Significant Antibacterial Effect Research Articles

The antimicrobial effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri as probiotic on oral bacteria: A scoping review

Dysbiosis among oral microbial community in the oral cavity can lead to several oral diseases. Probiotic therapy is known to correct these imbalances. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is one of the most studied strains of probiotics and can control oral microbiota through reuterin, a wide-spectrum antimicrobial agent. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial activity of Limosilactobacillus reuteri on the oral bacteria of humans. This review used PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases as bibliographic resources. Studies with matching keywords were analyzed and screened with PRISMA-ScR recommendations. Sixteen articles were selected for this review, which included a total of 832 patients. Based on this review, Limosilactobacillus reuteri has a strong antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans in healthy individuals but is not effective against Lactobacillus. Additionally, it has a significant antibacterial effect against Porphiromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis, although its effectiveness is not stable in patients with peri-implant infections. Furthermore, Limosilactobacillus reuterihas varying results against other bacteria, indicating the need for further extensive research to ensure its efficacy.

Efficacy of vancomycin-loaded Mg-hydroxyapatite scaffolds in chronic osteomyelitis

In this study, we develop a novel magnesium (Mg)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold loaded with vancomycin (VAN) to provide long-lasting antibacterial activity for bone defect repair in chronic osteomyelitis (CO) in children. Firstly, the VAN-Mg/HA nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, the VAN-Mg/HA nanoparticles extended the half-life of VAN by nearly 5-fold. Moreover, our results revealed that the VAN-Mg/HA nanoparticles exhibited a significant antibacterial effect, which was further enhanced with an increase in the concentration of Mg/HA nanoparticles. We also found that the VAN-Mg/HA nanoparticles enhanced the viability and migration of BMSCs, indicating good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Furthermore, the VAN-Mg/HA nanoparticles demonstrated higher expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, such as alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, and osteocalcin, showing good osteogenic properties. In conclusion, the VAN-Mg/HA scaffolds show great potential for antibiosis and bone regeneration in children with CO.

Enhancing the Antibacterial Effect of Erythrosine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy with Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid

This study evaluated the additive impact of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) biofilm by measuring colony-forming units and applying confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fifty-six bovine incisors, free from dental caries or structural defects, were utilized in this study. Dentin specimens were created by cutting with a low-speed diamond disk under a continuous flow of water, resulting in dimensions of 6.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 2.0 mm. The specimens were categorized into 4 groups: Control, EDTA, PDT, and EDTA + PDT. <i>S. mutans</i> ATCC 25175 was employed to establish biofilm on the dentin specimens. A 17% EDTA solution was applied for 1 min. For PDT, erythrosine served as the photosensitizer. Finally, a light-emitting diode source (385 - 515 nm) was employed in this study. The PDT group exhibited a significantly lower bacterial count than both the control and EDTA groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The EDTA + PDT group demonstrated a significantly reduced bacterial count compared to the other 3 groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This study demonstrated that EDTA enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of PDT on S. mutans biofilm. Even at a low concentration of photosensitizer, the combination of EDTA and PDT yields a significant antibacterial effect.

Bacterial Strains Isolated from Stingless Bee Workers Inhibit the Growth of Apis mellifera Pathogens.

Apis mellifera bees are an important resource for the local economy of various regions in Argentina and the maintenance of natural ecosystems. In recent years, different alternatives have been investigated to avoid the reduction or loss of colonies caused by pathogens and parasites such as Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus flavus, and Paenibacillus larvae. We focused on bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of native stingless bees, to elucidate their antagonistic effect on diseases of A. mellifera colonies. For this purpose, worker bees of the species Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Plebeia spp., and Scaptotrigona jujuyensis were captured from the entrance to tree hives and transported to the laboratory, where their intestines were extracted. Twenty bacterial colonies were isolated from the intestines, and those capable of inhibiting enterobacteria in vitro and producing organic acids, proteases, and chitinases were selected. Four genera, Levilactobacillus, Acetobacter, Lactiplantibacillus, and Pantoea, were selected and identified by the molecular marker that codes for the 16S rRNA gene. For inhibition assays, cell suspensions and cell-free suspensions were performed. All treatments showed significant antibacterial effects, in comparison with the controls, against P. larvae and antifungal effects against A. apis and A. flavus. However, the mechanisms by which these bacteria inhibit the growth of these pathogens were not studied.

Multifaceted Applications of DNA-Capped Silver Nanoparticles in Photonics, Photocatalysis, Antibacterial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Bioimaging.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) capped silver nanoparticles are exceptional nanomaterials, featuring precise size and shape control enabled by DNA as a capping agent. DNA stabilizes these nanoparticles' role leading to uniform structures for diverse applications. These nanoparticles are excellent in photonics and medical applications, enhancing fluorescence and medical imaging. In this study, we explore the multifaceted applications of DNA-capped silver nanoparticles, delving into their optical, photocatalytic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and bioimaging properties. Employing UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we provide an analysis of confirmation of silver nanoparticles. The investigation demonstrates substantial photocatalytic efficacy, photodegradation of methylene blue is higher than rhodamine 6G. The presence of silver nanoparticles enhances the fluorescence of rhodamine 6G doped sol-gel glasses. Furthermore, our findings illustrate significant antibacterial effects, encompassing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with DNA-capped silver nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity assessments on HeLa cells reveal concentration-dependent effects, with an LC50 value of 47 µL. Additionally, thein vitro experiments with HeLa cells suggest the promising utility of DNA-capped silver nanoparticles for bioimaging applications. This comprehensive analysis highlights the multifunctionality and potential of DNA-capped silver nanoparticles, offering promising avenues for further exploration and innovation within various scientific domains, particularly in the realm of nanomaterial research.

Antibacterial Mechanisms and Antivirulence Activities of Oridonin against Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila AS 1.1801.

Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium widely found in freshwater environments, acts as a common conditional pathogen affecting humans, livestock, and aquatic animals. In this study, the impact of oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid compound derived from Rabdosia rubescens, on the virulence factors of A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 and its antibacterial mechanism was elucidated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oridonin against A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 was 100 μg/mL. Oridonin at inhibitory concentrations could significantly increase the electrical conductivity in the supernatant and escalate nucleic acid leakage (p < 0.01). This effect was concomitant with observed distortions in bacterial cells, the formation of cytoplasmic cavities, cellular damage, and pronounced inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Additionally, oridonin at inhibitory levels exhibited a noteworthy suppressive impact on A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 across biofilm formation, motility, hemolytic activity, lipase activity, and protease activity (p < 0.05), demonstrating a dose-dependent enhancement. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of luxR, qseB and omp were significantly downregulated after oridonin treatment in A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that oridonin possessed significant antibacterial and anti-virulence effects on A. hydrophila AS 1.1801.

Gelatin/O-carboxymethyl chitosan injectable self-healing hydrogels for ibuprofen and naproxen dual release

Recently, a significantly greater clinical benefit has been reported with a combination of glucosamine sulfate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) compared to either treatment alone for the growing osteoarthritis (OA) disease. So, this study introduces hydrogels using O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC, structurally akin glucosamine glycan), and Gelatin type A (GA) in a 1:2 ratio with β-glycerophosphate (βGPh) at varying percentages (5 %, 12.5 %, and 15 %). We show that hydrogel properties, adaptable for drug delivery or tissue engineering, can be fine-tuned based on OCMC:βGPh ratio. CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 exhibited a swelling rate of 189 %, compressive stress of 164 kPa, and compressive modulus of 3.4 kPa. The self-healing hydrogel also exhibited excellent injectability through a 21-gauge needle, requiring only 5 N of force. Ibuprofen and Naproxen release from CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 and CMC/GA/βGPh-15 of designed dimensions (bi-layer structures of different diameter and height) were measured, and drug release kinetics were estimated using mathematical equations (MATLAB and polyfit program).CMC/GA/βGPh-12.5 demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus, a high cell survival rate of 89 % against L929 fibroblasts, and strong cell adhesion, all indicating biocompatibility.These findings underscore potential of these hydrogels as promising candidates for treating inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Synthesis of Lawsonia inermis-encased silver–copper bimetallic nanoparticles with antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity

Abstract The extract of the medicinal plant Lawsonia inermis, known as henna, was employed to synthesize silver–copper bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag–Cu NPs) in a unique, efficient, and cost-effective method. The shape, size, and structural features of synthesized Ag–Cu NPs were determined by ultra–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. The rod-shaped Ag–Cu nanoparticles, averaging 41.66 ± 17.18 nm in size, synthesized from L. inermis, exhibited potent antioxidant activity by inhibiting 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals. They also displayed significant antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (27 mm), Bacillus cereus (26 mm), and Escherichia coli (24 mm). Additionally, these nanoparticles induced notable morphological changes in cancer cells and demonstrated promising cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 tumor cells (IC50 = 37.40 µg·mL−1). However, they exhibited biotoxicity in Artemia nauplii, resulting in mortality rates ranging from 3.0% to 32.5%. The LC50 and LC90 values recorded for a 48-h exposure were 1.51 mg·L−1 and 2.59 mg·L−1, respectively. These findings highlight the potential application of L. inermis-derived Ag–Cu NPs in pharmacology and bio-nanomedicine.

Electrodeposition of Zn and Cu Nanoparticles into TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti6Al4V: Antimicrobial Effect against S. Epidermidis and Cytotoxicity Assessment

Surface modification of the Ti6Al4V alloy (ASTM grade 5), with the fabrication of vertically oriented TiO2 nanotubes, has been receiving increasing attention both as a way to provide advanced bioactive features and the ability to act as reservoirs for a localized, controlled drug release. In this work, TiO2 nanotubes were grown on the surface of a Ti6Al4V alloy through electrochemical anodization. An ethylene glycol-based electrolyte containing 0.5 wt.% NH4F and 2.5% (v/v) H2O was used. Post-anodizing heat treatments at 500 °C in air atmosphere were performed to achieve a crystalline oxide layer with a higher mechanical stability. Following these treatments, Zn or Cu nanoparticles were incorporated into the nanotubular structures through electrodeposition processes. Then, the antimicrobial performance of the obtained surfaces was assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis, a Gram-positive bacterium common in implant-related infections. Lastly, the cytotoxicity of the produced surface was evaluated against MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblast cells. In general, Cu-doped TiO2 nanotubes presented an almost total antimicrobial action, while Zn doped samples had a lower, but still significant antibacterial effect. However, a highly cytotoxic effect against MC3T3-E1 cells was observed on all anodized samples due to the release of vanadium from the alloy. In spite of this, the surface modification reported in this work can be a valid solution for existing commercially available orthopedic implants, considering that similar solutions were already studied in in vivo assays.

Aqueous-phase dual-functional chiral perovskites for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection and antibacterial applications in Escherichia coli

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted extensive attention for their potential applications in biology. However, only a handful of PNCs have been scrutinized in the biological domain due to issues such as instability, poor dispersion, and size inhomogeneity in polar solvents. The development of dual-functional perovskite nanomaterials with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensing and antibacterial capabilities is particularly intriguing. In this study, we prepared chiral quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite nanomaterials, Bio(S-PEA)2CsPb2Br7 and Bio(R-PEA)2CsPb2Br7, that were uniformly dispersed in aqueous media. The effective encapsulation of methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2) improved water stability and uniformity of particle size. Circular dichroism (CD) signals were created by the successful insertion of chiral cations. These perovskites as probes showed a rapid and sensitive fluorescence quenching response to H2S, and the effect of imaging detection was observed at the Escherichia coli (E. coli) level. As antibacterial agents, their pronounced positive charge properties facilitated membrane lysis and subsequent E. coli death, indicating a significant antibacterial effect. This work has preliminary explored the application of chiral perovskites in biology and provides insight into the development of bifunctional perovskite nanomaterials for biological applications.

Application of chitosan films incorporated with Zanthoxylum limonella essential oil for extending shelf life of pork

This study aimed to produce chitosan films incorporated with Zanthoxylum limonella essential oil for extending shelf life. The volatile compounds of Z. limonella essential oil were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry consisting of limonene, α-phellandrene, ρ-cymene, and sabinene as major compounds. In this study, the addition of Z. limonella essential oil at concentrations of 0 %, 2 %, and 4 % in chitosan film was assessed for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan film incorporated with 4 % essential oil demonstrated the most significant antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus in comparison to the chitosan film without essential oil due to the synergistic effects on antibacterial activity. The physical and mechanical properties of the chitosan films incorporated with Z. limonella oil developed were also assessed. The addition of essential oil to chitosan films led to improvements in mechanical strength and flexibility, while minimal changes were observed in terms of water solubility, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability. The findings emphasize that this innovative film not only extends the shelf life of pork without chemical preservatives but is also a fully bio-based material. Consequently, it shows great potential to be used as active packaging within the food industry.

Elimination of detached Listeria monocytogenes from the biofilm on stainless steel surfaces during milk and cheese processing using natural plant extracts

Bacterial cells can form biofilm on food contact surfaces, becoming a source of food contamination with profound health implications. The current study aimed to determine some Egyptian medicinal plants antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against foodborne bacterial strains in milk plants. Results indicated that four ethanolic plant extracts, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), and Sage (Salvia officinalis), had antibacterial (12.0–26.5 mm of inhibition zone diameter) and antibiofilm (10–99%) activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. The tested extracts had minimum inhibitory concentration values between 0.14 and 2.50 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration values between 0.14 and 12.50 mg/ml. L. monocytogenes was more sensitive for all tested ethanolic extracts; Sage and Cinnamon showed a bacteriocidal effect, while Chamomile and Marigold were bacteriostatic. The ethanolic extracts mixture from Chamomile, Sage, and Cinnamon was chosen for its antibiofilm activity against L. monocytogenes using L-optimal mixture design. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis showed that this mixture contained 12 chemical compounds, where 2-Propenal,3-phenyl- had the maximum area % (34.82%). At concentrations up to 500 µg/ml, it had no cytotoxicity in the normal Vero cell line, and the IC50 value was 671.76 ± 9.03 µg/ml. Also, this mixture showed the most significant antibacterial effect against detached L. monocytogenes cells from formed biofilm in stainless steel milk tanks. At the same time, white soft cheese fortified with this mixture was significantly accepted overall for the panelist (92.2 ± 2.7) than other cheese samples, including the control group.

Transcriptomic analysis of cell envelope inhibition by prodigiosin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading threat to public health as it is resistant to most currently available antibiotics. Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite of microorganisms with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This study identified a significant antibacterial effect of prodigiosin against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration as low as 2.5 mg/L. The results of scanning electron microscopy, crystal violet staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that prodigiosin inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus USA300, while also destroying the structure of the cell wall and cell membrane, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. At a prodigiosin concentration of 1.25 mg/L, biofilm formation was inhibited by 76.24%, while 2.5 mg/L prodigiosin significantly reduced the vitality of MRSA cells in the biofilm. Furthermore, the transcriptomic results obtained at 1/8 MIC of prodigiosin indicated that 235and 387 genes of S. aureus USA300 were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively. The downregulated genes were related to two-component systems, including the transcriptional regulator LytS, quorum sensing histidine kinases SrrB, NreA and NreB, peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes (MurQ and GlmU), iron-sulfur cluster repair protein ScdA, microbial surface components recognizing adaptive matrix molecules, as well as the key arginine synthesis enzymes ArcC and ArgF. The upregulated genes were mainly related to cell wall biosynthesis, as well as two-component systems including vancomycin resistance-associated regulator, lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis related proteins DltD and DltB, as well as the 9 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis proteins. This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms through which prodigiosin affects the cell envelope of MRSA from the perspectives of cell wall synthesis, cell membrane and biofilm formation, providing new potential targets for the development of antimicrobials for the treatment of MRSA.

Genetic diversity of macrolides resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and the potential synergistic effect of vitamins, C and K3

BackgroundMacrolide antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the emergence of macrolide-resistant strains of S. aureus has become a major concern for public health. The molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in S. aureus are complex and diverse, involving both target site modification and efflux pump systems. In this study, we aim to overcome the molecular diversity of macrolide resistance mechanisms in S. aureus by identifying common molecular targets that could be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics.MethodsAbout 300 Staphylococcus aureus different isolates were recovered and purified from 921 clinical specimen including urine (88), blood (156), sputum (264), nasal swabs (168), pus (181) and bone (39) collected from different departments in Tanta University Hospital. Macrolide resistant isolates were detected and tested for Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after the D test and PCR reaction for erm(A), (B), (C), msr(A), and mph(C) genes. Finally, we tried different combinations of Erythromycin or Azithromycin antibiotics with either vitamin K3 or vitamin C.ResultsMacrolide resistance S. aureus isolates exhibited 7 major resistance patterns according to number of resistance markers and each pattern included sub patterns or subgroups. The PCR amplified products of different erm genes; analysis recorded different phenotypes of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates according to their different genotypes. In addition, our new tested combinations of Erythromycin and vitamin C, Erythromycin, and vitamin K3, Azithromycin and vitamin C and Azithromycin and vitamin K3 showed significant antibacterial effect when using every antibiotic alone. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrolide resistance in S. aureus and offer potential strategies for the development of novel protocols to overcome this emerging public health threat.

VesiX cetylpyridinium chloride is rapidly bactericidal and reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli bladder epithelial cell invasion in vitro.

When urinary tract infections (UTIs), which affect over 50% of women, become resistant to available antibiotic therapies dangerous complications like kidney infection and lethal sepsis can occur. New therapeutic paradigms are needed to expand our arsenal against these difficult to manage infections. Our study investigates VesiX, a Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based therapeutic, as a candidate broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for use in bladder instillation therapy for antibiotic-resistant UTI. CPC is a cationic surfactant that is FDA-approved for use in mouthwashes and is used as a food additive but has not been extensively evaluated as a UTI therapeutic. Our study is the first to investigate its rapid bactericidal kinetics against diverse uropathogenic bacterial species isolated from postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI and host cytotoxicity. We also report that together with the FDA-approved bladder-instillation agent gentamicin, VesiX was able to significantly reduce intracellular populations of uropathogenic bacteria in cultured bladder epithelial cells.

Study on the thawing characteristics of beef in plasma-activated water

Plasma-activated water (PAW) thawing and traditional water thawing were used to study the thawing characteristics and physicochemical properties of beef, and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and other technologies were used as detection methods. The activation times of plasma-activated water (PAW) were 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min, respectively. The results showed that, compared with traditional water thawing, the PAW thawing treatment could reduce the total number of bacteria in the meat by 0.5 log, and the medium itself had a more significant bactericidal effect of up to 1.7–2.6 log, and had no adverse effect on the color or pH of the beef. Moreover, PAW maintained the stability of beef fiber, improved the water-holding capacity, inhibited lipid oxidation, and reduced the loss of soluble substances such as proteins. Therefore, PAW thawing is a promising beef thawing technology that provides practical guidance and methods for the wider application of PAW in the field of beef thawing. Industrial relevanceThe thawing characteristics and physicochemical properties of beef by plasma-activated water (PAW) were investigated. It was found that PAW had a positive effect on decontamination bacteria, improving the water-holding capacity of beef, inhibiting lipid oxidation and maintaining the fiber structure of beef. The potential application of PAW in the thawing of frozen meat products was highlighted.

Synthesis of biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles from Anemopsis californica extract with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities

Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles, have gained attention for their unique properties and diverse applications, including medicine and antimicrobial agents. To meet the demand for eco-friendly synthesis methods, we explored plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis using Anemopsis californica extracts. The Anemopsis californica leaves were used to extract bioactive compounds with water, methanol, and isopropanol. These extracts served as reducing and stabilizing agents for Ag and Au nanoparticle synthesis. The process involved mixing the extract, a metallic precursor solution, and deionized water in specific volume ratios, resulting in nanoparticles denoted as W-(Ag or Au), M-(Ag or Au), and I-(Ag or Au) for water, methanol, and isopropanol, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles ranged from 5 to 30 nm in size and displayed various shapes. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed their presence with surface plasmon resonance bands. Antibacterial tests on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed significant antibacterial effects of Ag nanoparticles, especially those synthesized in methanol. In contrast, Au nanoparticles had limited antibacterial impact, regardless of the solvent. Cytotoxicity evaluations with macrophage cells indicated that Ag nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than Au nanoparticles, with the synthesis solvent influencing cytotoxicity. The observed antibacterial effects of Ag nanoparticles align with their reputation as potent antimicrobial agents, particularly against Gram-positive strains. The limited antibacterial impact of Au nanoparticles suggests differences in their antibacterial mechanisms. Varying cytotoxicity between Ag and Au nanoparticles underscores the significance of the chosen synthesis method in shaping nanoparticle properties.

Exploring the In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Yemidir Embuay (Cucumis focifolius) and Endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) of Different Extracts Against Some Bacteria Pathogens

Medicinal plants are one of the most indigenous resources in the world for the treatment of different diseases. Now a day most of infectious diseases are resistant to the antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of Cucumis focifolius and Phytolacca dodecandra against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Neisseria gonorrhea. Ethanol, Methanol, Chloroform and Water are used as solvents for the extraction of phytochemical compounds from Cucumis focifolius and Phytolacca dodecandra plants. The effective extraction of bioactive compounds was achieved using methanol, chloroform and water as solvents. According to this study there were bioactive compounds that extracted from selected plants which were potentially effective against Neisseria gonorrhea and some other pathogens. Both Cucumis focifolius and Phytolacca dodecandra some inhibition zone on S. auerus and k. pneumonia strains. Highly statistical significant antibacterial effect against N. gonorrhea (16.6±3.05) for ethanol root extract of Cucumis focifolius followed by methanol root extract with an inhibition zone of (15±2.64) were exhibited. The extract also shows (13.3±1.25mm, 14±1.05mm by chloroform and distilled water root extract respectively. Ethanol C. focifolius root shows lowest Minimum inhibitory concentration against Neisseria gonorrhea as compared to other extracts. Therefore, we recommend people to search for new antimicrobial agents for better treatment of Neisseria Gonorrhea, which is one of causative agent of sexual transmitted disease.

Construction of sandwich-structured V2CTx@PDA@Ag nanosheet composite for enhanced near-infrared photothermocatalytic sterilization performance

The long-term use of antibiotics leads to drug resistance, it is insufficient to combat stubborn pathogens. Therefore, it urgently needs a material that can quickly and effectively eradicate bacteria, especially for resistant bacteria and their biofilm structures that are difficult to eliminate with conventional antibiotics. This article adopts a new 2D layered V2CTx MXene material, which utilizes in-situ coating method to stimulate dopamine self polymerization and fix nano silver onto V2CTx nanosheets. V2CTx@PDA@Ag showed very significant antibacterial effect under 808 nm laser illumination for 30 min. After analyzing the sterilization mechanism, the photothermal synergistic sterilization of composite mainly relies on physical contact, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the photothermal synergistic effect. It is worth mentioning that after V2CTx is coated with PDA, the photothermal efficiency is improved, V2CTx and nano silver are also effectively connected. It proved that the composite has stable and efficient antibacterial properties.

Lonicera japonica protects Pelodiscus sinensis by inhibiting the biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aquaculture has suffered significant financial losses as a result of the infection of zoonotic Aeromonas hydrophila, which has a high level of resistance to classic antibiotics. In this study, we isolated an A. hydrophila strain B3 from diseased soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), which is one of the most commercially significant freshwater farmed reptiles in East Asia, and found that A. hydrophila was its dominant pathogen. To better understand the inhibition effect and action mechanism of Chinese herbs on A. hydrophila, we conducted Chinese herbs screening and found that Lonicera japonica had a significant antibacterial effect on A. hydrophila B3. Experimental therapeutics of L. japonica on soft-shelled turtle showed that the supplement of 1% L. japonica to diet could significantly upregulate the immunity-related gene expression of soft-shelled turtle and protect soft-shelled turtle against A. hydrophila infection. Histopathological section results validated the protective effect of L. japonica. As the major effective component of L. japonica, chlorogenic acid demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on the growth of A. hydrophila with MIC at 6.4 mg/mL. The in vitro assay suggested that chlorogenic acid could inhibit the hemolysin/protease production and biofilm formation of A. hydrophila and significantly decrease the expression of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and hemolysin-related genes in A. hydrophila. Our results showed that the Chinese herb L. japonica would be a promising candidate for the treatment of A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture, and it not only improves the immune response of aquatic animals but also inhibits the virulence factor (such as biofilm formation) expression of A. hydrophila. KEY POINTS: • A. hydrophila was the dominant pathogen of the diseased soft-shelled turtle. • L. japonica can protect soft-shelled turtle against A. hydrophila infection. • Chlorogenic acid inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of A. hydrophila.