Shut Down Research Articles

Internal Currents, CO2 Emissions and Decrease of the Pt Electrochemical Surface Area during Fuel Cell Start-Up and Shut-Down

This work explores the links between internal currents measured during fuel cell start-up (SU) and shut-down (SD) and the CO2 emissions in the cathode exhaust gases associated with the oxidation of the electrode carbon support. The total charge exchanged between the active and passive regions of a cell appears to be a function of the common residence time of air (or nitrogen) and hydrogen in the anode compartment during SU/SD operation. Both the CO2 emissions and the charges exchanged between the active and passive regions of the cell increase with this residence time. However, the complete oxidation of carbon to CO2 does not seem to be the main contribution to the reverse currents.

Using Real-Life Experiences to Teach Computer Concepts

Teaching computer concepts to individuals with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or visually impaired) presents some unique challenges. Students often have difficulty remembering to perform certain steps or have difficulty remembering specific keystrokes when using computers. Many cannot visualize the way in which complex computing operating systems are organized, how to move within menus and submenus, or how to manipulate the cursor. In my time as an adaptive technology instructor, I have developed analogies, tactile manipulatives and models, and a matching game to help my student grasp and master difficult computing concepts. ANALOGIES Many students struggle to remember keystrokes, such as pressing the Enter key when executing a computer command. Students execute a given command, but when they forget to press Enter and the computer fails to produce the desired result, the student is unsure what happened or why the computer did not do what it was supposed to do. Repeated explanations and reminders of keystrokes often fail to stick in students' minds. As a result, I devised a number of analogies or mnemonic devices to aid information retention. Since many of my students have dog guides, pet dogs, or are familiar with dogs, I tell students that the Enter key is like giving the dog a command. For students who use dog guides, the Enter key is analogous to telling the dog forward. Forward is said when a dog is at attention and ready to work. Likewise, the Enter key is pressed when an individual has focus on an icon or other item that needs user input. Students who have been provided with analogies, whether it is the Enter key analogy or others I have created, are much more likely to understand and remember computer concepts and keyboard commands. Table 1 lists the analogies I developed. Mrs. Garfunkle (a pseudonym), a middle-aged woman who is totally blind and had no experience with computers prior to training, reported in informal discussions a greater confidence when using the computer for personal or vocational tasks after learning commands using analogies. TACTILE MANIPULAT1VES In my time as an instructor, I have created a number of tactile manipulatives to aid students in conceptualizing various aspects of the computer. Students who are congenitally blind or visually impaired may have greater difficulty picturing the Microsoft Windows operating system than those who lost vision later in life. Students with congenital vision loss may need hands-on manipulatives in order to form a mental picture of the operating system and how various parts of the system work together to form a whole. Menu structure One manipulative I created is a model of the Windows menu structure made out of poster board and Popsicle sticks of various colors. I glued two pieces of poster board of differing colors together and folded the top poster board in an accordion style to symbolize the main menu, such as Start. I placed one high-contrast (for students with low vision) Popsicle stick on each accordion fold to symbolize menu items, such as Windows Update, Search, Programs, and Shut Down. I taped a piece of string to one of the Popsicle sticks to show the submenu structure. Smaller Popsicle sticks glued together in a square shape are intended to show what happens when the submenu is opened. In keeping with the Start menu example, a string would be glued on one Popsicle stick representing Programs. The small Popsicle stick square represents the items in the Programs submenu (Accessories, Microsoft Office, or JAWS.) After students are comfortable with the tactile model, instruction continues in the computer environment. My students have shown a greater confidence and understanding when navigating menu structures on the computer after using such a tactile manipulative. Cursor movement When a student is unfamiliar with the positioning of the cursor and how text is manipulated, it is beneficial to use hands-on teaching in order to communicate these concepts. …

Status update

Many countries are engaged in efforts to revamp their high school computer science curricula. This paper touches briefly on the state of affairs with high school CS in Canada, Israel, India, and New Zealand. Each country has different issues to address in implementing a concepts-rich high school computer science curriculum. The paper then reviews the recent report from the United Kingdom, Shut Down or Restart? The Way Forward for Computing in the UK Schools .

CHAD - CHINA: Refinery Shut Down

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 19402B-19403A COOPERATION AND TRADE CHAD – CHINA: Refinery Shut Down First published: 05 March 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2012.04339.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue1March 2012Pages 19402B-19403A RelatedInformation

Impact of Industrial Shut Down and Land Use Change in Chaliyar Basin

The gradual migration of local labor for jobs abroad has made a remarkable impact on the land use in the local region. The large scale migration was chiefly the outcome of unemployment in the local region as a result of the shutdown of the rayon industry which was the only source of income to the local village community. Two phenomena were observed parallel since 2001. First, the migration pattern of labor force in the study area, and second, the changes in land use pattern. In this background of the problem it is interesting to observe the land use changes through remote sensing during different time periods.

IL-12 Release by Engineered T Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors Can Effectively Muster an Antigen-Independent Macrophage Response on Tumor Cells That Have Shut Down Tumor Antigen Expression

During malignant progression cancer cells tend to lose cell surface expression of MHC and other immune antigens, making them invisible to cytotoxic T cells and therefore inaccessible to tumor antigen-directed immunotherapy. Moreover, cancer cell variants that have lost antigen expression frequently contribute to deadly tumor relapses that occur following treatments that had been initially effective. In an effort to destroy antigen-loss cancer cells in tumors, we created a strategy that combines a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T-cell attack with an engineered local release of the cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12), which recruits and reinforces macrophage function. Cytotoxic T cells were engineered to release inducible IL-12 upon CAR engagement in the tumor lesion, resulting in destruction of antigen-loss cancer cells that would normally escape. Importantly, elimination of the antigen-loss cancer cells was accompanied by an accumulation of activated macrophages that was critical to the antitumor response, because removing the macrophages abolished the response and restoring them reengaged it. Neutralizing TNF-α also abrogated the elimination of antigen-loss cancer cells, implying this proinflammatory factor in the process. Taken together, our results show how IL-12 supplementation by CAR T cells can target otherwise inaccessible tumor lesions, in a manner associated with reduced systemic toxicity, by recruiting and activating innate immune cells for a proinflammatory response.

ICONE19-43765 DEVELOPMENT OF POISON INJECTION CODE-COPJET FOR HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID POISON INJECTION IN PRESSURE TUBE TYPE HEAVY WATER REACTOR

Shut Down System-2 (SDS-2) in advanced vertical pressure tube type reactor, provides rapid reactor shutdown by high pressure injection of a neutron absorbing liquid called poison, into the moderator in the calandria. Poison inside the calandria is distributed by poison jets issued from holes provided in the injection tubes. Effectiveness of the system depends on the rate and spread of the poison in the moderator. In this study, a transient one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic code, COPJET is developed, to predict the performance of system by predicting poison jet length with time. Validation of the COPJET is done with the data available in literature. Thereafter, it is applied for poison jet length prediction of advanced vertical pressure type reactor.

Anticipations of the Accident: Modernist Fiction and Systemic Risk

In the summer and early autumn of 2008, as the global ‘credit crunch’ intensified, resulting in the collapse, part-nationalization, or forced merger of numerous venerable financial institutions, a ...

Poetry as Social Practice in the First Person Plural: A Dialogue on Documentary Poetics

Mark Nowak is a documentary poet, social critic, and labor activist, whose writings include Shut Up Shut Down and the recently published book on coal mining disasters in theUS andChina,CoalMountain Elementary. Nowak’s poetry engages central issues of work, family, and community. His verse play on Reagan’s firing of striking PATCO air traffic controllers, “Capitalization,” has been staged at theaters (Stage Left in Chicago, the Cleveland Public Theatre) as well as rallies for striking Northwest Airlines mechanics. He is one of a dozen poets included in the seminal anthology American Poets in the 21st Century: The New Poetics. Nowak’s unique work, which brings innovative aesthetics and working-class communities into dialogue, has resulted in a dynamic array of projects and publications. Following a model he designed at Ford plants in the United States and South Africa (through the UnitedAutoWorkers and the National Union ofMetalworkers of SouthAfrica), Nowak’s transnational worker-to-worker poetry dialogues create a unique opportunity for working people to analyze, communicate, and express (through poetry) their ideas and emotions about their work, particularly in workspaces experiencing the effects of downsizing, plant closings, worker-management tensions, and strikes. He is currently Director of the Rose O’Neill Literary House atWashington College. Philip Metres is the author of numerous books, including To See the Earth (poetry), Come Together: Imagine Peace (anthology of peace poems), Behind the Lines: War Resistance Poetry on the American Homefront since 1941 (criticism), andCatalogue of Comedic Novelties: Selected Poems of Lev Rubinstein. His poetry has appeared in a variety of journals and anthologies, including Best American Poetry and Inclined to Speak: Contemporary Arab American Poetry. He has been

Modeling of Carbon Loss on PEMFC Electrodes after Shut Down in Open-ended and Closed Cells.

not Available.

Book Reviews

Michael D. Bordo of Rutgers University and NBER reviews “When Washington Shut Down Wall Street: The Great Financial Crisis of 1914 and the Origins of America’s Monetary Supremacy” by William L. Silber,. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins “Traces Treasury Secretary William Gibbs McAdoo’s triumph over a monetary crisis at the outbreak of World War I that threatened the United States with financial disaster. Explores how McAdoo responded to the twin threats of external gold drain to Europe and the internal drain of currency from banks that were triggered by the outbreak of war. Silber is Marcus Nadler Professor of Finance and Economics at the Stern School of Business, New York University. Index.”

On the outskirts of form: cosmopoetics in the shadow of NAFTA1

On the outskirts of form: cosmopoetics in the shadow of NAFTA1

Local Anesthetics, Antipsychotic Phenothiazines, and Cationic Surfactants Shut Down Intracellular Reactions through Membrane Perturbation in Yeast

High osmolarity and glucose deprivation cause rapid shutdowns of both actin polarization and translation initiation in yeast. Like these stresses, administration of local anesthetics and of antipsychotic phenothiazines caused similar responses. All these drugs have amphiphilic structures and formed emulsions and permeabilized the cell membrane, indicating that they have the same features as a surfactant. Consistently with this, surfactants induced responses similar to those of local anesthetics and phenothiazines. Benzethonium chloride, a cationic surfactant, showed a more potent shutdown activity than phenothiazines, whereas SDS, an anionic surfactant, transiently depolarized actin without inhibiting translation initiation, suggesting that a cationic charge in the amphiphile is important to the shutdown of both reactions. The clinical drugs and the cationic surfactants at low concentrations caused shutdown without membrane permeabilization, suggesting that these compounds and stresses activate shutdown, via perturbation rather than disruption of the cell membrane.

IVAN POUNDS GULF, SHUTTERS PLANTS

HURRICANE IVAN SHUT DOWN a broad swath of the chemical industry from Sept. 15 to 16 on the Gulf Coast east of New Orleans and extending to Pensacola, Fla. Coastal Alabama and the large chemical ind...

CLEAN UP OR SHUT DOWN

CLEAN UP OR SHUT DOWN

Benchmark Experiment for the Validation of Shut Down Activation and Dose Rate in a Fusion Device

A neutronics experiment has been performed at the 14 MeV Frascati Neutron Generator (FNG) and using a proper experimental set-up, with the objective to validate the calculations of shut down dose rate outside the ITER vacuum vessel. In the experiment, a shield mock up was irradiated for sufficiently long time that the level of induced activation was followed after shut down by dosemeters for a cooling time as required for allowing personal access. The measurements were analysed, using a rigorous, standard two-step method (MCNP transport / FISPACT inventory codes), and a new one-step method with an ad hoc modified version of MCNP code, developed within the ITER Project to provide a more straightforward tool for dose rate analysis outside the vessel. The results of the experiment are presented together with the analysis performed with both approaches and with different nuclear data.

Infant Apnea Monitors Recalled; May Shut Down Without Alarm

Infant Apnea Monitors Recalled; May Shut Down Without Alarm

Effect of polymer blending and drawing conditions on properties of polyethylene separator prepared for Li-ion secondary battery

A separator made of the polymer blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is prepared by a wet process for the Li-ion secondary battery. An investigation is made of the effect on the mechanical properties of the separator by the blending of the polymers and the drawing conditions. The mechanical strength is increased with increasing molecular weight and content of UHMWPE polymer. A film containing 6 wt.% UHMWPE has a tensile strength of about 1000 kg cm −2 at a draw ratio of 5. The pores of the separator are very uniform with a size of 0.1–0.12 μm. The shut-down (SD) characteristics increase rapidly in the vicinity of 130 °C and the fusion temperature is 160 °C. These features suggest that the separator is applicable to the Li-ion secondary battery.

Defibrillators Recalled; May Shut Down

Defibrillators Recalled; May Shut Down

A Finite Volume Central Differencing Scheme for Simulation of the Shut Down Procedure of a Hydraulic System

AbstractA new central differencing finite volume scheme is investigated for solution of unsteady hydraulic problems as water hammer in pipe systems. Special time stepping procedure similar to Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to stabilize this second order scheme. It is monotonized by adding dissipative terms including second and fourth derivatives of the conserved variables, with coefficients proportional to derivatives of pressure or volumetric flow, which keeps the second order of accuracy in smooth flow regions. The one-dimensional unsteady incompressible equations are solved for a water hammer situation, and results are compared to existing analytical solutions. Results are also compared with numerical results of classical characteristic method, which is proved to be fairly accurate. The scheme could easily be generalized to two-dimensional case. Finally this procedure is used for analysis of the shut down procedure of a hydraulic system. Components of the system are modeled and effects of important para...