Conclusions Sympathetic, pressor and heart rate unfavorable responses to EC smoking are similar to those elicited by TC in healthy subjects. Our findings provide novel insights into the negative impact of EC on cardiovascular system and support opinions recommending great caution concerning EC use. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Comparative evaluation of haemodynamic parameters intra operatively during desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia

Background and Aim: Sevoflurane and Desflurane are the inhalation anaesthetic agents are the most frequently used drugs for giving general anaesthesia to the patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate desflurane and compare it with sevoflurane in terms of intraoperative haemodynamic stability and any other side effects noted in elective laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted over 60 ASA I-III patients posted for laparoscopic surgeries. Basal HR, SBP, DBP, Oxygen saturation were noted. Patients were pre-medicated and induced and were maintained on inhalation agents according to the group allocated. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded at 1, 5, 10 minutes after intubation and then every 15 minutes throughout the operative period. After extubation, patients were monitored and treated for complications such as hypo/ hypertension, tachy/bradycardia. Incidence of cough, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, laryngospasm, blood on device, lip and dental trauma were noted. Haemodynamic parameters and side effects were compared amongst both groups. Results: We observed no statistically significant difference in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure between the groups at any time interval (p>0.05). All the patients were observed for side effects and adverse effects during perioperative period. None of the patients in either group had side effects like hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, shivering, cough, sore throat. Conclusion: Desflurane and sevoflurane when compared as a maintainance agent during laparoscopic surgery were comparable with respect to intraoperative haemodynamics parameters and perioperative complications.

Can a low-cost exercise monitor provide useful heart rate monitoring for use in low-resource emergency departments?

ObjectiveOur objective was to study the clinical monitoring capabilities of a low-cost fitness wristband while measuring patient satisfaction with a mobility permitting device in the emergency department.MethodsPatients enrolled were on continuous three-lead telemetry monitoring in a high acuity zone of the emergency department. Patients were given a fitness band to wear while simultaneously monitored with standard three-lead monitor. A brief survey was conducted upon study end, and data was compared between wristband and three-lead telemetry. Median heart rate (HR) values were calculated, a Bland-Altman plot was generated, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for comparison of the formal telemetry and the inexpensive wristband.ResultsThirty-four patients with an average age of 61.5 years were enrolled. From June to October 2019, over 100 hours of data were collected. In comparison for comfort, participants scored 9.5 of 10, preferring wristband over telemetry. Using a correlation coefficient graph, we found a significant disparity of HR readings within a telemetry range of 40 to 140 beats/min. An R-value of 0.36 was detected. Using a Bland-Altman plot, we observed a significant difference in HR between the telemetry monitor and the wristband. The sensitivity and specificity of the wristband to detect bradycardia (HR <60 beats/min) were 76% and 86%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the wristband to detect tachycardia (HR >100 beats/min) were 92% and 51%, respectively.ConclusionInexpensive fitness bands cannot be a suitable tool for monitoring patient’s HR because of inaccuracy in detecting bradycardia or tachycardia.

THE EFFECT OF COCONUT WATER INGESTION ON INTERMITTENT RUNNING EXERCISE PERFORMANCE

This research investigated the effects of coconut (COC) water ingestion during exhaustive intermittent running exercise performance. On separated two trials, 12 recreational male athletes (age 20 ± 2 years, body mass 59.9 ± 5.9 kg, fat percentage 11.8 ± 5.4%) completed a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test-Level 1 (Yo-yo IRT-1), running to exhaustion in a randomised counterbalanced order. The subjects were given 4 mL. kg-1 of either COC or carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-e) solution to be ingested prior to exercise. The distance covered, level of exhaustion, heart rate (HR), blood glucose, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), perceived arousal scale (FAS), and gastrointestinal discomfort (GI) were recorded intermittently during each trial. The distance covered with COC did not differ significantly from those data with CHO-e (CHO: 1066.7 ± 449.4 m; CHO-e:1106.7 ± 554.9 m, p = 0.85). There were also no significant differences in HR, RPE and FAS GI comfort between the trials (all p &gt; 0.05) expect for GI (p&lt; 0.05). The blood glucose was increased at the exhaustion of exercise, although, no significant difference was observed between the trials (p &gt; 0.05). Ingesting COC provided no ergogenic benefits during intermittent running exercise compared to CHO-e. The result of the current study suggests that COC ingestion and CHO-e were incapable of reducing perceive exercise intensity during the trials.

Comparative Study of Using Vein Finder and Common Venipuncture Method in Anxiety and Psychological Indicators of 3-6-years Old in the Ward of Pediatric Internal

Introduction & Background: The current study aimed to compare the effect of vein finder device and conventional venipuncture technique on anxiety and physiological indices of children with 3-6 years old in pediatric medical care. Methods and Materials: This is a randomized clinical trial which was conducted on 62 children between 3-6 Years old who were eligible according to the study inclusion criteria. This study was patients hospitalized in pediatric ward of Namazi hospital, Shiraz-IRAN, 2015. Vein finder device was applied in the intervention group while the control group receives the conventional venipuncture technique. Anxiety responses such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation were assessed at 5 minutes both before and after the intravenous catheter placement procedure in both groups. Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (YPAS) was used to measure children’s anxiety scale. The data were analyzed by using paired t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA test in SPSS software. Results: Both groups were measured after the intervention. Parametric physiologic results reveal a significant difference in heart rate (p<0.001) and respiratory rate (p: 0.002) for both groups. No significant difference was reported for blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation. Mean anxiety score was reported 13/77 ± 1/94 in the intervention group and 18± 2/44 in the control group after applying the intervention (p: 0.001). Conclusion: Study findings indicate a significant decrease of anxiety score for intervention group after the IV insertion. vein finder technology device was along with positive effects on anxiety reduction and physiologic indices balance for children between 3-6 years old, it can be applied as a proper method for IV catheterization in pediatric medical wards.

The effect of Bispectral index monitoring during induction of anesthesia on the amount of propofol consumtion in patients candidates for surgery

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Bispectral index (BIS) during induction of anesthesia on the amount of propofol consumed in patient candidates for surgery. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia in a hospital. Patients were divided into case and control groups. After being transferred to the operating room, patients were monitored including ECG 3 or 5 leads, non-invasive barometer, and pulse oximetry. Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after induction, immediately, and 5 minutes after intubation. The dose of propofol was then measured. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 20. Results: In the present study, no significant difference was found between the mean age and gender (P&gt; 0.05). The amount of propofol consumed in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.039) and the amount of propofol consumed in men and women was not statistically significant (P &lt;0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure before induction was not statistically significant between the two groups (P = 0.83). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the mean arterial blood pressure of the patients during the 4-time points (P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate between patients before induction (P = 0.48). Statistical analysis of data by ANOVA test did not show a significant interaction between time and group (P = 0.418 and P = 0.74). However, a statistically significant difference was found in patients' heart rate during the 4-time points (F = 7.59 and P = 0.001). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in heart rate after intubation in both groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The use of BIS can be effective in reducing the amount of propofol consumed and its side effects. The condition of patients under general anesthesia can be improved by BIS, resulting in the improvement of their subsequent condition.

Effect of watching autonomous sensory meridian response (AMR) video to heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate in students of Architectural Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Introduction: Vital signs are important physiological signs of the body. Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is an experience of calm and tingles, a tingling sensation like electricity radiating from the head and neck, which affects the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to determine heart rate changes, blood pressure, and respiratory rate before and after watching the ASMR video.Methods: Double-blind pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All samples were asked to rest for 30 minutes before treatment and then watch the ASMR video for 3 minutes. Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate data were calculated before and after treatment. The data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test.Results: Vital sign data of all samples before treatment were obtained within normal limits. After watching the ASMR video, the results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed that there were significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.013), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.00) after watching the ASMR video. While the p-value on the respiratory rate data is 0.349 which means there is no significant difference in the respiratory rate after watching the ASMR video.Conclusion: In this study, evidence has been obtained that watching ASMR videos can reduce heart rate and blood pressure. However, the respiratory rate did not give significant results because several factors. More research is needed to determine the exact effects of watching ASMR videos.

Comparison of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation with two different videolaryngoscopes: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundEndotracheal intubation (ETI), which is the gold standard in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), may cause myocardial ischaemia by disturbing the balance between haemodynamic changes and oxygen supply and consumption of the myocardium as a result of sympathetic stimulation. In this study, we aimed to compare two different videolaryngoscopes (C-MAC and Airtraq) in the hemodynamic response to ETI. MethodsFifty ASA II...III CABG surgery patients were randomly assigned to C-MAC or Airtraq. The hemodynamic data included arterial blood pressure [systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP)] and heart rate (HR) and were recorded at six different points in time: before laryngoscopy-T1, during laryngoscopy-T2, immediately after intubation-T3, and 3 (T4), 5 (T5) and 10 (T6) minutes after intubation. Intraoperative complications were recorded. Patients were questioned about postoperative complications 2 and 24...hours following extubation. ResultsThe hemodynamic response to ETI was significantly greater with C-MAC. The increase in HR started with the laryngoscopy procedure, whereas increases in SAP, DAP, and MAP started immediately after ETI (p...=...0.024; p...=...0.012; p...=...0.030; p...=...0.009, respectively). In group analyses, T1...T2, T2...T3 and T1...T3 comparisons did not show any significant differences in HR with Airtraq. However, with C-MAC, HR after intubation increased significantly compared to the pre-laryngoscopy values (T1...T3) (p...=...0.004). The duration of laryngoscopy was significantly reduced with C-MAC (p...<...0.001), but the duration of intubation and total intubation were similar (p...=...0.36; p...=...0.79). ConclusionsCompared to C-MAC, the hemodynamic response to ETI was less with Airtraq. Thus, Airtraq may be preferred in CABG patients for ETI.

A Comparison Of High-intensity Interval Running And Tabata On Post-exercise Metabolism: A Pilot Analysis

PURPOSE: Compare the metabolic rate following: 1) no exercise (rest), 2) completion of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and 3) completion of Tabata. METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 7; 6F, 1 M; age = 22.2 ± 2.1 yrs; body mass = 64.2 ± 12.0 kg; body fat% = 26.2 ± 3.1) performed each of the 3 bouts on separate days with at least 7 days in between each bout. Rest consisted of sitting for 25 minutes. Tabata was performed for 25 minutes and involved performing repeated cycles of body calisthenics at maximal effort for 20 seconds followed with 10 seconds of rest. HIIR was performed for 25 minutes with repeated cycles of running for 20 seconds followed with 10 seconds of rest. Both Tabata and HIIR were set up to be performed at the same heart rate (HR). Ten minutes following the completion of each bout, the participants’ metabolic rate (MR) was assessed in 10-minute intervals over the next hour. The MR assessment included the participants’ average VO2 (l/min), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat oxidation (total grams), and total energy expenditure (TEE). Significant differences (p < .05) between the bouts were determined using a one-way, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: Average HR (bpm) during Tabata (174.9 ± 5.2) was significantly higher (p = .027, ES = 1.2) compared to HIIR (166.4 ± 9.3). Average VO2 was unchanged between bouts (p = .62). TEE was unchanged between bouts (p = .28). RER was significantly lower following both HIIR (.75 ± .04, p = .002, ES = -1.8) and Tabata (.71 ± .02, p = .001, ES = -2.5) compared to rest (.83 ± .05) and there was no significant difference between exercises (p = .084). Fat oxidation was significantly higher following both HIIR (5.7 ± 1.5, p = .001; ES = 1.4) and Tabata (6.9 ± 1.4, p = .0004; ES = 2.2) compared to rest (3.7 ± 1.5) and Tabata was significantly higher than HIIR (p = .035, ES = .83). CONCLUSION: Despite the significant differences in heart rate between HIIR and Tabata both exercise bouts elicited similar changes in post-exercise metabolism when compared to rest. Both HIIR and Tabata might be lifestyle practices that promote healthy weight management; however, the small sample size and short metabolic assessment period limits the application of our results. A larger sample size and an expanded assessment period could better clarify the effectiveness of these exercises.

Freely chosen cadence during ergometer cycling is dependent on pedalling history.

History dependence can refer to the fact that parts of the human physiology (e.g., one or a group of muscles, or the nervous system) as well as functional aspects of the human (e.g., motor behaviour, or performance) depend on prior muscle activation. In the present study, it was investigated whether initial cycling at relatively low and high preset target cadences affected a subsequent freely chosen cadence at the end of the same bout of submaximal ergometer cycling. Twenty-two participants performed a single test session, which consisted of separate bouts of submaximal ergometer cycling. In one bout, cycling at 50rpm was followed by cycling at freely chosen cadence. In another bout, cycling at 90rpm was followed by cycling at freely chosen cadence. In yet another bout (denoted reference), the cadence was freely chosen throughout. Behavioural (cadence), biomechanical (tangential pedal force), and physiological (heart rate) responses were measured. Increased cadence resulted in decreased maximal tangential pedal force in accordance with existing knowledge. Initial cycling at 50 and 90rpm caused freely chosen cadence to be about 5% lower and higher, respectively, than the freely chosen cadence (72.4 ± 2.4rpm) at the end of the reference bout. These differences in cadence were not accompanied by statistically significant differences in heart rate. The freely chosen cadence depended on the preset cadence applied at the beginning of the bout. This was denoted a phenomenon of motor behavioural history dependence.