Sigmoid Colostomy Research Articles

Abernethy malformation

A 59-years-old woman presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of intermittent hematemesis and melena. The patient had a history of stage IV cervical cancer, sigmoid colostomy (because of rectovaginal fistula). A complete blood count showed normocytic anemia (79 g/l) and other laboratory evaluation showed the elevation of ammonia (38 µmol/l). The total bilirubin, transaminase and creatinine level were normal. Upper endoscopy revealed hemorrhage of esophageal varices that was stopped by local treatment with the combinations of spraying hemostatic and sclerotherapy (Figure 1). The CT-scan revealed no cirrhosis and liver lesion but did 10 show the absence of the portal vein with a complete extrahepatic shunt of the portal blood, considered Abernethy Malformation Ib (Figure 2,3), determined to be the possible reason of esophageal varices and megalosplenia. The old patient suffered from first-onset gastrointestinal bleeding and was diagnosed the only curative treatment is liver transplantation. This patient was stopped bleeding and transferred to cancer center for tumor therapy.

Post-colostomy internal hernia of the stomach treated with laparoscopic gastropexy: a case report

BackgroundInternal hernias are formed by the protrusion of internal organs through an aperture formed congenitally or postoperatively. Internal hernias are most commonly associated with the small intestine. Only two cases of a post-sigmoid colostomy internal hernia of the stomach have been reported. This hernia arises from the space between the lifted sigmoid colon and the left abdominal wall. In the two aforementioned cases, treatment comprised suturing of the sigmoid colon to the lateral abdominal wall and changing of the intraperitoneal route to an extraperitoneal one. Herein, we present a very rare case who underwent laparoscopic gastropexy for a post-sigmoid colostomy internal hernia of the stomach.Case presentationOur patient, a 67-year-old woman, was undergoing chemoradiation for rectal cancer and planned to undergo abdominoperineal resection. However, tumor perforation resulted in a high fever and a right gluteal abscess; therefore, a sigmoid colostomy was performed through the intraperitoneal route in the left lower abdomen. One month after the surgery, the patient presented to our emergency room with vomiting, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. Computed tomography revealed a markedly distended stomach caused by the obstruction of the pylorus secondary to the colostomy; laparoscopic gastropexy was performed subsequently and the postoperative course was uneventful.ConclusionsThis is the first report on the laparoscopic gastropexy treatment of a post-sigmoid colostomy internal hernia of the stomach; our findings may help physicians manage such hernias.

A rare presentation of OEIS variant with a recto-bladder neck fistula: A case report and literature review.

IntroductionOmphalocele, bladder extrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defect (known as OEIS) is a very rare congenital anomaly with an unknown etiology. In this report we describe a case of an OEIS variant associated with a wide pubic diastasis, bladder extrophy with a recto-bladder neck fistula and a high ano-rectal malformation. This work has been reported in line with the SCARE 2020 criteria.Presentation of the caseA 30-year-old mother delivered a male baby at 39 weeks through a normal vaginal delivery. Examination revealed multiple congenital anomalies in the form of an Omphalocele, extrophied bladder, imperforate anus, ambiguous genitalia and a large pelvic diastasis. Fecal matter was noted at the most inferior point of the extrophied bladder, raising the suspicion of a recto- vesical fistula.An exploratory laparotomy showed a fistula between the rectum and the neck of the extrophied bladder. A sigmoid colostomy was carried out in addition to a mucous fistula. The fascial defect of the Omphalocele was approximated to the upper border of the extrophied bladder.At the age of 2 years, the baby underwent a bladder extrophy repair, a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and bilateral osteotomies.DiscussionOEIS complex has been reported to occur with a wide variety of associated anomalies, and this necessitates a thorough investigation in order to formulate an appropriate treatment plan. A prenatal diagnosis of OEIS complex can be made by ultrasound stressing the importance of antenatal follow up and a multidisciplinary approach in management.ConclusionWe described a rare variant of an OEIS complex and management of such anomalies requires a multidisciplinary input.

Outcomes of Major Neonatal Gastrointestinal Emergency: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: In a gastrointestinal emergency, neonatal surgery is a very challenging and difficult task causing high morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, the frequencies of such emergency management are not very available. For this reason, we do have not enough research-based information regarding the outcomes and effectiveness of major neonatal gastrointestinal emergency management. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes and effectiveness of major neonatal gastrointestinal emergency management. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In total 35 neonates with gastrointestinal emergency treated in the mentioned hospital were included as the study subjects for this study. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. All data were processed and analyzed and disseminated by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need. Results: In this study, as palliative procedures, Sigmoid colostomy, Transverse colostomy, Gastrostomy, Ileostomy were applied in 26%, 17%, 14%, and 6% of participants respectively. Besides these, as definitive surgical procedures Perforation repair and Exploratory lap with release of the band were applied in 20% and 14% of patients respectively which were noticeable. In outcome analysis, we observed, as the incidences of postoperative complication sepsis, wound infection, anopia, and anal stenosis occurred in 14%, 11%, 6%, and 3% respectively. Finally, in this intervention occurrence of death was found at 26%. Conclusion: Now a day, pediatrics surgery has evolved as a specialty within the province of general surgery. But till now, the management of neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies is a very complex and difficult task for any physician or a team of physicians in any part of the world. Prompt patient transportation, earlier primary diagnosis and the arrangement of modern treatment facilities, and arranging high-tech medical equipment can save a lot of babies from such health issues as gastrointestinal emergencies.

Trans-fistula Anorectoplasty (TFARP) in the Management of Anorectal Malformation (ARM) with Recto Vestibular Fistula (RVF) in Females: A Retrospective Study

Aim: To determine the outcome of trans-fistula anorectoplasty (TFARP) in female children having anorectal malformation with recto-vestibular fistula.
 Study Design: A retrospective study.
 Place and Duration: Department of pediatric surgery during the period of February 2018 to February 2020.
 Methodology: A total of 87 female children who have imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula from the age of 3 months to 6 years were included in this study. Initially, we have started this technique with the covering sigmoid colostomy, then TFARP after 12 weeks interval & once new anus healed and hegar dilatation achieved then sigmoid colostomy closed after 24 weeks of the first procedure. When we were experienced then we start TFARP as a single-stage procedure. Post-operative data regarding early complications of local wound infections, prolapse of the rectal mucosa, and late complications for anal stenosis, rectal prolapse, and scarring in the perineal body were collected up to 2-3 months respectively.
 Results: A total of 87 patients were included in this study. The average operative time was 40 minutes. The total days of hospital stay were 3 to 5 days. Regarding early complications, skin excoriation was present in 21 (24%) followed by vaginal tear in 17 (19%) cases. Mucosal prolapse was a late complication observed in 17 (20%) cases. Continence was good (Score 0) in 33 (38%) cases, while it was fair (score 1) in 36 (41%) cases.
 Conclusion: Primary repair of recto-vestibular fistula by Trans-fistula anorectoplasty in children is a feasible procedure that has a good cosmetic appearance and anal continence. Single-stage reconstruction is possible in children with satisfactory results. It produces less morbidity and is a more efficient procedure.

Endourological Management of a Case of Rectourethral Fistula in Post Bullhorn Injury

Bull horn injuries are common in rural India. We hereby report one such case causing urethrorectal fistula and managed endourologically. The patient presented with a history of bull horn injury in the perineum with the inability to pass urine. On examination, under anesthesia, induration in the anus and anterior wall of the rectum was found with passage of urine per rectum. Initially, sigmoid colostomy and suprapubic cystostomy were done. Later, cystoscopy-guided endodilatation, followed by per urethral catheterization was done. The patient was catheterized for 3 weeks and the fistula healed completely.

Colonic anastomotic fistula treated by endoscopic over-the-scope clip with fibrin glue

Enterocutaneous fistula is a severe complication of gastrointestinal surgery, often associated with abdominal infection, bleeding, malnutrition, and multiple organ dysfunction. Among the early stages of enterocutaneous fistula, the active promotion of spontaneous healing of enterocutaneous fistula is crucial for the treatment of enterocutaneous fistula. Herein, we present a case of enterocutaneous fistula occurring in a 55-year-old Chinese male patient. The patient was operated on by sigmoid diverticulum perforation and underwent partial sigmoid resection and colostomy. Four months later and stoma reversal was done, after which the incision went through repeat infection. He presented to the outpatient department with a sinus tract within the median abdominal incision and pus in abdominal drainage. He was then diagnosed with a colonic anastomotic fistula after computer tomography and fistulography. The successful closure of the fistula confirmed by colonogram was achieved within 2 weeks by the treatment of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) combined with fibrin glue. Our case shows that the approaches of OTSC and fibrin glue are expected to be a promising and novel strategy for treating enterocutaneous fistulas.

Isolated Fungating Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Anal Canal Carcinoma – A Rare Case Report

Anal canal cancer is the least common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Main risk factors include infection with human papillomavirus strains, immunosuppression, multiple sexual partners, and receptive anal intercourse. We present a rare case of anal canal carcinoma with fungating right axillary lymph node metastasis. A 65-year-old farmer had presented to the surgical department with complaints of bleeding per rectum and ulceration around the anus for 6 months. He also gives a history of fecal incontinence and right axillary swelling. On examination, there was an ulcer around the anus circumferentially with everted edges and indurated base. There were multiple enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes and fungating right axillary lymph node. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis revealed features suggestive of neoplastic etiology of anal canal. Biopsy of ulcer margin and axillary lymph node was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the whole body revealed no other site metastatic foci. The patient underwent diversion sigmoid colostomy and was started on chemoradiation (Nigro regimen). The patient had very good response to the regimen, and follow-up PET/CT scan showed no active uptake in the tumor foci.

Adenocarcinoma occurring from a sigmoid colostomy 20years after Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer: A case report.

Cancer arising from the stoma is relatively rare. There is no established surgical procedure for stomal cancer. Furthermore, when a subcutaneous lymphovascular invasion occurs, there is no consensus on whether lymph node dissection along the lymph flow is required. We diagnosed colorectal cancer 20years after radical resection of rectal cancer. We encountered a 70-year-old man who had undergone Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer 20years before consultation. Colonoscopy revealed a 30-mm-sized sub-pedunculated polyp with a base at the stoma, and a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was detected. Approximately 30mm of the intestinal tract, including the stoma and skin in contact with the tumor, was resected. Pathological examination revealed submucosal invasive cancer with infiltration into the resected skin dermis and invasion of lymphatic vessels under the mucosa. Surgical margins were negative. It is thought that several causes overlap for stomal cancer, although a clear cause of occurrence is yet to be identified. However, as no established surgical procedure exists, the necessity for resection of the lymph nodes without exposure appears indisputable. Although it was reported that skin or subcutaneous metastasis in colorectal cancer is generally regarded as a symptom of systemic metastasis, opinions on the subcutaneous dissection margin of stomal cancer are rarely discussed. Stomal cancer can be observed macroscopically without colonoscopy. Patients and staff engaged in stoma care should be fully aware that continuous observation of the stoma is necessary even after rectal cancer surveillance is complete.

Transverse Colostomy Differs in Outcomes Compared to Sigmoid Colostomy: A Cohort Analysis

Purpose Our aim was to identify any differences in outcomes following transverse versus sigmoid colostomy creation for management of cancer. Methods Transverse and sigmoid colostomies are used to manage cancer-related complications including obstruction, perforation, and fistulation. The decision to use either colostomy is largely based on the surgeon’s preference and the location of the cancer complication. All patients treated for cancer complications with the use of a sigmoid or transverse colostomy at National University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were included. Patient characteristics and distribution frequencies were reported based on the operation performed. Post procedure morbidity and mortality was compared. Univariate and subgroup analysis were performed. Results This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 93 patients who underwent a colostomy creation over a 5-year duration. Of the 93 patients included, 56 underwent a transverse colostomy (median age 59, 26 male, 30 female) and 37 a sigmoid colostomy (median age 64, 20 male, 17 female). According to univariate analysis, higher rates of stoma prolapse were seen patients with transverse colostomies. There were no differences in complications between a laparoscopic or open approach. There were no differences in the rate of other postoperative complications. Conclusion Sigmoid colostomies were associated with a lower prolapse rate compared to transverse colostomies for cancer management. The manner of surgical approach did not affect rate of postoperative complications.

Rectal metastasis from bladder urothelial carcinoma: a case report

BackgroundUrothelial carcinoma arises from transitional cells in the urothelial tract. In advanced cases, it can metastasize locally to surrounding organs or distally to organs such as the lungs, bones, or liver. Here we describe a case of rectal metastasis from urothelial carcinoma treated with multiple sessions of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Case presentationA 72-year-old woman presented to our department with abdominal bloating andobstructed defecation. She had undergone two sessions of TURBT for early urothelial carcinoma in another hospital at 64 and 65 months ago, respectively. Cystoscopy at 3 months after the second TURBT session had indicated disease recurrence, and thus, she had been referred to our hospital for further examination, followed by TURBT for the third time at 59 months ago and for the fourth time at 48 months ago; thereafter, she had been followed up with cystoscopy every 6 months without any recurrence. However, she returned to our hospital, complaining of difficult defecation. Subsequent colonoscopy demonstrated an obstructive tumor in the rectum, which was pathologically diagnosed as metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Laparoscopic examination revealed two small areas of peritoneal dissemination in the pelvis. A sigmoid colostomy was performed without rectal tumor resection. She has been receiving chemotherapy and is still alive 10 months after surgery.ConclusionsRectal metastasis is a rare site of metastasis for urothelial carcinomas. It is important to consider the possibility of annular rectal constriction caused by infiltrating or metastasizing urothelial carcinoma when managing patients with urothelial carcinoma and with difficult defecation.

Sacral chordoma with incidental rectal adenocarcinoma: a case report

BackgroundWe report a unique case of synchronous sacrococcygeal chordoma in association with rectal invasive adenocarcinoma. Retrorectal tumors are a rare disease caused by a variety of pathologies. To our knowledge, no prior cases of such a coincidental finding of both cancers have been reported in the literature.Case presentationThis is the case of a 74-year-old white middle eastern man, with known hypertension under treatment, who presented with complaints of progressive lower back pain associated with urinary incontinence over the past 12 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis showed a large midline, well-defined, oval-shaped lesion replacing the sacrococcygeal portion of the spine, with extension to the presacral region. Computed tomography (CT)-guided Tru-Cut biopsy revealed features suggestive of chordoma. At surgery, we performed excision of the entire mass en bloc, sacrectomy with rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction and end sigmoid colostomy. Surgical histopathology proved it to be sacral dedifferentiated chordoma and rectal invasive adenocarcinoma. Overall, the patient recovered well postoperatively, was discharged home with functional stoma and on permanent Foley catheter use.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the only reported case of such a presentation, and sheds light on the approach and management. We hope that reporting such a case will add value to the medical literature.

Intestinal Obstruction Due to Giant Bilateral Krukenberg’s Tumors Synchronous of Colorectal Origin

Giant bilateral Krukenberg tumors are rarely seen, especially causing complications due to their size. We present a 35-year-old female, diagnosed with carcinoma rectum one year back, now presented to us with intestinal obstruction features. Imaging was suggestive of features of acute intestinal obstruction. Intraoperatively, we found that the patient had bilateral giant ovarian cysts, which compressed the proximal part of the descending colon, causing the obstruction. The patient underwent bilateral excision of the ovarian cyst with diversion sigmoid colostomy. Postoperatively the patient was started on palliative chemotherapy.

WITHDRAWN: Hirschsprung disease masquerading as patent vitello-intestinal duct

Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is usually presented early in the neonatal period with delayed or no passage of meconium up to 48 hours, with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. A 3-month-old baby boy with a history of neonatal asphyxia presented a 2-week duration of umbilical redness and a foul-smelling greenish discharge. He was treated for omphalitis and was given oral antibiotics, but later developed feeding intolerance and abdominal distension with no bowel opening. The abdomen was grossly distended, tense with erythematous umbilicus, and a greenish discharge from the umbilical punctum. A plain abdominal radiography showed dilated bowels. With the impression of complicated patent vitello-intestinal duct, the baby was subjected for an emergency laparotomy. Intraoperatively, there was a grossly dilated and inflamed sigmoid colon with a 5 mm perforation on the sigmoid colon. It formed a direct communication to the umbilical defect, forming a colo-umbilical fistula. The perforation site was resected and brought out as a sigmoid colostomy. The resected perforation site showed an acute inflammation with the presence of ganglionic cells, histologically. Since HD is highly suspicious, a suction rectal biopsy was performed postoperatively and revealed typical features of HD. Subsequently, the patient underwent the Duhamel procedure; the stoma was brought down and anastomosed with the anal canal. Despite the typical presentation of HD, it can also present enterocolitis, and to some extent, a bowel perforation. In this case, we were fortunate that the bowel perforation formed a direct fistulation to the umbilicus, instead of free perforation inside the peritoneal cavity, causing peritonitis or a less favourable outcome.

LAPROSCOPIC ASSISTED SWENSON PULL-THROUGH FOR CLASSIC HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE WITH SIGMOID COLOSTOMY: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

OBJECTIVE: To share our experience of laparoscopic assisted Swenson pull-through for classic Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) with sigmoid colostomy. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with HD and sigmoid colostomy operated in Pediatric Surgery department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, between June 2014 and June 2018 were included. Patients with long segment HD, and those operated elsewhere were excluded from the study. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative findings and post operative course were retrieved from files. Post-operative outcome at 3rd, 6th and 12th month follow ups were taken from follow up charts. RESULTS: Mean age and weight of patients were 13.23±1.76 months and 7.89±1.42 kg, respectively. Male to female ratio was 6.75:1. Mean operative time, duration of urinary catheterization and hospital stay were 171.87±15.76 min, 0.79±1.02 days and 5.91±1.01 days, respectively. After surgery, stool consistency was liquid in 12 (61.29% ) and loose in 12 (38.7 %) patients. However, stool frequency was >3 times/day in 10 (32.25%) cases, 2-3 times/day in 18 (58.06%) patients and 0-1 time/day in 3 (9.67% ) patients. Surgical site infection and perianal excoriation were seen in 2 (6.45%) and 11 (35.48%) patients, respectively. Progressive improvement in stool consistency and frequency was noticed at 12th month follow up. Perianal excoriation was seen 11 (35.48%) patients at 3rd month, 6 (19.35% ) patients at 6th and 1 (3.22%) patient at 12th month follow up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic assisted Swenson pull-through is a good treatment option for patient with recto-sigmoid HD and bears a predictable and acceptable stooling pattern, optimum hospital stay and minimal complications.

Impact of "Lateralizing" the Sigmoid Colostomy on Port Ergonomics in Laparoscopic Anorectoplasty for High Anorectal Malformations.

The high-type anorectal malformations (ARM) are conventionally managed by an initial left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy, followed by laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LARP). Such a stoma occupies left half of the infraumbilical region and hinders the LARP ergonomics, leading to the surgeon's discomfort. We studied the outcome and impact of "lateralizing" (shifting laterally in the abdominal wall) the colostomy on port ergonomics. This prospective study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit of a medical college in central India between March 2014 and June 2017 in two parts. In the first part of the study, neonates with high ARM were block randomized in two groups: conventional colostomy (CC) in left iliac fossa and lateral colostomy (LC, laterally placed abdominal colostomy). Outcomes of colostomy were compared among these two groups. In the second part of the study, 40 consecutive infants from both types of colostomy groups underwent ergonomic comparison and assessment of the surgeon's discomfort during LARP (CC-LARP and LC-LARP). Standard statistical tests were used for comparison. In the first part of the study, 203 ARM cases were included in this study; 100 underwent CC and 103 underwent LC. Colostomy prolapse, excoriation, reversed stoma, and short distal limb were significantly higher in the CC group. In the second part of the study, the LC-LARP group showed many significant advantages over the CC-LARP group, including less peri-stomal adhesions, better vision, shorter operative time, and better ergonomics (better manipulation, elevation, and azimuth angles). The LC-LARP also significantly reduced the surgeon's discomfort. Lateralization of high-sigmoid colostomy should be preferred over left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy for ARM, as it improves the port ergonomics and reduces the surgeon's discomfort for second stage LARP.

A Rare Case of Isolated Sigmoid Colon Perforation in Patient with Blunt Trauma Abdomen

A 47 years old male presented to emergency department with history of pain abdomen after road traffic accident 6 hours back. He had deceleration injury while driving a minivan when he hit a truck parked on road side. On presentation, his Airway and breathing was intact with GCS 15/15.Pulse was 110/min and blood pressure was 100/70 mmHg. His abdomen was generalized tender, mostly in the hypogastrium. Digital rectal examination was normal. Ultrasound abdomen showed free fluid in the peritoneal cavity and chest and abdominal X-rays were unremarkable. On opening the abdomen there was 7×7 cm isolated perforation in sigmoid colon 5 cm proximal to recto sigmoid junction. Repair of perforation was done and proximal double barrel sigmoid colostomy was made. Patient was discharged on 3rd post-operative day. Later after 4 months reversal of sigmoid colostomy was done and patient was discharged.

Comparison of frequency of complications in loop versus divided colostomy in patients with high variety anorectal malformation

Background: The objective of this study was to compare frequency of stoma related complications of loop versus divided sigmoid colostomy for the management of high variety anorectal malformations. Methodology: This RCT was conducted in the department of Pediatrics Surgery Department of the Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health Lahore, for the period of one year from 1st May 2016 to 1st June 2017. One hundred and twenty patients (Sixty patients in each group) of anorectal malformation meeting inclusion criteria were taken in this study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly using lottery method; loop sigmoid colostomy in Group-A and divided sigmoid colostomy in Group-B. After surgeries patients were followed weekly up till 8 weeks. Stoma related complications (as per operational definition) were noted. Results: The mean age in group –A and group-B were 3.34 ± 1.12 days and 3.36 ± 0.97 days, respectively. In group – A there were 52(86.67%) male and 8(13.33%) females, and in group-B there were 45(75%) male and 15(25%) female patients. In group-A 22(36.66%) patients had complications [3(5.00%) patients had retraction, 8(13.33%) had prolapse, 4(6.67%) had stoma obstruction, parastomal hernia were seen in 4(6.67%), stoma necrosis were seen in 3 (5.00%)] and in group-B, 16(26.66%) patients had different complications [1(1.67%) patients had retraction, 3(5.00%) had prolapse, 5(8.33%) had stoma obstruction, parastomal hernia were seen in 2(3.3%), stoma necrosis were seen 5(8.33%)]. The complications in group-A were higher when compared to group-B, but (p-value = 0.650) were not significant statistically except for stoma prolapse. Conclusion: Though complication rate in both techniques is not statistically different but frequency of stoma prolapse is more in loop colostomy group. Therefore, divide colostomy should be opted as preferred technique.

The outcome of two stage repair in anorectal malformations with rectovestibular fistula.

Wound infection and dehiscence after recto vestibular fistula repair may affect the fecal continent mechanisms. A significant number of children with anorectal malformations have long term social, economic and psychological problems due to fecal incontinence. The role of protective colostomy should not be under estimated especially when you are treating the children from poor socioeconomic settings with compromised nutritional status. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of two stage limited posterior sagittal anorectoplasty with protective colostomy in female patients of congenital recto vestibular fistula. Study Design: Prospective study. Settings: Department of Pediatric Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal. Period: January 2016 to December 2018. Material & Methods: Thirty four girls with anorectal malformation and recto vestibular fistula underwent two stage anorectoplasty. Divided sigmoid colostomy and limited posterior sagittal anorectoplasty was performed in first stage. Six to eight weeks later stoma was closed in second stage. All the patients were evaluated for fecal continence, constipation, bowel function and complications of stoma formation, definite procedure and stoma closure. Results: The age distribution of patients at the time of surgery ranged from 9 months to 5 years (mean 27.32 months). During the first stage of repair, three patients (8.82 %) developed wound infection. Mucosal prolapse was seen in two patients (5.88%). Anal stenosis was noticed in one patient (2.94%). Seven patients (20.58%) developed peri stoma skin excoriation. Stoma prolapse was observed in three patients (8.82%). Four patients (11.76%) developed wound infection after colostomy closure. During the follow up period, constipation was reported in five patients (14.70%) and soiling in one patient (2.94%). Conclusion: Two stage correction of congenital recto vestibular fistula under the cover of colostomy is safe strategy. It is strongly recommended in a setup with limited resources and weak infrastructure. It is also useful for patients from poor socioeconomic settings.

Gluteal-fold flap repair of rectovaginal fistula caused by aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate-tannic acid injection for internal hemorrhoids: a case report

BackgroundRectovaginal fistula (RVF) following aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate-tannic acid (ALTA) injection therapy for hemorrhoids is a rare complication. We report the first case of RVF after ALTA injection therapy successfully treated by gluteal-fold flap.Case presentationA 49-year-old female suffered from a fever and rectal ulcer after undergoing internal hemorrhoid treatment with a submucosal ALTA injection at a previous clinic. One week after ALTA therapy, she noted obvious passage of flatus and stool through the vagina, and was diagnosed with RVF by anoscope at another clinic. She was referred to our hospital 3 weeks after ALTA therapy. Sigmoid colostomy was performed for fecal diversion as a preliminary step for fistula repair. However, the fistula was scarred and the defect between the rectum and vagina did not improve at all. Ten months after ALTA therapy, we performed fistula repair by gluteal-fold flap. Seven months later, sigmoid-colostomy reversal was performed. The patient has experienced no RVF in the 3 years since sigmoid-colostomy reversal.ConclusionsThe gluteal-fold flap strategy is a useful option for severe RVF management.