Sick People Research Articles

The costs of treating patients during the epidemics at the beginning of the 20th century, based on the example of the Hospital for Infectious Patients in Częstochowa

Purpose: The study characterizes the determinants of the costs of treating patients during various epidemics at the beginning of the 20th century in Częstochowa. Methodology/approach: Research tools included a literature review on the subject, legal acts, archival documentation of the Hospital for Infectious Patients, and other ar-chival materials concerning the costs of treating patients during the epidemic in Częstochowa between 1918 and 1922. Findings: The analysis shows that both now and 100 years ago, the tools for fighting the epidemic are similar. The most important include preventive vaccinations, a health care system properly adapted to crises, prevention, and the protection of medical personnel who treat sick people and other people who have contact with the sick. The research hypothesis was positively verified that “covering the costs of treating patients during the epidemic at the beginning of the 20th century was determined by the principles of set-tling accounts for the treatment of patients and running the hospital”. Practical implications: The results are essential for developing and improving health systems. They have a cognitive value and can be analyzed by decision-makers at various management levels of Poland’s medical entities. Originality: The article is part of the trend of historical research on the costs of Poland’s healthcare system.

Early Warning of Infectious Diseases in Hospitals Based on Multi-Self-Regression Deep Neural Network.

Objective Infectious diseases usually spread rapidly. This study aims to develop a model that can provide fine-grained early warnings of infectious diseases using real hospital data combined with disease transmission characteristics, weather, and other multi-source data. Methods Based on daily data reported for infectious diseases collected from several large general hospitals in China between 2012 and 2020, seven common infectious diseases in medical institutions were screened and a multi self-regression deep (MSRD) neural network was constructed. Using a recurrent neural network as the basic structure, the model can effectively model the epidemiological trend of infectious diseases by considering the current influencing conditions while taking into account the historical development characteristics in time-series data. The fitting and prediction accuracy of the model were evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error. Results The proposed approach is significantly better than the existing infectious disease dynamics model, susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR), as it addresses the concerns of difficult-to-obtain quantitative data such as latent population, overfitting of long time series, and considering only a single series of the number of sick people without considering the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases. We also compare certain machine learning methods in this study. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves an MAE of 0.6928 and 1.3782 for hand, foot, and mouth disease and influenza, respectively. Conclusion The MRSD-based infectious disease prediction model proposed in this paper can provide daily and instantaneous updates and accurate predictions for epidemic trends.

Ramadan fasting in hemodialysis population: single-center study

BackgroundFasting Ramadan is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam. Although sick people are excluded from this duty, some of the hemodialysis patients insist to fast to enjoy the spiritual nature of the holy month.ObjectivesTo monitor the tolerability of fasting Ramadan among the hemodialysis population.MethodologyOne hundred ninety-nine prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients participated in the study and were allocated to 3 groups according to their fasting decision (complete, partial, and non- fasting). Basic demographic and laboratory data were collected before the start of the holy month; monitoring any inter or intradialytic complications or events during the holy month was done in addition to dry weight monitoring before and at the end of the month.ResultsOne hundred ninety-nine HD patients were included (97 males, mean age 45 ± 15 SD). Patients were divided based on their fasting state into 3 groups: compete fasting 28 (14%), partial fasting 88 (44%), and non-fasting 83 (42%). Out of 116 total fasting patients, only 4 patients (3.4%) developed complications (intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and muscle cramps) during dialysis. On the other hand, 3 patients experienced improvement of IDH; also, one patient reported improvement in dyspepsia. We noted a significant reduction in dry weight in the complete and partial fasting groups (P < 0.001 for both), unlike the non-fasting group (P = 0.75).ConclusionWe may conclude that fasting Ramadan in hemodialysis patients whether complete or partial fasting may be tolerated by most of patients and was associated with a significant reduction in dry weight.

ACCESS TO JUSTICE

ACCESS TO JUSTICE

Evaluation of the level of vitamin D3 in the blood serum of patients infected with COVID-19 in Al-Amiriya city

The researchers used 60 samples, 35 of which were infected with the developing corona virus and 25 of which were healthy and disease-free. Their ages ranged from 30 to 55, and the samples were taken from their homes. Al-Amiriya Hospital in An bare Governorate. After that, blood was collected from healthy and sick people and separated by centrifugation. The biochemical variables were Determination, including (CRP ,ferritin, Vit.D3) .In comparison to healthy people, people infected with the developing corona virus had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin in their blood serum, according to the findings of the current study. Also When compared to healthy people, Vit.D3 levels in blood serum of people infected with the developing corona virus were shown to be significantly lower.

One Health Approach Prevents Future Pandemics

The impact that one health (OH) concept can have on the worldwide response to the COVID-19 pandemic is significant. We highlight four areas where the use of OH has the potential to greatly improve infectious disease governance in general, and COVID-19 governance in particular. For starters, a better-integrated surveillance infrastructure and monitoring of the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals can make it easier to discover emerging infectious agents with comparable genotypes across species and track their spatiotemporal spread. This information can help public and animal health officials plan effective responses. Second, using the OH approach can help stakeholders representing seemingly conflicting domains coordinate and collaborate more effectively. Third, the OH approach emphasizes the importance of a strong institutional environment that allows for sufficient regulation of hotspots for infectious disease transmission between people and animals, such as live animal marketplaces. Finally, OH thinking emphasizes the need for equitable solutions to infectious disease challenges, implying that policy response mechanisms and interventions should take into account illness burdens faced disproportionately by vulnerable and marginalized people, as well as those helping sick people with health treatment and other important services. Within the “One World – One Health” strategy, four major components can be identified as crucial elements: the geographical component, the ecological component, human activities, and food agriculture activities. We go over what we know about infections that emerge, the hosts they come from, and the circumstances that cause them to develop. We explore the obstacles to their control as well as innovative tactics for predicting pandemics, focusing surveillance on the most critical interfaces, and developing prevention strategies.

Analisis Makna Kewajiban Rehabilitasi Medis Terhadap Pecandu Narkotika

The application of sanctions on narcotics is quite serious, but in fact the perpetrators of crimes are increasing, and for convicts in practice it is inconclusive and prone to recidivism. This can be caused because the criminal conviction by the judge has no impact or is slow on the culprit. So far, judges tend to emphasize more on criminal sanctions, if it is worth the behavior of the perpetrator with the aim that the perpetrator does not repeat his behavior. This can be caused by the existence of a criminal conviction factor by a judge that does not have an impact or deferrent effect on the perpetrators. So far, criminal convictions by judges tend to prioritize criminal sanctions that are worth the perpetrator's actions, with the aim that the perpetrator does not repeat his actions. In general, drug addicts and victims of narcotics crimes have not received access to rehabilitation services, especially drug addicts and victims of narcotics crimes who are in prisons and detention centers. Therefore, the emphasis of the formulation in this study is how to analyze the significance of medical rehabilitation obligations for drug addicts. The methods used in this study are normative methods and approaches to the method of the statutory approach (Statue Approach) and Conceptual Approach (Conceptual Approach) The results of the study found that Makana Medical Rehabilitation Obligations Against Narcotic Addicts are "sick people" who are obliged to undergo treatment by placing them in medical rehabilitation and or social rehabilitation institutions. As a recommendation, the researcher is to the Government and the House of Representatives to add an explanation of narcotics addicts in Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, by including the amount of medical rehabilitation financing provided to drug addicts in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Prior to the promulgation of the amount of medical rehabilitation financing, the provision of medical rehabilitation for drug addicts would be easier to implement, and to the community to increase participation in the prevention of narcotics addicts and the accessibility to the settlement of cases in litigation and non-litigation.

Penerapan Internet of Things Berbasis Teknologi Voice User Interface Untuk Kendali Jarak Jauh Dengan Node MCU 8266 Pada Rumah Pintar

Smart Home is a residence or residence that connects a communication network with electrical equipment that is possible to be controlled, monitored or accessed remotely. Smart home can also increase efficiency, convenience and security by using technology automatically. This study builds an IoT-based Smart Home using voice on Google Assistant. This is needed as a solution for sick people who are in wheelchairs/beds or people with disabilities but can speak or elderly people who cannot reach the switch to turn on/off household appliances. In addition, in order to be able to control home devices from a very long distance. Google Assistant converts voice commands to text. The text is then forwarded from Google Assistant to Webhooks by IFTTT. In testing the system has succeeded in turning on and off electrical equipment with voice commands using Google Assistant. A more effective prototype has been produced based on the results of testing to experts it is obtained "100 %" and to users it is obtained "81,52 %", based on this assessment shows that the prototype is "very feasible" and can control the use of electric switches through the android application.

Lessons from a pandemic.

Several interventions have been used around the world trying to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, such as quarantine, prohibition of mass demonstrations, isolation of sick people, tracing of virus carriers, semi-containment, promotion of barrier gestures, development of rapid self-tests and vaccines among others. We propose a simple model to evaluate the potential impact of such interventions. A model for the reproduction number of an infectious disease including three main contexts of infection (indoor mass events, public indoor activities and household) and seven parameters is considered. We illustrate how these parameters could be obtained from the literature or from expert assumptions, and we apply the model to describe 20 scenarios that can typically occur during the different phases of a pandemic. This model provides a useful framework for better understanding and communicating the effects of different (combinations of) possible interventions, while encouraging constant updating of expert assumptions to better match reality. This simple approach will bring more transparency and public support to help governments to think, decide, evaluate and adjust what to do during a pandemic.

Outcome Prediction of Hematologic Malignancy in Critically Sick People.

People with hematologic malignancies (HM) frequently postulate intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization due to organ damage caused by the disease process or treatment-related consequences. This study is aimed at looking at mortality and sign factors in adult patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) who have been hospitalized in the ICU. Death was one quality indicator; researchers used a machine learning approach to find determinants of death. As per the study, there have been 206 patients hospitalized in the ICU (mean age: 51.3 ± 13.6 years; 60% male). The average length of stay was three days, with 14.1% requiring extended ICU commitment. ICU death was 45.6% at 30 days, 62.6% at sixty days, and 74.3% at twelve months, rising to 59.2% at thirty days, 62.6% at sixty days, and 74.3% at twelve months. Ventilation systems and vasodilating medication were linked to higher ICU death, but admission to the ICU surgically and experiencing malignancies are linked with lower death rates. Patients with HM who are hospitalized in the ICU have a high mortality rate (45.6%), which rises to 74.3% after a year. Serious illness, postsurgical hospitalization, and malignancy were revealed as determinants of patient outcomes in multivariate analyses.

Meaning, Message, and Rhetoric in Kitabisa.com Advertisement

This research focused to found the meanings, messages, signs and types of rhetoric used in Kitabisa.com advertisements. The was qualitative approach and descriptive analysis techniques. The data source of this research was taken from official website Kitabisa.com www.kitabisa.com. The data taken from one sample from each fifteen categories of donations published in 2021. The results of this research found that the fifteen data were contained signs which found in the images and language used in Kitabisa.com advertisements. Denotation meanings were to invite the society to donate. The connotative meaning were implied implisit meaning such as satire, criticism, inspirational stories and invested a brand image. Myths were closely related with the society because came from themselves. The messages were another piece of informations that want to conveyed by the fundraiser. Types of rhetoric results showed that 4 advertisements data used homonym. The types of rhetoric such rhetorical questions, rhyme and parison, were found in each of the 2 advertisements data. The types of rethoric such anaphora, hyperbole, antanaclasis, alliteration and anadiplosis found in 1 advertisements data. The image aspect of donations affected the amount of donations especially sick people because they were considered more able to attract public sympathies.&#x0D; Keywords: Kitabisa.com; Rhetoric; Semiotics

Certain aspects of management of health preservation system.

The trends in development of National health care in Russia are considered. The need in formation of intersectorial system of management of health protection activities is established with priority of preventive direction, including mental prevention, based on systematic observation and participation of both sick and healthy people. The system goal was determined - to improve population health. The main tasks and principles of system functioning are formulated. The reasonableness of application of mechanisms of motivating and stimulating all subjects of health protection system in order to increase their interest, is indicated as one of directions of organizing and introducing intersectorial health protection system. The basic principles of development and implementation of incentive systems of remuneration were formulated. The attention is focused on such aspect related to management of health protection system as legal support. The review of sources of law in the field of health protection revealed that all subjects have duties, and everyone has responsibilities, except citizens and insured persons. To resolve this problem, it was proposed to conclude agreement between the parties, indicating rights and obligations of both parties and responsibility for violation of contractual obligations. The structure is proposed, the main principles of health protection system management are described, designed to provide real shift in achieving settled goals.

Peningkatan Kesembuhan Pasien melalui Pastoral Orang Sakit di Rumah Sakit Umum Santo Antonius Pontianak

This research is based on the author's concern about the lack of Pastoral services, especially for the sick. Sick people I mean are patients who are treated at the general hospital of Santo Antonius Pontianak, which is the locus of this research. As far as the researchers observed, they only get physical attention but spiritual needs are often ignored by the hospital. In solving the problem, the author uses a descriptive-qualitative form of research. From the results of data processing, it can be concluded that Pastoral for the Sick is carried out by employees appointed by the hospital, Pastors, and Sisters. Approximately three hours for each room, each patient is visited for 2-10 minutes, 2-3 times a week and the most often given to patients is the sacrament service (Communion and extreme unction) by the Pastor or Sister (nun), Patient Catholics are given priority to receive Pastoral Care for the Sick. While non-Catholic patients are given if there is a request from the family or the patient himself. The effects of Pastoral Care on the Sick in non-Catholic patients are not very visible. However, the patients who are Catholics think they feel very happy, feel comforted, feel strengthened, have peace, feel perfect, and are increasingly aware of God's presence. Patients like there is inner peace, this can be seen in the depression and anxiety of patients who are reduced. Keywords: Service, Pastoral, Sick People. This research is based on the author's concern about the lack of Pastoral services, especially for the sick. Sick people I mean are patients who are treated at the general hospital of Santo Antonius Pontianak, which is the locus of this research. As far as the researchers observed, they only get physical attention but spiritual needs are often ignored by the hospital. In solving the problem, the author uses a descriptive-qualitative form of research. From the results of data processing, it can be concluded that Pastoral for the Sick is carried out by employees appointed by the hospital, Pastors, and Sisters. Approximately three hours for each room, each patient is visited for 2-10 minutes, 2-3 times a week and the most often given to patients is the sacrament service (Communion and extreme unction) by the Pastor or Sister (nun), Patient Catholics are given priority to receive Pastoral Care for the Sick. While non-Catholic patients are given if there is a request from the family or the patient himself. The effects of Pastoral Care on the Sick in non-Catholic patients are not very visible. However, the patients who are Catholics think they feel very happy, feel comforted, feel strengthened, have peace, feel perfect, and are increasingly aware of God's presence. Patients like there is inner peace, this can be seen in the depression and anxiety of patients who are reduced.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AL-TAISĪR CONCEPT IN JAMAK PRAYER FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL PERFORMING SURGICAL OPERATIONS

Islamic law is based on strong and flexible principles that are suitable for every country, people, time, and era. There are three principles in Islamic law. First, it is not burdensome and removes difficulties. Second, maintaining the benefit of all human beings. The third is the comprehensive realization of justice. There are many forms of eliminating hardship and difficulty. Among them are in the aspect of worship, in the realm of muamalah and uqūbah (sanctions). In the aspect of worship, for example, the permissibility of qasar prayer, tayamum and iftar for travelers and sick people. A situation that is also related to this is the condition of medical personnel when performing surgical operations that require a short time to carry out. It is not uncommon for this to coincide with the time of prayer until it is close to the time limit. Sometimes, the surgery goes beyond the set prayer time, even entering the next prayer time. This research was conducted using a theological-normative approach or shar'ī approach presented qualitatively. Primary data sources come from verses of the Qur'an, the Prophet's hadith. Secondary data is obtained from various sources, namely literature that studies the concept of al-taisīr, scientific journal articles, print and online media. The data are analyzed by deductive method.

COVID-19 Infection and Prevention: A Brief Review

Corona viruses, a broad group of viruses that have an ability to infect a wide range of animals, or people. It can lead to mild to severe respiratory illnesses. In humans it caused fatal respiratory illness in 2002 and 2012, making it a new concern for public health in the 21st century. Its origin was in Wuhan from where it is rapidly spreading to the rest of the world. In terms of both the number of sick people and the geographic span of epidemic locations, it has crossed the counts of SARS and MERS. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused a significant threat to worldwide public life.

Spotlight on latent tuberculosis infection screening for juvenile idiopathic arthritis in two countries, comparing high and low risk patients

BackgroundRheumatic diseases are associated with an increase in overall risks of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TB and the frequency of latent TB infection (LTBI), in clinical practice, for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients from high and low risk of TB incidence endemic countries.MethodsThis is an international, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study of data collection from Brazil and Registry of Portugal at REUMA.PT. The inclusion criteria were patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) with age ≤ 18 years who underwent screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)]. Chest X-rays and history of exposure to TB were also assessed.Results292 JIA patients were included; mean age 14.3 years, mean disease duration 7.5 years, 194 patients (66.4%) performed only TST, 14 (4.8%) only IGRA and 84 (28.8%) both. The frequency of LTBI (10.6%) and TB was similar between the two countries. The reasons for TB screening were different; in Brazil it was performed more often at JIA onset while in Portugal it was performed when starting Disease Modified Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARD) treatment (p < 0.001). Isoniazid therapy was prescribed in 40 (13.7%) patients (31 with LTBI and 9 with epidemiologic risks and/or due to contact with sick people). Only three patients (1%) developed active TB.ConclusionWe found nearly 10% of patients with LTBI, a small percentage of patients with treatment due to epidemiologic risks and only 1% with active TB. Distinct reasons and screening methods for LTBI were observed between the two countries.

عمل المرأة التطوعيّ وآثاره على الفرد والمجتمع "دراسة موضوعية في ضوء القرآن الكريم"

Recent advancements in the field of women's concerns have emphasized the importance of mentioning Women volunteer work in the Qur’an. It defined voluntary work in language and termed and indicated its legitimacy from the Holy Qur’an, and that it came in the Holy Qur’an in two types: non-verbal and verbal; Non-verbal : as the wife of Pharaoh volunteered in the custody of Moses-peace be upon him – and the verbal: with guidance and giving advice; As the sister of Moses-peace be upon him-volunteered, when she advised those who breastfeed him and advised them to do so, the research mentioned the areas of volunteer work for women in the Holy Qur’an; In the field of denoting the qualified, as the daughter of a righteous when she advised her father to hire Moses-pace be upon him. In addition, the woman’s voluntary work in the field of helping needy families, as the story of the volunteering of Pharaoh’s wife to sponsor the family of Moses-peace be upon him. As for her work in the field of serving places of worship, it is like the work of the wife of Imran with her vow to donate her newborn to serve the Holy House, and in the field of sponsoring orphans such as sponsoring Asia for Moses-peace is upon him; who was considered an orphan; because she found him floating on the river, and in the field of helping people with special needs, the elderly, the sick People, the story of the wife of Ayoub-peace be upon him , who nursed him and took care of him. As for caring for the elderly, Because her father was unable to water the sheep, the two girls took it upon themselves to do it. as for the story of the daughter of a righteous man who helped Moses-peace be upon him- while he was in poverty and estrangement, and in the field of preserving the family entity in the story of the argument, and the research showed the positive effects on the volunteer and her community.

The Use of ICT, Development of the Offer and Spatial Changes in the Building of the Day Care Home for Elderly and Sick in Tarnowskie Góry (Poland), Case Study

Abstract New Internet technologies allow building relationships via social networks and lessening social exclusion. While researching the needs of the residents of the building of the Day Care Home for Elderly and Sick People in Tarnowskie Góry, the author analyzed the possibilities of using information and communication technologies (ICT) to expand the institution’s offer and increase the number of residents. The essence of the study was to determine the social needs of seniors and to check what forms of Internet activities are possible. The interaction with the Day Care Home participants via the Internet requires appropriate space organization. Therefore, it was important to check whether seniors are ready for new forms of social interactions and if they are willing to acquire new knowledge and to further expand their skills. The subject discussed in the article was part of a broader study on the analysis of the needs of seniors to reorganize the space in the building and its surroundings. The research tools used have shown how important it is for seniors to establish analog contacts and build friendships during joint meetings and games. Research shows the degree of use of basic digital tools and the limitations of learning new digital tools. At the same time, the dynamics of changes within this age group is visible. There is also a noticeable need for a flexible approach to urban and architectural solutions, allowing for changes in the near future without large investment expenditures. The results of this research were confronted with the results of the study on the use of technology during COVID-19.

Application of Neural Networks for Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Pathologies Based on X-Ray Images

This work is devoted to studying the possibility of creating intelligent automated systems for differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases based on the identification of pathological structures on X-ray images of the thoracic cavity organs (TCO) using neural network technologies. A brief analysis of modern diagnostic techniques is presented; a description of the proposed algorithm for determining the type of lung tissue pathologies used in the visual analysis of X-ray images and based on the identification of the main radiological syndromes, as well as on the evaluation of the quantitative characteristics of differential X-ray diagnostics is given. By the example of classification of radiographs of healthy and tuberculosis patients, the effectiveness of the use of neural network technologies in the computer diagnosis of lung diseases is demonstrated. The studies have been carried out using a publicly available database of X-ray images of thoracic cavity organs containing 3500 images of healthy people and 3500 images of sick people.

Prediction of Epidemic Transmission Path and Risk Management Method in Urban Subway

With the development of COVID-19, the epidemic prevention requirements of city subway system have become stricter. This study studies the transmission path of epidemic disease in city subway system. Using FLUENT software and AnyLogic software, the simulation models of subway platform ventilation structure and crowd behavior mode in subway system are constructed, respectively, and SEIR (vulnerable exposed affected recovered) is used as the general infection model of epidemic disease. According to the actual situation, the parameters such as shoulder width, flow, and moving speed of crowd are determined, and the simulation analysis of epidemic disease transmission in subway system is carried out. The analysis results show that the transmission speed of the disease in the subway will increase with the enhancement of the transmission capacity of the disease and the increase of the contact rate. When the disease transmission capacity is 0.14, the number of latent persons reaches the peak at 14.115 time units, which is 1374, and the number of patients reaches the peak at 28.541 time units, which is 1925. According to the simulation results, the simulation analysis results show that with the enhancement of disease transmission ability and the increase of exposure rate, the maximum number of latent and sick people in the subway environment will increase. The corresponding suggestions on risk management and control of infectious disease transmission in subway are put forward. The research results can provide a useful reference for the epidemic prevention management of urban subway transportation system in China.