Sick People Research Articles

The health burden of natural and technological disasters in Brazil from 2013 to 2021

Disasters deeply impact the health of the affected population and the economy of a country. The health burden of disasters in Brazil is underestimated and more studies are needed to underpin policies and actions for disaster risk reduction. This study analyzes and describes disasters that occurred in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. The Integrated Disaster Information System (S2iD) was accessed to obtain demographic data, disaster data according to Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disasters (COBRADE), and health outcome data (number of dead, injured, sick, unsheltered, displaced, and missing individuals and other outcomes). Database preparation and analysis were performed in Tableau. In total, 98.62% (50,481) of the disasters registered in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 are natural, with a significant increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a biological disaster. This disaster group also caused the highest number of deaths (321,111), as well as injured (208,720) and sick (7,041,099) people. By analyzing data for each geographic region, we observed differences regarding disasters frequency and their health outcomes. In Brazil, climatological disasters are the most frequent (23,452 events) and occur mainly in the Northeast region. Geological disasters have the highest lethality, which are more common in the Southeast; however, the most common disasters in the South and Southeast are those of the meteorological and hydrological groups. Therefore, since the greatest health outcomes are associated with disasters predicted in time and space, public policies for the prevention and management of disasters can reduce the impacts of these events.

"Vá para casa, seu idoso!" Ageísmo na pandemia da covid-19: netnografia na plataforma Youtube™

Abstract Objective To analyze the repercussions of ageism directed at older people during covid-19, through the content available on the Youtube™ platform. Method Netnographic, exploratory and qualitative study, whose data were collected in videos on the Youtube™ platform; a thematic analysis of Bardin's content was performed and the elements were discussed in the light of the Theory of Stigma. Results Three categories explain the repercussions of the investigated phenomenon: expressions of ageism pre-existing to the pandemic, with expressions of exclusion, disregard and disrespect; expressions of ageism during the pandemic from the risk group label that strengthens stereotypes of sick and incapable people; and feelings and attitudes of the older people towards the repercussions of ageism, which led to repercussions on social interactions, lifestyle and health of older people. Conclusions The repercussions can cause physical, cognitive, social and psychic sequelae, and the fight against its impacts starts from the educational sphere towards a social pact that allows a respectful and empathetic coexistence between generations.

HEPATITIS A. THE FEATURES OF DISEASE COURSE IN ADULTS.

The aim: To analyze the incidence of Hepatitis A in Ukraine and Poltava region and to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the course of Hepatitis A in adult patients. Materials and methods: The course of HA in 96 hospitalized patients was analyzed. The diagnosis of HA was established on the basis of clinical and epide¬miological data and confirmed by the results of laboratory studies (serological and molecular biological). Results: In 2019, in the Poltava region, there was an increase in the incidence of Hepatitis A with a predominance among sick people of working age, among the urban population. This part of people aged from 60 to 75 years old constitutes 9.4%. This study showed that the waterway was the dominant way of HA transmission. The course of the disease in most hospitalized patients was typical and cyclic, with a predominance of a mixed variant of the pre-jaundice period and jaundice. One third of patients survey that they had fever, which persisted with jaundice. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicates that the patients older than 40 years were more likely to have concomitant chronic pathology than younger patients, and Hepatitis A was more severe with the development of prolonged cholestasis, wave-like course and recurrence. In most patients under the age of 40, the course of Hepatitis A was mild, but splenomegaly and severe cytolytic syndrome were more common.

Suicides and their preventive interventions possibilities: are there some relationships between mechanisms and different mental disorders?

Suicides are one of the topics discussed around the world. This problem receives large space in scientific and professional literature, in order to eliminate its occurrence. Mechanisms of suicides are determined by whole spectrum of reasons determined by/depending on physical and psychological health. The objective of this work is to document the differences in mechanisms and realization of suicides by mentally sick people. Ten cases of suicides are reported in the article: three of which in people with a history of depression of the victim noted by family members, one with treated depression, three with anxiety-depressive disorder and three schizophrenic patients cases. There are five men and five women. Four of these women overdosed themselves by medicaments and one jumped out of a window. Two men shot themselves, two hanged themselves and one jumped out of a window. Persons without anamnestically proven psychiatric diseases end their lives mostly because of inconclusive situation or as a result of balancing their whole life (usually with good plan and preparation of the act). Persons with treatment of depression or anxiety-depressive disorder kill themselves mostly after several "unsuccessful" attempts. In case of victims with schizophrenia suicides follow a hardly predictable sequence of actions which sometimes do not seem to have any logic. Differences have been found between victims with and without mental disorders in ways of realization of suicides. Psychological predispositions in mood changes, long-term sadness and threatening suicide should be recognized by family members. Prevention of suicides in cases of people with a history of mental disorders is based on medical treatment and cooperation between the client and family members and a psychiatrist (Ref. 30). Keywords: forensic medicine, mental disorders, prevention, psychiatry, risk factors, suicides.

ENSURING THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE FOR GROUPS VULNERABLE TO HIV IN PENITENTIARY INSTITUTIONS AND PRE-TRIAL DETENTION CENTERS IN UKRAINE.

The aim: To consider the problems of penitentiary health care for groups vulnerable to HIV in penitentiary institutions and pre-trial detention centers in Ukraine, and to determine the state of implementation of the rights of prisoners to health care. Materials and methods: When writing this article, the authors used a number of scientific and special study methods: regulatory method, dialectical method, statistical method. We also conducted an anonymous survey of 150 released persons from penitentiary institutions and 25 medical workers from 7 penitentiary institutions and correctional colonies in different regions of Ukraine to assess the quality and availability of medical care for convicts vulnerable to HIV infection, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis. Conclusions: The right to health-care of convicted prisoners must be ensured in compliance with the principle of free choice of specialist according to health-care law, health-care standards and clinical protocols (in other words, amount and standards of health-care available for prisoners must be the same as that available for other people). In practice prisoners are thrown out of the national health-care system, and the Ministry of Justice is unable to meet all needs. This can have a disastrous result as the penitentiary system will produce sick people who pose threat for civil society.

Retracted: Outcome Prediction of Hematologic Malignancy in Critically Sick People.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/3234484.].

Risks of Sexual Activity in Elderly and/or Sick People: Review

Study objectives: The review aimed to provide information about risk of sexual activity in elderly and/or sick patients. Is there condition which reduces or increases the risk of sexuality under these circumstances?

Human monkeypox's Evolving Epidemiology: Is it a Threat?

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease that is caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Poxviridae family. Avoid close contact with animals, whether they are living or dead, especially in endemic areas where this could be a source of infection transmission to healthy people. Separate sick people from those who might be contaminated. Frontline medical staff should be instructed and trained to rigorously adhere to traditional safety practices when dealing with verified or suspected cases. At the nation's entry and exit points, vaccination booths should be placed in order to stop the global spread of this contagious disease. Through extensive public awareness initiatives, people should be informed about sickness prevention, risk factors, and treatments. The public health departments of every nation should be alert for any signs that someone may be suffering from an unusual rash.

Vaccine or Garlic-Is It a Choice? Awareness of Medical Personnel on Prevention of Influenza Infections.

Preventing the spread of the influenza virus is one of the primary health policy challenges of many countries worldwide. One of the more effective ways to prevent infection is influenza vaccination, and the people who enjoy the most public confidence in preventive health care are health workers (HWs). For this reason, it is crucial to study the attitudes of HWs toward influenza vaccination. The survey was conducted among 950 medical (physicians and nurses) and administrative staff in three academic hospitals. Respondents to the survey were selected on a random-target basis to represent hospital employees in the study best. The survey was conducted using the PAPI method between August and September 2020. Respondents considered hand washing (52.8%) and avoiding contact with sick people (49.3%) the most effective ways to prevent influenza infection. Three in ten respondents considered wearing a protective mask (30.1%) and getting vaccinated against influenza (29.9%) is fully effective in preventing influenza. Influenza vaccination as effective in preventing influenza virus infection was chosen more often by those who worked in a pediatric hospital. Nurses were twice less likely than physicians to declare that influenza vaccination prevents infection (42.4% for nurses vs. 84.0% for physicians). At the same time, 20.4% of nurses believed that eating garlic effectively prevented influenza infection, and 28.1% declared daily vitamin C helpful. The study pointed to significant educational gaps regarding the role and effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the process of influenza virus infection and indicated a firm belief in medical myths, especially in the nursing community, related to protection against influenza virus infection.

Application of Wavelet Transform and Fractal Analysis for Esophageal pH-Metry to Determine a New Method to Diagnose Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

In this paper, a new method for analysing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is shown. This novel method uses wavelet transform (WT) and wavelet-based fractal analysis (WBFA) on esophageal pH-metry measurements. The esophageal pH-metry is an important diagnostic tool supporting the physician’s work in diagnosing some forms of reflux diseases. Interpreting the results of 24-h pH-metry monitoring is time-consuming, and the conclusions of such an analysis can sometimes be too subjective. There is no strict procedure or reference values to follow when the impedance measurements are assessed. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop a point of reference for the assessment process, helping to distinguish healthy patients from GERD patients. In this approach, wavelet transform (WT) and wavelet-based fractal analysis (WBFA) were used to aid the diagnostic process. With this approach, it was possible to develop two efficient computer methods to classify healthy and sick patients based on the pH measurement data alone. The WT method provided a sensitivity value of 93.33%, with 75% specificity. The results of the fractal analysis confirmed that the tested signals have features that enable their automatic classification and assignment to a group of sick or healthy people. The article will be interesting for those studying the application of wavelet and fractal analysis in biomedical waveforms. The authors included in the work a description of the implementation of the fractal and wavelet analysis, the descriptions of the results of the analyses, and the conclusions drawn from them. The work will also be of interest to those who study the methods of using machine learning and artificial intelligence in computer-aided, automatic medical diagnostics.

The Legalization of Medical Marijuana: A Human Rights Law Perspective

The discourse on legalizing marijuana for medical purposes in Indonesia peaked when legislators discussed the draft law on the narcotics law amendment. Efforts to legalize marijuana for medical purposes have also been pursued by testing the narcotics law. However, through decision number 106/PUU-XVII/2020, the Constitutional Court prohibited medical marijuana as a medical treatment. From the Human Rights perspective, everyone has the right to life and health. Therefore, in society's logic, the prohibition of using marijuana for medical treatment is the same as forbidding sick people to stay alive. It means that the state has failed to guarantee its citizens' lives. But on the other hand, several countries legalized medical marijuana, such as Thailand, Turkey, Lebanon, Netherlands, and Spain. So, why is Indonesia still banning the use of medical marijuana? This research tries to find the legal reasoning of Indonesia's government in the medical marijuana case. These problems were then analyzed using the prescriptive method with a comparative approach to finding new concepts related to legalizing medical marijuana in Indonesia. This study indicates that medical marijuana may be legal in the future of Indonesia's regime. It demonstrates by Indonesian Ulema Council and the Ministry of Health's political wills. The research recommendations are to provide proper education about medical marijuana and the prospect of legalization in the future.

Adab Memuliakan Guru Perspektif KH. Ahmad Muthohar Bin Abdurrahman dalam Kitab Al-Akhlaq Al-Mardliyah Wa Al-Adab Al-Syar�iyyah

This study aims to deternine the etiquette of glorifying teachers from the perspective of KH. Ahmad Muthohar bin Abdurrahman in the Book of Al-Akhlaq Al-Mardhiyah wa Al-Adab Al-Syar'iyyah. This type of research is library research (library research), with data collection through literature (library method). This research was conducted using a qualitative data analysis approach and using content analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study, adab glorifies teachers from the perspective of KH. Ahmad Muthohar bin Abdurrahman there are many, the researcher explains only three, namely students seeking knowledge are intended only for Allah, students are likened to sick people (patients) needing doctors to recover, and upholding etiquette when students confide in teachers. The concept of adab glorifying teachers has been outlined by KH. Ahmad Muthohar bin Abdurrahman in the book Al-Akhlaq Al-Mardhiyah wa Al-Adab Al-Syar'iyyah can be applied in formal and non-formal school institutions.

Sustainable transformation of practices and outpatient clinics

Climate change as aconsequence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (CO2e) favors weather extremes. This challenges the healthcare system to cope with negative consequences and to remain functional at the same time. Despite rising costs and shortage of staff, sick people in an aging society must be increasingly cared for in aresource-efficient and climate-neutral manner without compromising the quality of care. This article summarizes current challenges for practices and outpatient clinics due to climate change and societal transformation. In addition, steps to implement transformative interventions are discussed. Selective literature review in PubMed database was conducted on the impact of climate change on the healthcare system, crisis resilience, climate management, overprescription, and co-benefits. Crisis-resilient practices are attuned to challenges resulting from climate change. Communicating co-benefits in the physician-patient conversation can accelerate the transformation to asustainable society. Rapidly changing environmental conditions require adaptation on the part of the healthcare system. Education and prevention are key to meet this challenge. Transformation to sustainable practices is an ongoing process and it represents aholistic concept that encompasses social, environmental, and economic aspects, which are interdependent and cannot be considered separately.

Communication Pattern in Blora Community of Tilik Tradition

Tilik is a tradition of visiting sick people that exists in Indonesian culture. This tradition is also found in Blora people. This study aims to describe the communication patterns of the Blora people in the tilik tradition. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using an ethnographic communication approach. The data is in the form of conversations between residents of Blora in carrying out the tradition of Tilik. Data were obtained by the participatory observation method. The results of the study show that there is a communication pattern of the Blora people when visiting sick people (Tilik). The first is an introduction that contains greetings and pleasantries, after that the main points of the conversation are asking about illnesses, discussing similar illnesses, and providing solutions and messages. Then it ends with a closing containing a prayer and asks for leave. The language used in the tilik tradition follows mastery of the language and depends on the level of familiarity of the speaker and the interlocutor. If both speakers are more familiar, they will use ngoko Javanese language or rough Javanese language. If both speakers are not too familiar, they will use the fine Javanese language (kromo) with the aim of respecting each other and maintaining each other's image. Health terminology is also often inserted when visiting sick people such as hospital, MRI, hospitalized, Emergency unit, EMG, etc

Актуальность оказания первой и медицинской помощи пострадавшим и больным на горнолыжных комплекса

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze causes, level and structure of traumatism and exacerbation of diseases among tourists at ski resorts in Russia and abroad; to consider problems of providing first and medical aid to injured and sick people and of conducting their medical evacuation at ski resorts in Russia. Materials and research methods. Normative and empirical base of the scientific research consisted of analytical materials of Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to traumatism and non-traumatic accidents in tourists, as well as of materials on the organization of first and medical care to the injured and sick at ski resorts. In addition, normative legal acts on rendering first and medical aid to the injured and sick, contained in two departmental orders, were analyzed. Research methods: literary-analytical and statistical methods, method of direct observation. Their use allowed a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, also it allowed to make theoretical generalizations and to formulate conclusions. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study have shown the need for further study of the specific conditions of first aid and medical assistance to injured and sick in the conditions of ski resorts, as well as the need to improve organizational measures to provide injured and sick with first aid and medical evacuation.

PP84 Change Management Of Patient Associations In Italy: From Emergency Response To Organizational Learning

IntroductionThe role of associations dedicated to patient advocacy has assumed strategic importance within the most advanced health systems, including the Italian NHS. In this period of strong national and international emergency, the associations of citizens and patients have also changed their actions and have implemented others to alleviate the discomforts of sick people in Italy, collaborating with institutions and health services.MethodsData were collected using a semi-structured survey, with both yes / no and open questions, developed and administered by the Patient Advocacy LAB (ALTEMS- Catholic University of Sacred Heart) to 150 patient advocacy associations. The organizational changes and the initiatives adopted by patient associations during the COVID-19 emergency was investigated.ResultsThe majority of the initiatives adopted by patient advocacy associations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been introduced during the first wave (March- June 2020), and that most of them have been maintained to (December 2020). These initiatives included improvements and updating of the communication tools aimed at reaching the higher number of patients. Thanks to these new approaches, the empathy and the assistance to patients have been increased. In addition, a number of training initiatives have been developed online and they have been followed by a large number of patients and caregivers. At an operative level, during the pandemic, many patient advocacy associations have provided their support to distribute masks, gloves, and therapies to patients. Unfortunately the fundraising activities suffered due to the lockdown, and the main problems were related to social distancing and lack of public campaigns. The institutional relationships have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and they mainly regarded the participation in legislative interventions. Among the initiatives adopted, our sampled associations affirmed that they would like to maintain the social support provided to patients experienced during the pandemic.Finally we calculated a resiliency score and we discovered that the majority of the sampled associations developed an intermediate level of resiliency and that it is positively correlated with their tenure.ConclusionsOur results provide a fresh view about the role of patient advocacy associations during the pandemic indicate their important role within the NHS.

INTEGRATION OF HEALTH WITH INDIAN TRADITIONAL SCIENCE

For centuries, Yoga and Ayurveda have been contributing an important role in health preservation. The great objective of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy persons. and to cure the diseases of sick people. in the same way Maharshi Patanjali has been said in Patanjaliyoga Sutra (1:2) Yogasyachittavrittinirodhait means that yoga is the removing of the fluctuation of the mind and experience oneness and union with real Devine. Both Yoga and Ayurveda does not promoteonly physical health, but also emphasize on holistic health. Health is not only a state of physical fitness but also physical, mental, social, spiritualwellbeing. Maharshi Shushruta has also said in the definition of health in Shushrut Samhita (15:38). Samadosha, samagnischa,samadhatumalakriyaha,PrasannaatmenindriyamanhSwasthyaityabhidheeyate.. Acharya Shushrutahasbeen defines health is an equilibrium stage of TriDosha(vata,pitta,kapha),Agni (Jathragni,Bhutagni,Dhatvagni).SaptaDhatu(Ras,Rakta,Mansa,Meda,Asthi,mjja,shukra)andregular excretion of mal (waste product i.e. Mutra, Purish, Sweda) and blissful state of senses, mind and soul, that person is completely healthy. Andalso, World Health Organization defines health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. And in the modern era, everyone is becoming aware of and following the principles of Yoga and Ayurveda to achieve the most optimal state of health and maintain holistic health. Only using Traditional Indian medical practices is it possible to achieve total wellness.

ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDICATORS OF CARRIERS OF NOS2 GENE DIFFERENT ALLELIC VARIATIONS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Arterial stiffness indicators (reflected wave propagation time (RWTT), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), arterial stiffness index (ASI), augmentation index (AIx)) were assessed in healthy people and patients with arterial hypertension with different allelic variants of the NOS2 gene (rs1730017 (C>T), rs1800482 (G>C)). We examined healthy individuals (64 people, age 38.58 ± 2.19 years, 28 men and 36 women) and patients with AH (stage I-II) (36 people, age 38.04 ± 1.20 years , 20 men and 16 women). In the group of patients with AH, differences in ASI values between carriers of the T allele and CC genotype of rs1730017 (p = 0.036) and daily average AIx, AIx daily values in individuals with GG and GC + CC genotypes rs1800482 (G> C) were revealed (p = 0.049, p = 0.017, respectively). In the group of healthy people, a significant increase in daily AIx was found in carriers of the C allele at rs1800482 (p = 0.048). Carriage of the T allele by rs1730017, for which a protective effect on the development of AH has been previously shown, causes lower values of the arterial stiffness index in patients with this disease. The presence of the C allele of by rs1800482 in the genotype of healthy and sick people, associated with an increased risk of hypertension, is probably one of the reasons for the increase in AIx, as one of the indicators of arterial stiffness.

Epidemic Outbreak of COVID-19 in Foreign Closed Long-Term Care Facilities

Objective. Of particular interest is the incidence of COVID-19 in closed groups, in institutions, in particular, in nursing homes, geriatric centers, veterans' homes and neuropsychiatric boarding schools.Methods. Analysis and description of COVID-19 foci in closed long-term care facilities was carried out using literature sources from the MEDLINE medical information database using the PubMed electronic search engine, using the search query CARE HOME OR NURSING HOME OR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY AND COVID-19 AND OUTBREAK. The share of sick people as a percentage of the total number of residents and individual employees was considered only in those publications that described the outbreak of COVID-19 in a single institution. The absence of data on the number of hospitalizations and deaths, symptoms, and data on the time frame of the outbreak was not an exclusion criterion, but their presence was taken into account in the analysis. We selected mainly publications where people with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were considered to be ill with COVID-19. However, it is worth considering that the authors describe outbreaks during the first rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in the world, when there was a shortage of test systems for a new coronavirus infection.Results. An overview of the incidence of COVID-19 in the world in closed long-term care institutions is presented. It has been shown that residents of closed communities are elderly people with many concomitant diseases, in connection with which a severe course of COVID-19 and high mortality are often noted.Conclusion. Convictions about the need to strengthen the quality of anti-epidemic measures in closed long-term care institutions, which are at risk, are summarized.

COVID-19 Vaccination Rates and Factors Affecting Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant Women during the Pandemic Period in Turkey: A Single-Center Experience.

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was detected in the Wuhan region of China in 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in 2020. Since then, despite widespread recommendations to prevent the spread of the disease and provide treatment for sick people, 6,573,968 people died all over the world, 101,203 of which in Turkey. According to the international adult vaccination guidelines, pregnant women have been recommended to get vaccinated against the new coronavirus disease, as well as influenza and tetanus, during pregnancy. Before this study, not enough information was available about the vaccination awareness and vaccination hesitancy rates of pregnant women living in Turkey. For this reason, we believe that our study will contribute to filling this gap in the literature. The main objective of this study was to investigate the vaccination rates of pregnant women in a local hospital in Turkey and the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in this patient group. The minimum sample size of the study was found to be 241, with 80% power, 0.2 effect size, and 95% confidence interval, at p < 0.05 significance level. We included 247 consecutive pregnant women who applied to the Samsun Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinics between January 2022 and April 2022. The researchers prepared a questionnaire by taking into account the characteristics of the local community. A preliminary survey with these questions was also conducted before starting the main study. The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 28.7 ± 5.3 years, and the mean gestational age was 28.2 ± 7.9 weeks. Among the participants, 26.3% were university graduates or had a higher degree, and 17% were actively working; in addition, 93 (37.7%) of the 247 pregnant women had received the COVID-19 vaccine, 203 (82.2%) had received at least one dose of the tetanus vaccine, and only 1 (0.4%) person had been administered the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The most common reason for COVID-19 vaccine refusal and hesitancy was safety concerns, while the low rates of tetanus and influenza vaccination were due to a lack of knowledge. These results show that it is important to inform and educate the pregnant population on this subject to improve their vaccination behavior.