Significance Of Trust Research Articles

Kreowanie więzi terytorialnych na przykładzie Wspólnoty Gospodarstwa Społecznego (WGS)

<p>Więź terytorialna stanowi integralną część szerszej kategorii, jaką jest więź społeczna. W literaturze światowej istota więzi terytorialnej ujęta jest w takich pojęciach, jak: <em>place attachment</em>, <em>place dependence</em>, <em>sense of place</em>, <em>place identity</em>. W opracowaniu została przedstawiona idea więzi terytorialnych podkreślająca rolę zaufania w sieciach społecznych. Na tle omawianych zagadnień zaprezentowano autorską koncepcję Wspólnoty Gospodarstwa Społecznego (WGS). Opisując ją, autorka koncentruje się na aspekcie więzi terytorialnych. WGS jest projektem usytuowanym na obszarach wiejskich, opartym na zrównoważonym rozwoju w symbiozie z naturą, ukierunkowanym na takie wartości, jak: zdrowie, zdrowy styl życia, właściwe odżywianie, ale też historia i promocja regionu, kultura, rekreacja. WGS, w ramach sieci terytorialnych powiązań, skupia różnych aktorów społecznych ze wsi, miasta, peryferii, których łączy wspólna przestrzeń (terytorium). Zaufanie jest główną determinantą powstawania sieci terytorialnych powiązań − społecznych i ekonomicznych zależności między jednostkami, podmiotami gospodarczymi i grupami społecznymi.</p>

Trust in Open Source Software Development Communities

This study presents the significance of trust for the formation of an Open Source Software Development (OSSD) community. OSSD has various challenges that must be overcome for its successful operation. First is the development of a community, which requires a healthy community formation environment. Taking into consideration various factors for community formation, a strong sense of TRUST among its members has been felt. Trust development is a slow process with various methods for building and maintaining it. OSSD is teamwork but the team is of unknowns and volunteers. Trust forms a pillar for effective cooperation, which leads to a reduction in conflicts and risks, associated with quality software development. This study offers an overview of various existing trust models, which aids in the development of a trust evaluation framework for OSSD communities. Towards the end of the study, various components of the trust evaluation along with an empirical framework for the same have been proposed.

Employee Intention to Stay: An Environment Based on Trust and Motivation

An organization effort to recognize the reasons for employee retention can serve to keep turnover down. No matter what industry it is essential to comprehend what the employees think and sense about the organization and the working culture. A supportive and positive work environment instilled by motivation and trust strengthens the connection between an organization and employee. When organizational leaders naturally respect employees as more than mere work resources, employees reach a high level of performance and will continue with the organization longer. The primary objective of this study was to recognize and promote the factors of trust and motivation influencing a positive working environment and employees intentions to stay with the organization. The study aims to determine elements of employee intent to stay and contribute to the growing body of literature on the significance of trust, motivation and positive working environment.

Trust and Hedonic Motivation: Predicting the Satisfaction and Continuance Intention to use Facebook

The use of Social Networking Sites has become a routine of the daily life of people. There are numerous sites with varied features and with users with different motives. Facebook is the largest site in terms of the user base. For all these sites, one of the concerns is to maintain the active users. The focus of the study is to analyse the significance of Trust and Hedonic Motivation in predicting Satisfaction and Continuance intention. The results show that hedonic motivation is the main predictor of the continuance intention to use Facebook. Trust is also a found to have a significant influence on Satisfaction and continuance Intention. Satisfaction is found to partially mediate the relationship of trust and hedonic motivation towards the continuance intention.

Unpackaging Manager Mistrust in Allowing Telework: Comparing and Integrating Theoretical Perspectives

We developed and tested an integrative model centering on the significance of trust as a basis for managers’ decisions about allowing versus prohibiting their employees to telework. We examined the importance of trust in relation to several other factors managers may consider in making telework decisions including coordination and communication, equity, and a desire to accommodate employees. Study 1 was a policy capturing investigation of 71 respondents intended to document the relative importance and interactions among trust and these other theoretically based factors. Study 2 was a test of the full theoretical model based on the responses of 85 managers who reported on these considerations for the 191 employees about whom they make telework decisions. Results from the two studies were largely consistent. Managers’ assessments of employees’ conscientiousness and trustworthiness were paramount in predicting telework allowance, with the other theoretically based considerations generally failing to attenuate the importance of those personal assessments. Organizations wishing to increase the use of telework (e.g., by implementing manager telework training) must directly address managers’ mistrust as a factor underlying this resistance. Job-related and technological changes may not dampen the effects of mistrust. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive and theoretically grounded assessment of the various considerations factoring into managers’ telework decisions.

The significance of trust in the political system and motivation for pupils’ learning progress in politics lessons

Very little research has been conducted on the contribution of political education to learning progress in Germany. Hence, there is a need for intervention studies measuring performance against the theoretical background of a political competence model. This model comprises three constructs: subject knowledge, motivation and attitudes. According to this model, politics lessons should not only convey knowledge but also arouse subject interest, promote political attitudes and develop problem-solving skills. This study investigates how knowledge acquisition is influenced by intervention using theory-oriented teaching materials on the European Union, intervention using conventional textbooks on the European Union and politics lessons without any reference to the European Union. It further asks how the performance-related self-concept and subject interest in political issues impact political knowledge and whether civic virtue and trust in the system are related to it. The sample comprises 1071 pupils. Theory-oriented politics classes lead to greater growth of pupils’ knowledge than in the control group. As anticipated, this study proves that a positive subject-specific self-concept impacts knowledge. The examination of political attitudes reveals a positive correlation between civic virtue and knowledge. There is no connection between trust in the political system and knowledge.

A Service Oriented Adaptive Trust Evaluation Model for Ubiquitous Computing Environment

The increased participation of various devices and networks, involvement of heterogeneous system, and context-awareness raises a significance of trust and trust evaluation in the ubiqutioius computing environment. Consequently, the trust evaluation based on the context and service requirements is adapted to decide the applicable level of security to the offered services. Therefore, this paper presents a service-oriented adaptive trust evaluation model (SOATEM) in the ubiquitous computing network. The proposed trust evaluation model computes direct trust based on various interaction properties and recommendation trust by filtering the dishonest recommenders based on the time context. A balanced blending of direct and recommendation trust are done with trust weights to make them relevant to current application scenarios. The results are compared with some of the available schemes and found to be a consistently good in performance for the today's ubiquitous network.

Vertrauen im Florenz des 15. Jahrhunderts

This essay traces the main features of political ‘trust’ (fiducia, fides) – an idea discussed in the late Middle Ages regardless of forms of government – as established and displayed in fifteenth-century urban Florence. It was firmly believed that a few outstanding individuals or a clearly defined group of distinguished persons in society possessed exceptional credibility (fides), which was closely linked to their social status within the community. Moreover, it was seen as self-evident that private property ought to be protected by rulers and government officials and they were expected to meet those standards. By examining several contemporary works – Giovanni Morelli’s ‘Ricordi’, Matteo Palmieri’s ‘De vita civile’ and Poggio Bracciolini’s piece of invective ‘Contra fidei violatores’ – this paper addresses the conditions for and the significance of trust in the political elite of fifteenth-century Florence, including the extent to which fraud and breaches of promise could be justified in political discourse comparing it with the social reality of mistrust and of constant fear of losings one’s property and thus one’s credibility.

Generation-Y shopping: the impact of network externalities and trust on adoption of social commerce

Many commercial companies are keen to exploit the rapid transformation of electronic commerce into social commerce. Social commerce is increasingly being observed in the purchasing behaviour of college-aged Generation-Y consumers. Drawing on theory of reasoned action, this study examines the strength and significance of trust and network externalities on social commerce adoption. By linking security, situational normality, vendor familiarity and structural assurance as determinants of trust, we propose a model of an individual's intention to engage in social commerce. Our model adds network externalities as antecedents influencing an individual's normative beliefs. Our findings reveal that security, situational normality and structural assurance have positive effect on trust. Number of peers has a positive relationship with normative beliefs. Both trust and normative beliefs are inextricably linked to behavioural intention. Our results provide insight into the role of trust and network externalities on social commerce adoption, thereby allowing social commerce providers to develop innovative strategies to compete in the social commerce industry.

Attitudes to deceased organ donation and registration as a donor among minority ethnic groups in North America and the UK: a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research

Objectives. A systematic review and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research were undertaken to examine attitudes to deceased donation and registration as an organ donor among ethnic minorities in the UK and North America. Design. A systematic search and assessments of relevance and quality were conducted. Parallel syntheses were then undertaken of 14 quantitative and 12 qualitative papers followed by their integration. The synthesis was organised around five barriers that emerged as key issues: (1) knowledge regarding deceased donation and registration as a donor; (2) discussion of donation/registration with family members; (3) faith and cultural beliefs; (4) bodily concerns including disfigurement and intactness; and (5) trust in doctors and the health care system. Results. In all countries, knowledge of organ donation and registration remained low despite public campaigns, with African-Americans and Black African and Black Caribbean populations in the UK often regarding organ donation as a ‘white’ issue. Each of the four attitudinal barriers was also more prevalent among ethnic minorities compared with the majority population. However, the significance of trust and uncertainties regarding religion/faith differed between groups, reflecting salient aspects of ethnic identity and experiences. Differences were also identified within ethnic groups associated with age and generation, although respect for the views of elders often influenced younger peoples' willingness to donate. Conclusion. There is a need for a more nuanced understanding of ethnicity and of variations in attitudes associated with country of origin, age/generation, socio-economic status and area of residence, to inform public campaigns and promote sensitive discussions with bereaved ethnic minority families. The traditional focus on knowledge and attitudes also requires to be complemented by a greater emphasis on organisational and service-related barriers and changes required to enhance ethnic minorities' access to registration as a donor and consent to deceased donation.

Just Authority? Trust in the Police in England and Wales

Public attitudes towards crime, policing and justice remain 'hot' social and political topics. Low confidence in the criminal justice system challenges the legitimacy that underpins the effectiveness of the police and the courts. The police depend upon the authority they can command rather than the force they can deploy as a last resort. This book analyses the meaning, distribution and significance of trust in the police and the legitimacy of legal authorities. The book: presents data on the measurement of trust; drawing on information from 25 years of the British Crime Survey to highlight key trends and historical trajectories; explores the roles played by fear of crime, anxieties about neighbourhood breakdown, the mass media, and contact with the police; addresses the geographical distribution of trust; and shows the importance of public trust and confidence in generating legitimacy, compliance with the law and cooperation with authorities. Just Authority? provides the most authoritative and comprehensive analysis thus far, it also reflects on our time relating such findings to the London Metropolitan Police Service, drawing upon over five years of experience of working to embed a conceptual approach to public opinion into an overarching 'confidence' strategy. This book will be of interest not to just to students, researchers and academics but also to practitioners and policy makers who are tasked to engage with complex and shifting notions of public trust and police legitimacy.

The significance of trust in school-based collaborative leadership

The expectation that schools should work in partnership to promote the achievement of children has arguably been the defining feature of school policy over the last decade. This rise in school-to-school partnerships and increased emphasis on multi-agency-based interventions for vulnerable children have seen the emergence of a new form of school leadership, required to simultaneously reconcile the pressures of cross-organizational partnership working with the demands of effectively leading a single institution. Based on original, doctoral research, this article discusses the fundamentally important role trust plays in assuring the leader’s integrity and capability within this context. It explores the concept of trustworthy leadership, offering an innovative model for the emergence of trust and a three-dimensional framework to account for its manifestation in collaborative contexts. The article concludes that trustworthy leadership is fundamentally relational in nature and based on the leader’s consistent modelling of their values in their day-to-day behaviours. Furthermore, it requires that followers perceive a flawless connection between these aspects, which in turn is dependent upon understandings as to the nature of professionalism within a specific context. Trustworthiness is therefore viewed as both an innate and attributed quality, the precise nature of which is contextually constructed.

Breaking bad news: an interview study of paediatric cardiologists

Technical developments in paediatric cardiology over the last few decades have increased expectations on professionals, demanding of them more emotional competence and communicative ability. The aim of this study was to examine the approach of paediatric cardiologists in informing and communicating with the family of the patient. A qualitative interview method was first tested in a pilot study with two paediatric cardiologists. There were nine subsequent semi-structured interviews that were carried out with paediatric cardiologists. A researcher performed all the interviews, which were taped, transcribed, decoded, and analysed. Among paediatric cardiologists, how to break bad news to the family is an important concern, evident in findings regarding the significance of trust and confidence, the use of different emotional positions, and a common ambition to achieve skills to handle the situation. There is a need for reflection, education, and sharing of experiences. The cardiologists desire further development of teamwork and of skills in medical students and residents for delivering bad news. Doctors are expected to cope with the complexities of diagnoses and decisions, while simultaneously being sensitive to the feelings of the parents, aware of their own emotions, and able to keep it all under control in the context of breaking the bad news to the parents and keeping them informed. These conflicting demands create a need to expand the professional role of the doctor by including more training in emotional competence and communicative ability, beginning in medical school and continuing through consultancy.

The significance of trust and renqing in the long-term orientation of Chinese business-to-business relationships

While business relationships with China are receiving increased attention in both practitioner and academic discourse, very little empirical work however, has been undertaken to isolate and examine measures that focus on business-to-business relationships, and as such, research in this area is somewhat scant. In an attempt to bridge this gap, and add to the knowledge in this emerging discipline, the research aims to develop a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between trust and the long-term orientation in Chinese business-to-business market relationships. Based on a survey with Hong Kong companies that have a buyer-seller relationship with Chinese companies, the empirical findings indicate the mediating role and significance of ‘renqing’ for enhancing trust and contributing towards the long-term stability in relational exchange. The results highlight several implications for practicing managers to consider when aiming to establish and develop relationships in a Chinese business-to-business context.

Ergonomics issues in future systems

The paper starts by discussing some of the historical background to the design of systems and the development of systems thinking, from the perspective of Ergonomics. This is followed by an attempt to describe the likely future for systems design and operation; critical points being that these systems will interoperate with other systems; they will be long-lived; and we cannot afford for them to fail. This leads on to a discussion of complexity and its effects. The paper then goes on to discuss how and why Ergonomics practitioners should be interested in these effects. This includes dealing with intrinsic complexity (inherent in the purposes of the system) and induced complexity (introduced by the the organization, process design and operation of the system), the significance of trust, shared situation awareness and sense-making, the need for excellent communications, the importance of knowledge, experience and governance. Finally, a brief section, pointing to other sources, outlines possible approaches for designing these future systems.

Dairy Farming and Milk Marketing Relationships in the CIS

A team of Western and CIS agricultural economists presents the results of a cross-national survey of 916 dairy farms located in Armenia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The focus on milk marketing and supply chain relationships reflects their importance as determinants of farmers' welfare. Survey findings cover herd sizes, milk yields, investment activities, prices, sales to processors, and relationships with and support from buyers. An analysis of farmer satisfaction based on use of an ordered probit model, highlights the significance of trust and support measures. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, P32, Q13. 8 tables, 37 references.

Significance of trust in knowledge citizenship

The South African Journal of Information Management explores the latest developments and trends in information and knowledge management to offer research that can be used to further the application of sound information and knowledge management practice.

ATTITUDES TO GENE TECHNOLOGY: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS

ABSTRACT This is a study of the relationship between trust in institutions and attitudes to gene technology in general, and GM food and stem cell research in particular. The role of so-called active trust is emphasised, meaning that trust is neither conceived as a trait nor a one-dimensional concept. The study uses data from a Eurobarometer survey of gene technology in Europe, conducted in 2002. People's attitudes in five European counties, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and United Kingdom are compared, and the significance of trust in institutions in these countries is investigated. The results show that trust in institutions has an impact on attitudes to gene technology. Trust in experts, stakeholders and official bodies are associated with positive attitudes to GM food and stem cell research, whereas trust in Non-Governmental Organisations is associated with negative perceptions of these technologies. This confirms the significant role of active trust.

Does delivery matter? Users' perceptions of the significance of trust in the delivery of the Personal Advisor Service in the New Deal for Disabled Persons

Purpose: In the context of welfare pluralism where government in the UK has been contracting a number of public services out to a range of private and voluntary sector organisations, the aim of this study is to explore the extent to which decisions to become involved in employment support programmes are affected by the users' perceptions of those delivering the service. Method: A qualitative design involving two focus groups of fourteen participants was employed to examine the attitudes and perceptions of participants in the government's New Deal for Disabled Persons. The study sample was purposefully selected from client records of Shaw Trust a national charity for disabled persons, one of the organisations who have been contracted by the government to provide this service. Results: Two distinct but related themes of disillusionment with the government and the importance of trust emerged from the focus groups. Overall, the data suggests that the identity of those delivering the service significantly influences the decision to participate. As Shaw Trust is a voluntary organisation promoting the rights of disabled persons they were deemed to be trustworthy. The users were sceptical about the government's commitment to improving the lives of disabled people and were reluctant to engage with the state. Conclusions: Making the transition from dependency on disability benefits to paid employment is a quantum leap. For many the decision to put themselves forward for voluntary support schemes is affected by the extent to which they believe they can trust the agency delivering the service. It is imperative that the government listen to the service users who have been involved in these projects and learn from their experiences.

The Resignation of the Santer-Commission: The Impact of 'Trust' and 'Reputation'

This contribution begins with reciting the facts behind the resignation of the European Commission under Jacques Santer, followed by theoretical considerations on the significance of trust and reputation from the principal-agent-theory perspective. The third part puts the emphasis on discussing as to which extent a loss of trust and reputation had an influence in the resignation of the Santer-Commission. The author concludes that the Santer-Commission underestimated the increased power of the European Parliament. The inadequate information policy and the increasing practice of manipulating documents led to a loss of trust. After the threshold had been crossed in connection with the BSE-scandal further violations finally led to the destruction of reputation of the Santer-Commission.