Signs Of Inflammatory Reaction Research Articles

The prevention of infectious complications of caesarean section in the context of the global rise of antibiotic resistance

In the context of the global rise of antibiotic resistance, optimising the prevention of infectious complications of caesarean section (CS) with a reassessment of the guidelines for ultra-short antibiotic (AB) regimens is becoming increasingly important. Given the current data on the negative consequences of the use of AB in pregnant women for the fetal microbiota, the role of antiseptics that are used locally, do not pass to the child, and are less likely to cause resistance, have a wider range of antimicrobial activity is increasing.The objective: to provide clinical evidence for the prevention of infectious complications of CS by topical application of an antiseptic with decamethoxin.Materials and methods. A comparative study of two homogeneous groups of women with low infectious risk delivered by elective CS was conducted. In the 1st group (55 women) an antiseptic with decamethoxin was used at all stages of abdominal delivery: preoperative treatment of the skin and vagina, intraoperative irrigation of the inner surface of the uterus, uterine sutures, and subcutaneous tissue. The 2nd group (55 patients) received conventional antibacterial prophylaxis. In the course of clinical and microbiological parallels, ultrasound monitoring of uterine involution, the results of the examination on the 42nd day after CS and information on the condition of the newborn child were used.Results. The absence of infectious complications of puerperium, infection of the surgical site, trends and signs of inflammatory reactions in both groups was revealed.In the 2nd group 5.5% of patients had partial skin suture separation due to seroma formation and transient infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue. The absence of such phenomena in the 1st group should be considered a consequence of the cytoprotective effect of decametoxin. The use of an antiseptic with decametoxin has pharmacoeconomic advantages over antibiotic prophylaxis regimens.Conclusions. The use of antiseptic with decametoxin in the perioperative care of caesarean section combines the possibility of safe reduction of antibiotics, effective antiinfective protection with guaranteed safety for the child.

Morphofunctional characteristics of the liver and pancreas under the influence of the hepatoprotector “Remaxol” against the background of acute alcohol damage in rats

The goal. To study the effect of hepatoprotective drug “Remaxol” on morphology of the liver and pancreas as well as on blood serum indices in rats with alcohol damage. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on mature male white laboratory rats divided into three groups: the first (control group) - intact animals, the second and third (experimental groups) - daily part of the rats received 40 % aqueous ethanol solution (96 % ethanol in a dose of 8ml/kg weight) for 7 days, then part of the rats from the experimental group were injected “Remaxol” in a dose 5 mg/kg weight daily for 7 days. Morphological study of the liver and its macrostructure was carried out; diameters of hepatocytes, sinusoid capillaries and pancreatic acini in animals of the control and experimental groups were measured; general and biochemical blood parameters were assessed. Results. Blood tests demonstrated acute alcohol poisoning in experimental groups (leukocytosis); short-term (7 days) alcohol damage had less effect on the size of hepatocytes than on the size of pancreatic acini; pancreatic acini were more reactive on toxic influence of alcohol; in the liver and pancreas there were signs of inflammatory reaction (cell swelling, lymphocytes infiltration). Conclusion. Histological picture of the liver and pancreas of the animals with acute alcohol poisoning on the background of “Remaxol” treatment showed a decrease in the toxic effect of 40 % alcohol on hepatocytes and pancreatocytes, normalization of their morphological parameters.

Morphometric analysis of lungs parameters under conditions of simulated burn injury

Thermal burns are one of the most traumatic and physically exhausting injuries. Among the many factors that are decisive for a burn injury, the relationship between the temperature of the damaging agent and the duration of exposure is important. The term of exposure and high temperature determine the depth of the lesion. During burns, hypoxic, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders occur, which lead to changes in the structures and functions of internal organs. There are various ways of developing the respiratory system disorders after a burn injury to the skin: direct thermal damage to the respiratory tract, damage to the lungs by toxins of endogenous origin. After thermal exposure, there is a reorganization of the airiness of the lung tissue, its increase and combination with the phenomena of bronchospasm. A complex of morphological changes develops in the lungs, which includes degenerative changes in the walls of blood vessels and their permeability, a violation of the typical structure of the alveoli, the appearance of foci of distelectases and atelectasis, signs of inflammatory reactions, as well as the detection of areas of clusters of alveolar macrophages in places of hemorrhages. The aim of our study was to establish changes in the morphometric parameters of the lungs during experimental thermal injury to the skin. The results of the morphometric analysis showed that in the early stages (1st, 7th days) after experimental thermal injury to the skin, there is a reorganization of the structural components of the lungs with signs of an adaptive and compensatory nature, as well as destructive changes. It was established that the average values of the area of bronchi, lymphoid tissue statistically significantly increased from the indicators of the intact group animals, while the percentage of unchanged lung tissue significantly decreased in the respiratory portion. It was found that in the late stages of the experiment (14th, 21st days), inflammatory and sclerotic changes in the components of the respiratory portion occurred, which were manifested by a significant increase in the average values of dys- and atelectasis and the relative areas of emphysematously changed lung tissue relative to the indicators of the intact group. The values of the relative fractions of unchanged lung tissue were significantly reduced, which indicated deep degenerative-destructive changes in the organ.

Micro‐marsupialization technique with suture thread modification for improving the management of oral mucoceles and ranulas: A case series

AbstractAimMicro‐marsupialization is a technique that can be applied in the treatment of mucoceles located on the floor of the mouth (ranula), lower lip or ventral surface of the tongue. The technique is simple, low cost, little invasive and consists of using sutures to promote mucous drainage. Absorbable sutures may have advantages over regular silk sutures. Herein, we report a case series of oral mucoceles and ranulas treated by the micro‐marsupialization technique using synthetic absorbable suture thread.Material and methodsThe convenience sample consisted of five individuals, three males and two females.ResultsThree individuals had a clinical diagnosis of oral mucoceles and two of ranulas. The treatment resulted in the resolution of all cases. Although there was a slight accumulation of plaque, no signs of inflammatory reaction, pain, bleeding, or recurrence were observed after at least 30 months of follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the use of absorbable suture thread during micro‐marsupialization can be beneficial, mainly because of its similar performance compared to conventional silk suture thread, without the need for removal.

Parameters of macrophage reaction and humoral immunity in patients with implant-associated in-flammation after primary endoprosthetics of knee joint

Aim. To study peculiarities of macrophage reaction and humoral immunity in patients with signs of implant-associated inflammation after the primary endoprosthetics of the knee joint.
 Materials and Methods. Examination of 48 patients with signs of implant-associated inflammation after the primary endoprosthetics of the knee joints (the main group) and of 44 patients without signs of inflammatory reactions (comparison group) was carried out. Control group involved 30 healthy donors without diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
 Results. In 1 and 12 months after the surgery, patients of the main group showed elevated levels of the factor inhibiting migration of macrophages (MIF), of macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), class A immunoglobulins (IgA), С3 and С4 complement components as compared to control, and also to each previous period. In 1 month after the surgery, the content of class M and G immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) decreased relative to control; in 12 months after the surgery a more pronounced reduction was noted. Increase in serum concentrations of MIF, MSP, IgA, С3 and С4-complement components was noted in the comparison group in 1 and 12 months and also in comparison with the previous period. Reduction of the levels of IgM, IgG in 1 and 12 months after the operation was noted in comparison with control and with the previous period.
 Conclusion. A study of parameters of macrophage reaction, proteins of complement system and the main classes of immunoglobulins permits to identify signs of implant-associated inflammation in 1 and 12 months after surgery, and, consequently, to determine patients of risk groups that require additional diagnostics measures.

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SKIN OF THE GUINEA PIGS IN THE COURSE OF MICROSPORES

During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations. Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma. During the course of microspores on the skin, the balance between the species of saprophytic microorganisms and hypersensitivity as an integral part of the inflammatory reaction resulting from the presence of the pathogen in the skin is disturbed. The degree of expression of inflammation varies. Clinical manifestations of microsporia are manifested by erythema, alopecia, scaly and crust formation. The aim. Histological studies were performed to determine pathomorphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs during microsporia. The studies were conducted on clinically healthy and sick guinea pigs during the acute course of the disease, during regeneration and during recovery.And also carry out a description and characterization of the identified changes in the skin.The obtained research results showed that patients with microsporia had changes in the morphological composition of the skin, which were characterized by thickening and keratinization of the epidermis, there were small-focal polymorphic cell infiltrates, there was a violation of the microvasculature and the formation of micellar formations.Materials and methods. The material for histological examination(pieces of guinea pig skin) was fixed in a 10–12 % cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G.A. Merkulov (1969). Histomic sections 5–7 μm thick were made on the MC-2 dome microtome. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used for the morphological evaluation of cells and tissue. Microscopy was performed using an OLIMPUS CX-41 microscope. Results. Signs of superficial inflammation with hyperkeratosis and desquamation of cells of the stratified epithelium, microcracks of the epidermis were found in the skin of the patient with microsporia of the tentacle during the acute course. Signs of inflammation of the follicles and surrounding tissues are visualized. Round-cell and plasma connective tissue infiltrates of the connective tissue of the skin were detected by lymphoid, histiocytic and other cellular elements. There is moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis. Signs of inflammation by type of infiltration around the hair follicles, enlargement of the blood capillaries and the presence of microabscesses. In the stage of regeneration during recovery, a clear contoured layer of epithelial cells is established. There are no signs of inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Conclusion. In microspores, inflammatory processes occur in all layers of the skin. The skin of sick animals loses its barrier function due to pathomorphological changes. The long-term consequences of the pathological process during the course of microspores can provoke the development of chronic dermatitis with scleroderma.

Growth, health aspects and histopathology of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.): replacing fishmeal with soybean meal and brewer\u2019s yeast

A ten-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) and brewer’s yeast (BY) on growth performance, blood parameters, oxidative stress and micromorphology of liver and intestines in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus L.). Fish were fed nine feeds in which FM was replaced with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SBM (K1, K2, K3 and K4) and 17% + 8%, 42% + 8%, 67% + 8% and 92% + 8% of SBM/BY combination (K5, K6, K7, K8). Growth indices showed greater outcomes for the K2 group in comparison to all other groups. A decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations was found after FM replacement. Activity of SOD was higher in groups K4, K7 and K8. The early inflammatory indications with abnormal vacuolization of lamina propria and basal epithelium were present in diets K4 and K8. Hepatocytes were irregular in shape with signs of inflammatory reaction in diet K8. A decreased perimeter of hepatocyte nuclei was detected in all experimental diets when compared with the control. This study demonstrates that the optimal replacement of FM with SBM/BY in brown bullhead diets contains up to 50% of FM replaced with SBM in order to obtain advantageous growth performance and adequate health condition.

Fixation of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mesh with cyanoacrylate-derived glues in a rat experimental model: histopathologic immunohistochemical and morphometric study.

The use of cyanoacrylate (CA)-based tissue adhesives for mesh fixation in abdominal hernia repair is increasing due to the fast action and bond strength of these glues. The aim of the present study was to assess tissue changes induced by different CA glues used for mesh fixation in an animal model. Parietal defects were induced in the abdominal wall of 60 rats and repaired by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mesh fixation using different CA glues. At 1, 7, 15, and 30days post-surgery, macroscopic and histopathological studies were performed to evaluate mesh adhesion, the presence of complications and the tissue response. All meshes were successfully fixed without signs of inflammatory reaction, displacement or detachment. In areas where CA adhesives were applied, the acute tissue response was limited and transient. At 7days post-surgery, collagen fibril production around prosthetic materials was observed, and collagen maturation was achieved at 30days post-surgery. Good mesh incorporation was detected with all three glues, but the application of Glubran-2 was associated with an early macrophagic response and the early production and maturation of collagen fibrils. Our study confirmed that CA tissue adhesives induced the good incorporation of prosthetic mesh within host tissue with a low incidence of complications and reduced acute tissue reaction. At 30days post-surgery no signs of mesh disinsertion or migration were observed, the prosthetic mesh adhesion was due to the presence of a dense mature connective tissue rich in type I collagen fibres.

Clinical and molecular markers in retinal detachment-From hyperreflective points to stem cells and inflammation.

PurposeRetinal detachment (RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ophthalmologic conditions requiring prompt surgical intervention. Combination of proper surgical technique and new diagnostic markers, both clinical and molecular, can help improve the diagnosis and prognosis of RD treatment.Methods12 patients with rhegmatogenous RD (rRD) were included into the study after obtaining patient consent and Regional Ethical Approval (average age: 58.1 ± 17.4 years). OCT was performed before and after 23G vitrectomy for RD. Pure subretinal fluid (SRF) was collected during surgery and analyzed by protein array profiling on a panel of 105 inflammatory cytokines (Human XL Cytokine Array), while the effect of SRF upon human macrophages-driven phagocytosis of apoptotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells ex vivo was quantified by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of retinectomized tissue due to PVR caused by RD was performed to determine presence of markers for microglial cells (CD34), macrophages and activated microglia (CD68), regulator of the immune response to infection (NFkB), progenitor and stem cell marker (Sox2), pluripotency marker (Oct4) and intermediate filament markers (GFAP and Nestin).ResultsOCT of fresh RD patients contained pre-operatively hyper reflective points (HRPs) at the detached neuroretina border and proximal to the RPE layer—their size and number decreased following successful reattachment surgery. IHC of the retinectomized tissue from detached retina due to severe PVR showed presence of cell conglomerates at the detached neuroretina border which were positive for CD68, NFkB, Sox2 and GFAP, less positive for CD47 and Nestin and negative for Oct4 and CD34. The SRF contained at least 37 cytokines with higher, and 4 cytokine with lower concentration compared to that in vitreous from non-RD pathology; when used as conditional medium to human macrophages ex vivo, the SRF doubled their capacity for engulfing dying RPEs.ConclusionsFresh RD can be hallmarked by presence of HRPs at the detached neuroretina border on OCT; the HRPs decrease in size and number after successful reattachment surgery, and likely resemble the macrophage conglomerates seen by IHC. The neuroretina in RD contains progenitor/stem-like cells and signs of inflammatory reaction, while the SRF contains inflammatory cytokines and other factors which increase the ability of professional phagocytes to engulf dying RPE, or for that matter, other dying cells in the retina.

Impact of Gentamicin-Loaded Bone Graft on Defect Healing in a Sheep Model.

Infections of bone are severe complications, and an optimization of grafting material with antimicrobial drugs might be useful for prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the influence of gentamicin-loaded bone graft on the healing of bone defects in a sheep model. Metaphyseal and diaphyseal drill hole defects (diameter: 6 mm, depth: 15 mm) were filled with graft or gentamicin-loaded graft (50 mg/g graft) or were left untreated. Analysis of regeneration after three and nine weeks, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and histology revealed a significant increase in bone formation in the drill hole defects, which began at the edges of the holes and grew over time into the defect center. The amount of graft decreased over time due to active resorption by osteoclasts, while osteoblasts formed new bone. No difference between the groups was seen after three weeks. After nine weeks, significantly less mineralized tissue was formed in the gentamicin-loaded graft group. Signs of inflammatory reactions were seen in all three groups. Even though the applied gentamicin concentration was based on the concentration of gentamicin mixed with cement, the healing process was impaired. When using local gentamicin, a dose-dependent, compromising effect on bone healing should be considered.

Novel approach to gastric mucosal defect repair using fresh amniotic membrane allograft in dogs (experimental study)

BackgroundGastric mucosal defect could result from several causative factors including the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrointestinal and spinal cord diseases, and neoplasia. This study was performed to achieve a novel simple, inexpensive, and effective surgical technique for the repair of gastric mucosal defect.MethodsSix adult male mongrel dogs were divided into two groups (three dogs each). In the control positive group (C + ve), dogs were subjected to surgical induction of gastric mucosal defect and then treated using traditional medicinal treatment for such a condition. In the amniotic membrane (AM) group, dogs were subjected to the same operation and then fresh AM allograft was applied. Clinical, endoscopic, biochemical (serum protein and lipid and pepsin activity in gastric juice), histopathological, and immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed.ResultsRegarding endoscopic examination, there was no sign of inflammatory reaction around the grafted area in the AM group compared to the C + ve group. The leukocytic infiltration in the gastric ulcer was well detected in the control group and was less observed in the AM group. In the AM group, the concentrations of both protein and lipid profiles were nearly the same as those in serum samples taken preoperatively at zero time, which indicated that the AM grafting acted the same as gastric mucosa. The re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer in the C + ve group was not yet detected at 21 days, while in the AM group it was well observed covering most of the gastric ulcer. AM accelerated the re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer. The fibrous connective tissue and the precursor of collagen (COL IA1) were poorly detected in the gastric ulcer with AM application.ConclusionUsing fresh AM allograft for repairing gastric mucosal defect in dogs showed great impact as a novel method to achieve optimum reconstruction of the gastric mucosal architecture and restoration of pre-epithelial, epithelial, and post-epithelial normal gastric mucosal barriers.

Ante Mortem Cranial Trepanation in the Late Bronze Age in Western Siberia

AbstractWe report a case study of cranial trepanation in a male subject 30 to 40 years of age from the Nefteprovod II burial ground in the Anzhevsk archeological site. This burial dates back to the Late Bronze Age, in particular the Karasuk culture located in the Minusinsk Basin on the Yenisei River and on the upper reaches of the Ob River. The left parietal bone had an opening with evident signs of bone healing, as well as signs of inflammatory reaction from both bone plates of the calvarium. The strongest signs of inflammation were located around the trepanation opening at the exocranium, suggesting that it occurred after, rather than before, the operation.Although trepanation was the main cause for the development of the changes noted in the preceding texts, there are no reasons to believe that the subject died from complications arising from infection after trepanation. The patient survived and later died for reasons that may never be determined. Medical necessity was the most likely justification for trepanation. Immersion in altered states of consciousness may also have been a necessary part of the trepanation process as a mode of sedation, along with other shamanic practices, such as consumption of psychotropic substances or ecstatic dance. These data, together with reports of other ante mortem burials, raised questions about the application of anaesthesia and possible techniques of cranial trepanation. These issues and possible postoperative complications are discussed in the following text. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

NewTumor-environment biomimetics delay peritoneal metastasis formation by deceiving and redirecting disseminated cancer cells abstract created on Monday June 29, 2015

Event Abstract Back to Event NewTumor-environment biomimetics delay peritoneal metastasis formation by deceiving and redirecting disseminated cancer cells abstract created on Monday June 29, 2015 Elly De Vlieghere1, Marc Bracke1, Pieter Demetter2, Wim Ceelen3, Christain Vanhove4, Bruno G. De Geest5 and Olivier De Wever1 1 Ghent University, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Belgium 2 Erasme University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Belgium 3 Ghent University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Belgium 4 Ghent University, INFINITY, Belgium 5 Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Belgium Introduction: Biomimetics of the tumor-environment, an ecosystem, can be applied to create an ecological trap. An ecological trap is an environment of low quality for survival that is preferred by an organism over a better available environment. Carcinoma associated cancer cells (CAFs) produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) that exerts a high attraction to disseminated cancer cells, and is the perfect bait for an ecological trap. Microparticle encapsulated CAFs (MP[CAF]) can redirect adhesion of disseminated cancer cells from the peritoneal wall to the MP[CAF] surface to prevent peritoneal metastasis formation. Materials and Methods: Encapsulation: CAFs cells are encapsulated into microparticles (MP[CAF] 500-700µm) by dripping a mixture of alginate (1.5%), gelatin (0.5%) and CAFs (2.106/ml) in to a CaCl2 bath (1.3%) though a needle (260µm inner diameter) surrounded by an airflow. MP[CAF] where layer-by-layer coated with poly-styrene sulfonate and poly-allyamine (PSS/PAH), with or without the incorporation of iron-oxide nanoparticles between the layers. In vitro confrontation assay: MP[CAF] and MPs without CAFs where confronted with luciferase positive cancer cells (1.105) while shaking. After 48h adhesion the two types of MPs are magnetically separated and the adhesion of SK-OV-3 Luc on the MPs is measured through bioluminescence. In vivo: MP[CAF] (200) are inserted through a small incision in to the abdominal cavity of nude mice. 1.105 ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV-3 Luc IP1) are injected. 24h later MPs with captured cancer cells are removed with a magnet. Sham threated mice underwent the same procedure but now MPs where inserted. Results and Discussion: MP[CAF] are stable and encapsulated CAFs are viable and metabolic active for over 4 weeks. CAF-derived ECM proteins are retained by the PSS/PAH coating. In vitro confrontation show that cancer cells have a higher affinity for MP[CAF] compared to empty MP (fig 1A-B). Small animal MRI imaging shows distribution of MP throughout the abdominal cavity without attachment to intestinal organs and without signs of inflammatory reaction. MP[CAF] trap cancer cells and redirect adhesion away from the wound site. Removal of the MP[CAF] results in a delay peritoneal metastasis formation and a prolonged survival in mice (fig 2A-D). Conclusion: Biomimetics of the tumor-environment by encapsulating CAFs creates an ecological trap for disseminated cancer cells. The present results demonstrate the potential of ecological traps to prevent cancer metastasis. Vlaamse Liga tegen Kanker; Stichting tegen Kanker; IWT

Reconstruction of Orbital Floor Fractures with Porous Polyethylene Implants: A Prospective Study.

The main aim of our study was to assess and evaluate the efficacy, long standing outcome and infection of porous polyethylene implants in treatment of orbital floor fractures. Twelve patients with fractures of orbital floor were included in the study. The cause of fracture was road traffic accident, self fall and cow hit respectively. They also complained of enophthalmos (n=9), diplopia (n=3), restricted eye movement (n=2), impairment of infraorbital nerve (n=3) and dystopia (n=6). All the fractures were reconstructed with thin porous polyethylene sheets. No implants were extruded and there were no signs of inflammatory reactions against porous polyethylene implant. In all nine patients with pre-op enophthalmos it was corrected post-operatively with p value = 0.000 and was statistically significant; diplopia in one patient was corrected; persistence of double vision was noted in two patients. Restricted eye movement was corrected in all patients, dystopia was corrected in four patients and in two patients have persisting dystopia. Paresthesia persisted in all three patients. Our experience was that reconstruction of orbital floor fracture using porous polyethylene implant is reliable, safe and effective and may be used for reconstruction of the orbital floor fracture with no donor site morbidity.

Tumor-environment biomimetics delay peritoneal metastasis formation by deceiving and redirecting disseminated cancer cells

Peritoneal metastasis is life threatening and is the result of an extensive communication between disseminated cancer cells, mesothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). CAFs secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins creating a receptive environment for peritoneal implantation. Considering cancer as an ecosystem may provide opportunities to exploit CAFs to create biomimetic traps to deceive and redirect cancer cells. We have designed microparticles (MP) containing a CAF-derived ECM-surface that is intended to compete with natural niches. CAFs were encapsulated in alginate/gelatine beads (500–750 μm in diameter) functionalised with a polyelectrolyte coating (MP[CAF]). The encapsulated CAFs remain viable and metabolically active (≥35 days), when permanently encapsulated. CAF-derived ECM proteins are retained by the non-biodegradable coating. Adhesion experiments mimicking the environment of the peritoneal cavity show the selective capture of floating cancer cells from different tumor origins by MP[CAF] compared to control MP. MP[CAF] are distributed throughout the abdominal cavity without attachment to intestinal organs and without signs of inflammatory reaction. Intraperitoneal delivery of MP[CAF] and sequential removal redirects cancer cell adhesion from the surgical wound to the MP[CAF], delays peritoneal metastasis formation and prolongs animal survival. Our experiments suggest the use of a biomimetic trap based on tumor–environment interactions to delay peritoneal metastasis.

Absence of systemic toxicity in mouse model towards BaTiO3 nanoparticulate based eluate treatment.

One of the existing issues in implant failure of orthopedic biomaterials is the toxicity induced by the fine particles released during long term use in vivo, leading to acute inflammatory response. In developing a new class of piezobiocomposite to mimic the integrated electrical and mechanical properties of bone, bone-mimicking physical properties as well as in vitro cytocompatibility properties have been achieved with spark plasma sintered hydroxyapatite (HA)-barium titanate (BaTiO3) composites. However, the presence of BaTiO3 remains a concern towards the potential toxicity effect. To address this issue, present work reports the first result to conclusively confirm the non-toxic effect of HA-BaTiO3 piezobiocomposite nanoparticulates, in vivo. Twenty BALB/c mice were intra-articularly injected at their right knee joints with different concentrations of HA-BaTiO3 composite of up to 25mg/ml. The histopathological examination confirmed the absence of any trace of injected particles or any sign of inflammatory reaction in the vital organs, such as heart, spleen, kidney and liver at 7days post-exposure period. Rather, the injected nanoparticulates were found to be agglomerated in the vicinity of the knee joint, surrounded by macrophages. Importantly, the absence of any systemic toxicity response in any of the vital organs in the treated mouse model, other than a mild local response at the site of delivery, was recorded. The serum biochemical analyses using proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) also complimented to the non-immunogenic response to injected particulates. Altogether, the absence of any inflammatory/adverse reaction will open up myriad of opportunities for BaTiO3 based piezoelectric implantable devices in biomedical applications.

Experimental study on penetration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus in different depths

The exposing of dental implant into the maxillary sinus combined with membrane perforation might increase risks of implant failure and sinus complications.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the dental implant penetration into the maxillary sinus cavity in different depths on osseointegration and sinus health in a dog model. Material and MethodsSixteen titanium implants were placed in the bilateral maxillary molar areas of eight adult mongrel dogs, which were randomly divided into four groups according to the different penetrating extents of implants into the sinus cavities (group A: 0 mm; group B: 1 mm; group C: 2 mm; group D: 3 mm). The block biopsies were harvested five months after surgery and evaluated by radiographic observation and histological analysis. ResultsNo signs of inflammatory reactions were observed in any maxillary sinus of the eight dogs. The tips of the implants with penetrating depth of 1 mm and 2 mm were found to be fully covered with newly formed membrane and partially with new bone. The tips of the implants with penetrating depth over 3 mm were exposed in the sinus cavity and showed no membrane or bone coverage. No significant differences were found among groups regarding implant stability, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area in the implant threads (BA). ConclusionsDespite the protrusion extents, penetration of dental implant into the maxillary sinus with membrane perforation does not compromise the sinus health and the implant osseointegration in canine.

Differences in degradation behavior of two non-cross-linked collagen barrier membranes: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Collagen barrier membranes are used in guided bone regeneration/guided tissue regeneration because of their excellent bio- and cytocompatibility. However, they are considered to have limitations in clinical outcome because of rapid and unpredictable degradation profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation behavior of two porcine-based, non-cross-linked collagen membranes in vitro and in vivo. Remaix™ (RX; Matricel GmbH, Herzogenrath, Germany) and Bio-Gide® (BG; Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) membranes were characterized by testing mechanical strength, denaturation temperature, enzymatic degradation and hydroxyproline content in vitro (n = 5 up to 16). Thereafter, both membranes were implanted subcutaneously in rats (n = 20) for up to 20 weeks to investigate tissue compatibility with respect to membrane thickness. BG contained a significant higher hydroxyproline content compared with RX, but RX showed a higher stress at break (dry: 11.4 (SD 2.9) vs. 5.5 (SD 1.5) N/mm(2)), higher suture retention (wet: 5.6 (SD 1.3) vs. 2.7 (SD 0.7) N), increased denaturation temperature (55.1 (SD 1) vs. 49.4 (SD 0.6)°C) and an almost twofold reduction in degradation rate (15.6% (SEM 1.3)/h vs. 24.8% (SEM 2.9)/h) in vitro. In the rat model, both membranes showed excellent tissue compatibility without signs of inflammatory reactions. Shortly after implantation, RX and BG showed moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells that appeared not to be influenced by the surface texture of the membranes. In the histomorphometric analysis, both membranes showed significant different thickness over the 20 weeks period (P = 0.0002). Although the thickness remained almost stable during the first 9 weeks after implantation, after 20 weeks, the thickness of RX decreased only slightly, whereas BG showed a thickness loss of around 50% and stronger degradation than RX. Therefore, the higher stability of RX against biodegradation found in vitro was confirmed in the animal study. This study shows differences in the biodegradation characteristics of two non-cross-linked collagen membranes in vitro and in vivo. Whether the higher stability of RX is of clinical relevance should be analyzed in future clinical investigations.

Severe vitamin D deficiency induced myopathy associated with rhabydomyolysis

Severe vitamin D deficiency induced myopathy associated with rhabydomyolysis

Transplantation of autologous chondrocytes seeded on a fibrin/hyaluronic acid composite gel into vocal fold in rabbits: Preliminary results

Injection laryngoplasty is an option for treatment of glottic insufficiency following vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold atrophy or scarring. We intended to evaluate the plausibility of autologous chondrocytes cultured with fibrin/hyaluronic acid (HA) for permanent vocal fold augmentation. Chondrocytes from rabbit auricular cartilage were expanded and cultured with fibrin/HA composite gel. 0.1 mL dosages of fibrin/HA gel with autologous chondrocytes were injected into the left vocal folds of six rabbits. Four months postoperatively, the site was evaluated endoscopically, histologically, and radiologically. None of the six rabbits showed signs of respiratory distress. Computed tomography images and endoscopic evaluation revealed sufficient augmentation volume of the injected vocal fold. Histologic data showed that the injected material did not migrate from their original insertion site. Even though the number of chondrocyte that settled down and survived in the injected site was varying in rabbits, chondrocytes successfully formed neo-cartilage at four months postoperatively in all cases. Histologically, the grafts showed no signs of inflammatory reaction and were covered with ciliated epithelium. The chondrocytes cultured with fibrin/HA could be a plausible injection material for vocal fold augmentation.