Abstract
The exposing of dental implant into the maxillary sinus combined with membrane perforation might increase risks of implant failure and sinus complications.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the dental implant penetration into the maxillary sinus cavity in different depths on osseointegration and sinus health in a dog model. Material and MethodsSixteen titanium implants were placed in the bilateral maxillary molar areas of eight adult mongrel dogs, which were randomly divided into four groups according to the different penetrating extents of implants into the sinus cavities (group A: 0 mm; group B: 1 mm; group C: 2 mm; group D: 3 mm). The block biopsies were harvested five months after surgery and evaluated by radiographic observation and histological analysis. ResultsNo signs of inflammatory reactions were observed in any maxillary sinus of the eight dogs. The tips of the implants with penetrating depth of 1 mm and 2 mm were found to be fully covered with newly formed membrane and partially with new bone. The tips of the implants with penetrating depth over 3 mm were exposed in the sinus cavity and showed no membrane or bone coverage. No significant differences were found among groups regarding implant stability, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area in the implant threads (BA). ConclusionsDespite the protrusion extents, penetration of dental implant into the maxillary sinus with membrane perforation does not compromise the sinus health and the implant osseointegration in canine.
Highlights
While a limited amount of bone is generally present at the edentulous posterior maxilla due to atrophy of alveolar ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, several techniques have been GHVFULEHG LQ ZKLFK GHQWDO LPSODQWV DUH LQVHUWHG PDUJLQDOO\ WR WKH ERQ\ VLQXV ÀRRU ZLWK D ORFDOL]HG augmentation procedure[3,18]
Some investigators FODLPHG WKDW WKH PHPEUDQH SHUIRUDWLRQ ZDV VWURQJO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI SRVWRSHUDWLYH sinus infection[6,22] ZKLOH RWKHUV DVVXPHG WKDW WKHUH ZDV D FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ LPSODQW IDLOXUH DQG VLQXV membrane perforation8,11,13 +RZHYHU FOLQLFLDQV KDYH generally reported that slight membrane perforation DIWHU LPSODQW SODFHPHQW GRHV QRW SOD\ D VLJQL¿FDQW role in the clinical outcome[4,15,19]
In group D, the parts of implants that had been penetrated into the sinus cavity for PP ZHUH WRWDOO\ H[SRVHG LQ WKH VLQXV FDYLW\ ZLWK the membrane surrounding the base of protruding SDUWV )LJXUH G 1R VLJQV RI LQÀDPPDWLRQ ZHUH observed in the sinus membranes of all samples
Summary
While a limited amount of bone is generally present at the edentulous posterior maxilla due to atrophy of alveolar ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, several techniques have been GHVFULEHG LQ ZKLFK GHQWDO LPSODQWV DUH LQVHUWHG PDUJLQDOO\ WR WKH ERQ\ VLQXV ÀRRU ZLWK D ORFDOL]HG augmentation procedure[3,18]. Since these approaches have become conventional treatments in Implant Dentistry, the risk of exposing the implant to the maxillary sinus increased. WKH\ ODFN ZHOOGH¿QHG RXWFRPH FULWHULD RU FRQWURO In order to help clinicians to make proper surgical GHFLVLRQV GDWD RQ D PRUH FRQWUROOHG VFLHQWL¿F OHYHO is necessary to be provided
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