Significant Antiulcer Activity Research Articles

Gastroprotective Effect of oenothein B: a Romising Macrocyclic Ellagitannin

A peptic ulcer disease is a significant gastrointestinal disorder with a high prevalence of 80% in developing countries and 40% in developed countries. Oenothein B, a macrocyclic ellagitannin, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ulcer activity of Oenothein B and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in its gastroprotective effects. The anti-ulcer activity of Oenothein B was assessed using various experimental models, including ulcers induced by indomethacin, HCl/ethanol, and pyloric ligation. Several parameters were evaluated, including the quantification of volume, pH, total gastric acidity secretion, as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. The role of prostaglandins in mediating the effects of Oenothein B was also examined. The results demonstrated that Oenothein B exhibited significant anti-ulcer activity when administered intraduodenally at a dose of 15 mg/kg in an acute protocol of induced ulcers. This treatment resulted in a reduction in volume and total gastric acidity secretion. Moreover, oral administration of Oenothein B was found to increase catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that Oenothein B exerts its anti-ulcer effects by reducing gastric acid secretion and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, the modulation of endogenous prostaglandin levels appears to play a role in mediating these effects. In conclusion, Oenothein B demonstrates promising anti-ulcer activity and may serve as a potential therapeutic option for the management of peptic ulcer disease. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of action and evaluate its efficacy and safety in clinical settings.

A Comprehensive Review of the Benzimidazole Scaffold as a Potential Nucleus for Anti-Ulcer Activity

Abstract: The benzimidazole scaffold is a promising nucleus for developing novel therapeutic agents for ulcer treatment. Its unique chemical structure provides desirable pharmacological properties, such as excellent bioavailability, metabolic stability, and low toxicity, making it an attractive candidate for ulcer treatment. Several benzimidazole derivatives have shown significant anti-ulcer activity in preclinical and clinical studies, acting through multiple pathways, including inhibition of gastric acid secretion, suppression of gastric inflammation, and promotion of mucosal protection. Some benzimidazole derivatives have also demonstrated anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, suggesting their potential for eradicating bacteria associated with ulcer formation. However, challenges such as poor solubility and limited selectivity remain. Various approaches, such as prodrug design and formulation optimization, have been explored to overcome these issues and improve the therapeutic profile of benzimidazole derivatives. Overall, the benzimidazole scaffold holds great promise as a nucleus for developing novel anti-ulcer agents. Further research and optimization efforts are needed to harness its full potential and translate it into effective treatments for ulcers. With continued advancements in medicinal chemistry and drug design, benzimidazole-based compounds may offer new therapeutic options for patients suffering from ulcers and related gastrointestinal disorders. Hence, this review highlights the knowledge about benzimidazole scaffold, the mechanism of ulcer formation, and various benzimidazole derivatives with anti-ulcer activity, which can be further studied in pre-clinical and clinical trials.

Comparative assessment of anti-ulcer effects: Hydro-ethanolic extract from air-dried ray and disc florets vs essential oil of traditional Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) in Swiss Albino rats

The Tagetes erecta Linn (family: Asteraceae) herb possesses medicinal and antioxidants value. The herb is traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to investigate antiulcer activity of T. erecta herb, experimental study was performed between ray and disc florets extracted with 30 parts of water and 70 parts of ethanol solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and leaf's essential oil extracted in Clevenger apparatus by steam distillation method. Two doses of the hydroethanolic extract (400 and 800 mg/kg, Per os) and single dose of essential oil (10 ml/Kg, Per os) were administered for five consecutive days. Rat's pyloric ligation and aspirin (200 mg/kg, Per os) were used to induce acute and chronic gastric ulcers respectively. Antiulcer activity of both the herb's parts was compared on gastric juice parameters (pH, free acidity, total acidity) ulcer-index and ulcer percent protection. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in statistical analysis. Elevation in pH, reduction in free acidity, total acidity and ulcer-index in both the ulcer models confirm that the test drug showed the ulcer-protective activity in rats. Dose-dependent effects were observed in the antiulcer activity of the hydroethanolic extract. However, the leaf's essential oil showed 94 % and 96.93 % ulcer protection in the pyloric ligation and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models respectively. The hydroethanolic extract and the essential oil may be capable in part, regulating gastric acid secretion pathways or stimulating the cytoprotective secretion of bicarbonate, mucus and prostaglandins. Histological studies supported the observed antiulcer activity of the herb. The essential oil has more potent and significant anti-ulcer activity than hydro-ethanolic extract and respective standard drugs: ranitidine (50 mg/kg, Per os) & pantoprazole (20 mg/kg, Per os). The herb exhibits antiulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of lead phytochemicals: Quercetin-3-methyl ether, quercetin-7-methyl-ether & kaempferol flavonoids in the extract and limonene & terpinolene in leaf's essential oil and, thus, confirmed the traditional uses of T. erecta in the treatment of ulcers. The herb may cure acid pepsin disorders.

Design of floating formulations and antiulcer activity of Desmostachya bipinnata

The study aims to design and optimize the floating formulations of the aqueous extract of Desmostachya bipinnata (ADB) to treat peptic ulcers. The trial concentrations of HPMC E50, HPMC K4M, and Carbopol 940 were used as factors, and floating lag time, total floating time, and % drug release at 12 h were used as responses. The formulation underwent evaluation for different parameters: aspirin-induced ulcers in rats assessed the antiulcer activity, and X-ray studies in rabbits evaluated the gastroretentive nature. The optimized formulation has shown a floating lag time of 32 s and floated in the gastric medium for more than 9 h with a maximum drug release of 93% at the end of 12 h by following the Korsmeyer-Peppas drug release mechanism. The optimized formulation has good flow properties. The FT-IR, DSC, and XRD studies show ADB and excipients didn't show any incompatibility. The formulation has shown significant antiulcer activity against aspirin-induced ulcers in rats, with an ulcer index of 3.38 ± 0.24 and inhibition of 76.67 ± 0.56%. The in vivo X-ray imaging proved the gastric retention of the formulations for more than 8 h. The results of the formulations demonstrate the floating ability and sustained drug release of the tablet responsible for treating peptic ulcers to show a localized effect in the gastric region and to maintain the ROS levels.Graphical

Apium extract alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats via modulating the VEGF and IK-κB/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway: insights from in silico and in vivo investigations

BackgroundGastric ulcers represent a worldwide health problem, characterized by erosions that affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and may even reach the muscular layer, leading to serious complications. Numerous natural products have been assessed as anti-ulcerogenic agents, and have been considered as new approaches for treatment or prevention of gastric ulcers. The present research investigated the preventive benefits of Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae), known as celery, seed extract towards indomethacin-induced ulceration of the stomach in rats.MethodsMetabolomic profiling, employing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI–MS), was implemented with the aim of investigating the chemical profile of the seeds. Histopathological analysis of gastric tissues, as well as assessment of numerous inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators, confirmed the in vivo evaluation.ResultsThe prior treatment with A. graveolens seed extract resulted in a substantial reduction in the ulcer index when compared to the indomethacin group, indicating an improvement in stomach mucosal injury. Moreover, the gastroprotective effect was demonstrated through examination of the oxidative stress biomarkers which was significantly attenuated upon pre-treatment with A. graveolens seed extract. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a fundamental angiogenic factor that stimulates angiogenesis, was markedly inhibited by indomethacin. A. graveolens seed extract restored this diminished level of VEGF. The dramatic reductions in NF-κB protein levels indicate a considerable attenuation of the indomethacin-induced IKκB/NF-κB p65 signaling cascade. These activities were also correlated to the tentatively featured secondary metabolites including, phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids, previously evidenced to exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to our network pharmacology study, the identified metabolites annotated 379 unique genes, among which only 17 genes were related to gastric ulcer. The PTGS2, MMP2 and PTGS1 were the top annotated genes related to gastric ulcer. The top biological pathway was the VEGF signaling pathway.ConclusionA. graveolens seed extract possesses significant anti-ulcer activity, similar to famotidine, against gastric lesions induced by indomethacin in rats. It is worth highlighting that the extract overcomes the negative effects of conventional chemical anti-secretory drugs because it does not lower stomach acidity.

Gastroprotective Activity of Aerial Leaves of Allium cepa

The present study was performed to evaluate the Antiulcer activity of Methanolic extract of Allium cepa leaves (MEAC) in Albino rats. Antiulcer activity of MEAC was investigated by using Ethanol induced gastric mucosal damage and Pylorous ligated gastric ulcers. Evaluation was done on both models comparing with reference standard Omeprazole (20mg/kg). The parameters taken to assess anti-ulcer for pylorus ligation method were volume gastric secretion, pH, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. In vivo studies were carried on the plant extract and results were found that protection of the Methanolic extract of Allium cepa leaves against characteristic lesions may be due to both reduction in gastric acid secretion and gastric cycloprotein and this may be due to the presence of Flavanoids. In this study we observed that, Methanolic extract of leaves of Allium cepa (MEAC) provides significant antiulcer activity against gastric ulcers in rats. The result of MEAC showed significant reduction in the ulcer index, when compared to control. The antiulcer activity extract may be attributed to their flavanoids content and antioxidant property. These findings indicate that MEAC display potential antiulcerogenic activity.

Evaluation of Gastro-Protective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Roots of Vernonia Cinerea Less

Background: Vernonia cinerea Less is a little shrub that belongs to the Asteraceae family and is found all throughout India. It grows to a height of 0.5 to 3 feet and has purple or pink flowers that bloom during the rainy season. Vernonia cinerea root has been reported to be useful against stomach acidity. Aim: To evaluate gastro-protective activity of ethanolic extract of roots of vernonia cinerea less. Method: The gastro-protective activity of ethanolic fraction of root of Vernonia cinerea less plant was tested by using screening technique of anti-ulcer activity. Results and Conclusion: Administration of ethanolic extract of Vernonia cinerea less shows significant Anti-ulcer activity in a dose dependent manner (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg), when compared to control which is evident by decrease inulcer index. When compared to the control, the ethanolic extract of Vernonia cinerea roots exhibits less substantial anti-ulcer action in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by a drop in ulcer index. The ulcer index of Vernonia cinerea roots ethanolic extract is 3.16 0.600 at 100 mg/kg and 1.91 0.396 at 200 mg/kg. In comparison, the standard (Lansoprozole) mean ulcer index is 1.83 0.459.This result suggests that ethanolic extract of root of Vernonia cinerea less plant possess gastro protective(anti-ulcer) activity..

Evaluation of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds for its Anti-ulcer activity on Albino Wistar Rat

The objective of present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds. Mainly hyper secretion of gastric acid and pepsin causes ulcer in patients. Plant extracts and polyherbal formulations are two of the most appealing sources of new drug. This type of extract formulations are showing good results in the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study anti-ulcer activity was investigated by pyloric ligation, aspirin and stress induced gastric ulcer in albino wistar rats. The extract was given at the dose of 250mg/kg (CCLD- Corchorus capsularis low dose) and 500mg/kg (CCHD- Corchorus capsularis high dose) in all the experimental models. Ranitidine (150mg/kg) was used as standard drug. CCLD and CCHD showed 37.49% and 63.14% ulcer inhibition respectively, whereas ranitidine 69.69% against pylorus ligation induced ulcer. In aspirin induced ulcer model the extract showed ulcer inhibition 48.64% and 64.00% in CCLD and CCHD respectively whereas the standard drug ranitidine exhibited 84.64% ulcer inhibition. In stress induced ulcer model CCLD, CCHD and ranitidine exhibited 48.64%, 64.00% and 84.64% ulcer inhibition respectively. In all the models ethanolic extract of Corchorus capsularis seeds has shown significant anti-ulcer activity in dose dependent manner.

Evaluation of Gastro-Protective Activity of Nigella Sativa Seeds Extract in Wistar Rat

Nigella sativa is commonly known as black seed traditionally used in various diseases. In this investigation to find out gastroprotective activity in rats. This paper reports on the investigation of the acute toxicity and gastroprotective effect of the Nigella sativa seed extract on Ibuprofen-induced ulcers. The extract did not show acute toxicity in mice treated with 2 g/kg p.o., but exhibited significant antiulcer activity in rats at doses of 300, and 400mg/kg p.o., with the reference drug omeprazole. The results provide evidence for the usage of Nigella sativa as angastroprotective agent, which has been based previously only on ethnopharmacological claims.

Anti-ulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia scholaris Bark: An in vivo and in silico Approach

Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer model. 
 Study Design: Fourty eight rats, randomly divided into eight groups, were used in this study. Bark of Alstonia scholaris were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an ethanolic extract.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Osmania University, Hyderabad between December 2020 and September 2021.
 Methodology: Ethanol related ulcer was induced using 1 mL/kg b.w, p.o. Treated rats received ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris at various doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Ulcer index, % ulcer protection were calculated and histological studies were conducted at 6 hr after pylorous ligation respectively.
 Results: Pharmacological estimations were done by means of 200 mg/kg, b.w. and 400 mg/kg, b.w. The total acidity and free acidity were decreased, pH was increased and ulcer index was decreased by Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in pylorus ligation model. Treatment with EEAS (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has significantly decreased the ulcer index by ethanol induced ulcer model. To appreciate the ligand-binding attraction of the dynamic ingredients of the excerpt, docking trainings were accomplished for natural compounds against protein data bank (PDB) ID: 5A5N, PDB ID: 6Q2T, PDB ID: 7MBX, PDB ID: 2FV5. The results revealed that vanillic acid, venoterpine, loganetin, dibutyl phthalate, guaia-3,9- diene, 3,6-Bis[2-methylphenyl]-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4- dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran- 2-one,7-acetyl-8-[acetyloxy]-4, n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, diospyrolide, D- Friedoolean-14-en-3-one, betulin, lupeol acetate, pentanoic acid and standard drug omeprazole had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a stronger receptor-ligand binding affinity.
 Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-ulcer activity.

Evaluation of the Anti-ulcer Effect of Extra Virgin Avocado (Persea americana) Oil in Rats

Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder of high mortality and morbidity. Therapy of this disease condition with conventional drugs presents therapeutic challenge due to incidents of unwanted side effects, and the high cost of these medications. The use of products from natural sources will provide useful alternatives due to their minimal side effects, being inexpensive, and readily available, especially in resource-challenged nations of the continent of Africa and other developing economies. Oils derived from plants are increasingly being used in management of several disease conditions. This study aims at evaluating the antiulcer activity of extra virgin avocado oil in rodents using ethanol-induced, and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. Test group was given extra virgin avocado oil (1ml per 250g weight) for 7 days before induction of ulcer. Positive controls received omeprazole 30 mg/kg, while negative control animals were given distilled water (10ml/kg) for 7 days respectively, before induction of ulcer. The stomachs were excised and their histopathological examinations carried out. Avocado oil significantly reduced the ulcer index in both models when compared to the negative control group, and histopathological findings corroborate that the oil ameliorates ulcerations in both models. The present study has demonstrated that extra virgin avocado oil possesses significant antiulcer activity.

AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS (L.) POIT: AN ANTI-ULCER AGENT

The aim of current experimental study was to determine anti-ulcer potential of Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (AEHS) on the Wister strain albino rats. The Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (in two different doses, 250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) was allowed for anti-ulcer activity against Pylorus ligation induced model in Wistar albino rats. Omeprazole (20mg/kg) was used as standard for the evaluation of activity. Parameters like Proportion of Ulcer protection was reckoned based on Ulcer index and Digestive juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice, Mucus production and Pepsin estimation, tensile strength. The AEHS with 500 mg/kg dose was shown significant anti-ulcer activity when compared with the control group.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase Inhibitor

Aims: To Synthesis the novel substituted benzimidazole derivatives and screened Pharmacologically as antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase inhibitor.
 Study Design: Study design as series of substituted benzimidazole derivatives prepared by three different reaction scheme and further evaluated pharmacologically in desired activity.
 Place and Duration of Study: In Patal Dhamal Wadwani College of Pharmacy Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India, between July 2014 to August 2017.
 Methodology: A series of new 2-[(substituted-pyrimidin-4-yl) sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (54a-54i) were synthesized by the condensation of O-phenylenediamine, KOH and CS2 resulting potassium 1-H-benzimidazole 2-thiolate further treated with glacial acetic acid gives 1H-benzimidazole 2- thiol (2-mercaptobenzimidazole). 4-Chloro 2 Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine- 4-ol prepared by ethanimidamide and alkyl acetoacetate gives 2-Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine-4-ol by chlorination using thionyl chloride 4-Chloro 2 Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine- 4-ol was obtained. further reacted with sodium oxide followed by m-chloroperbenzoic finally gives 2-[(substituted-pyrimidin-4-yl) sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole. Structural characterization of these synthesized compounds was confirmed by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and Mass spectral data. Later synthesized derivatives evaluated for their antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase inhibitory activity by aspirin induced method and assays of H+/K+-ATPase activity respectively.
 Results: Compound 54c (74.03%), 54f (72.87%) and 54i (75.15%) shows highly significant antiulcer activity compared to standard drug and compound 54c (88.88 %), 54d (91.03 %), 54f (86.48%) and 54g (84.21%) shows highly significant antisecretory activity when compare to standard drug.
 Conclusion: Our research work provokes further to work for development of different derivatives of 2-(pyrimidinyl-sulfinyl) benzimidazole which have lesser side effect and better action than few of marketed drugs.

A Study of Antiulcer Activity in Cynodon dactylon Leaves Extract on Albino Rats

Peptic ulcer is a chronic, non-malignant inflammatory disease characterized by ulceration in the upper gastro-intestinal tract (stomach and duodenum) where parietal cells are found. The aetiology of gastric ulceration is multifactorial and not clearly defined, but some predisposing factors have been implicated. This includes duration of starvation, nature of food ingested, bile reflux, lessened mucosal resistance, alteration of gastric mucosal blood flow, disruption of gastric mucosal barrier by stress, decrease in alkaline mucosal bicarbonate and mucus secretion, over dosage and or prolonged administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Among numerous species of plants growing in India, Durva or taxonomically the Cynodon dactylon occupies a key position in ethno medicinal practices and traditional medical knowledge systems (Ayurveda, Unani, Nepalese, and Chinese). Durva consists of dried whole plant of Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. (Family: Poaceae), an elegant, tenacious, perennial, creeping grass growing throughout the country. In our present study, the mature green leaves of Cynodon dactylon belongs to family Poaceae were collected from in and around area of Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, South India. The plant was identified with the help of Manual of Tamil Nadu and Karnatic flora with standard references. From this study, it is clear that C. dactylon leaf extract has significant anti-ulcer activity in animal models. The extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations. The anti-ulcer activity is probably due to the presence of flavonoids.

ANTIULCER AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF STEM BARK AND LEAF OF ANOGEISSUS PENDULA EDGEW

Anogeissus pendula Edgew has been reported to be used in gastric disorder even though no attempt has been made to evaluate the same. The present study was designed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extracts of stem bark and leaves for in vivo acute antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Antiulcer activity was studied by pylorus ligation induced ulcers while anti-inflammatory activities was studied by carrageenan induced paw edema. The extract of stem bark at 200 and 400 mg/kg b. w., significantly (P<0.05) reduced ulcer index whereas extracts of both stem bark and leaves significantly (P<0.001) reduced paw diameter at the fifth hour. The hydroalcholic extract of stem bark of A. pendula possesses more significant antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activity than the hydroalcholic extract of leaves may be due to the presence of higher amount of phenolic compounds.

Effect of Tamoxifen on Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Background: Tamoxifen is selective estrogen receptor modulators, used in treatment of breast cancer, some literatures reported its impact on the process of peroxidation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Method: Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar albino rats by oral administration of absolute alcohol (1 ml/200 g). Antiulcer activity of tamoxifen (0.5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was observed and compared to standard drug (omeprazole 20mg/kg, p.o.), the ulcer index, ulcers numbers, lengths, gastric volume and total gastric acidity were evaluated. Histopathology is performed for confirmation. Results: Tamoxifen in 10mg/kg dose produced a highly significant (P<0.001) decrease in ulcer parameters studied compared to ulcer control. While 0.5 mg/kg of tamoxifen produced a less significant (P<0.01) effect on gastric volume when compared to the ulcer group. The anti-ulcer effects of the drug of interest is highly compared to omeprazole was very, surprisingly; the higher dose of tamoxifen produced even a much significant reduction in gastric volume and ulcers length compered to standard drug. Conclusion: Tamoxifen shows significant antiulcer activity against ethanol induced gastric ulcers, and this could possibly related to its antioxidant properties.

Gastroprotective effects of plants extracts: Acacia catechu on gastric mucosal injury in experimental albino rats model

Background: Around the globe acid peptic disease and its potential complications are among the major cause of morbidity and is a significant burden on health system. Till now the main stay of treatment are the pharmaceutical agents which decrease the secretion of acid. But these have potential complications and tolerability issues. Among such plants one is Acacia catechu commonly available in India and Pakistan.Methods: This experimental study involved 48 albino rats that were divided into four groups. Group A, B, C, and D were given water, 100mg aspirin, 100 mg aspirin+ 250 mg Acacia catechu and 100 mg aspirin+500 mg Aacacia catechu respectively, and were sacrificed on day 3, 7 and 14th day of study and observed for changes.Results: Difference between blood vessels in subgroup B1 and subgroup C1 with subgroup D1 was statistically significant (p=0.05) and (p=0.001). Group C1 and D1 had normal vessels in mucosa and submucosa. However, dilatation of blood vessels was noted in both groups receiving Acacia catechu along with ASA.Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu stem and bark showed significant anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing blood flow to the stomach.

Anti-ulcer property of methanol fraction of Callichilia subsessilis leaf extract in albino rats

Peptic ulcer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is treated with herbal preparations in developing countries. This study investigated the anti-ulcer property of methanol fraction of Callichilia subsessilis leaf in albino rats. Methanol extract prepared through the cold maceration method was partitioned into chloroform and methanol fraction using a separating funnel. The methanol fraction of Callichilia subsessilis (MFCS) was concentrated in vacuo using a rotary evaporator. The acute toxicity was determined using the brine shrimp lethality test and the up-and-down method at a dose limit of 2000 mg/kg. The anti-ulcer activity of MFCS was evaluated at the doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg using indomethacin-and ethanol-induced ulcer models. Misoprostol was used as a reference standard. The ulcer score, index and severity were determined using standard methods. Isolated rabbit jejunum tissue in Tyrode’s solution was used to establish the possible mechanism of anti-ulcer activity of MFCS. The LC50 and LD50 of MFCS were greater than 10,000 ppm and 2,000 mg/kg respectively. The MFCS exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.05) dose-dependent anti-ulcer activity in all the ulcer models used. The MFCS (25 mg/kg) produced 52% and 41.33% inhibition of ulcer index in the indomethacin- and ethanol-induced ulcer models respectively. In the isolated tissue model, MFCS caused significant (p &lt; 0.05) relaxation of the rhythmic contraction of the isolated rabbit jejunum and partially inhibited acetylcholine- and histamine-induced contraction of the jejunal smooth muscles. In conclusion, MFCS exhibited anti-ulcer (antihistaminic and anticholinergic) effects. This study justified the use of Callichilia subsessilis leaves in traditional medicine as an anti-ulcer remedy.

In vivo acute toxicity, laxative and antiulcer effect of the extract of Dryopteris Ramose.

Dryopteris ramosa (D. ramosa) is one of the most traded medicinally important plants of Himalayan region. Apart from other uses, D. ramosa is traditionally also used to treat gastric ulcers and as a laxative. The present study was designed to investigate the role of methanolic crude extract of Dryopteris Ramosa (MEDR) in acute toxicity, against loperamide induced constipated mice model, antiulcer effect of methanolic extract of D. Ramosa and cholinomimetic like effect of methanolic extract of D. Ramosa. The crude extract was investigated for the presence of active compounds (secondary metabolites) such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins following the standard methods. The antiulcer effect was investigated in mice using the ethanol induced ulcer model at various doses i.e. 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses. Constipation was induced in the mice via loperamide (3mg/kg body weight). The control group received normal saline. Different doses of plant extracts (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered for 7 days. Various parameters like feeding characteristics, gastrointestinal transit ratio, body weight, fecal properties and the possible mechanism of action of D. Ramosa on intestinal motility were monitored. Various Phytochemicals like saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrate, alkaloids and triterpenes were found in D. Ramosa. The acute toxicity study showed that MEDR was associated with no mortality except mild and moderate sedation at the highest tested doses (1500 and 2000 mg/kg). MEDR also showed significant antiulcer activity against ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis. The extract enhanced the intestinal motility, normalized the body weight of constipated mice and increased the fecal volume which are indications of laxative property of the herb. The 200 mg/kg body weight dose of the extract was found effective. The presence of various Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, glycosides and tannins might be responsible for the antiulcer activity of D. Ramosa. This study provides the scientific background for the folkloric use of D. Ramosa as antiulcer agent. The laxative action of the extract compares positively with Duphalac, (standard laxative drug). These findings have therefore evidence scientific background to the folkloric use of the herb as a laxative agent.

Isolation of Major Compounds and Gastroprotective Activity of Alchemilla Caucasica on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

The Alchemilla genus, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is known as Lady's mantle and is commonly used in traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the major metabolites isolation and gastroprotective effects of Alchemilla caucasica. Phytochemical studies were carried out using column chromatography on Alchemilla caucasica. The gastroprotective effect of ethanol extract of this plant was tested on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) parameters in the stomach tissue were examined. Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, apigenin, and catechin were isolated from aerial parts of Alchemilla caucasica. When macroscopic ulcer index and histopathological results were analyzed, the extract at 200 mg/kg dose was found to be most effective. All doses of extract reduced MDA level and enhanced SOD activity and GSH level. The results of this study showed that Alchemilla caucasica has significant antiulcer activity. This effect was thought to be caused by antioxidant properties of flavonoids.