Shunt Passive Filter Research Articles

Influence of Background Voltage Distortion on Operation of Passive Harmonic Compensation Devices

This paper discusses the issues of assessing the influence of external distortion sources on the functioning of a shunt passive harmonic filter. In this study, we evaluated the overload of a passive harmonic filter based on determining the contributions of distortion sources. A method was proposed for assessing the contributions of distortion sources, which allowed us, regardless of background distortions, to determine the contributions of consumer loads, as well as the contribution of background distortions. The simulation was carried out using the Simulink MatLab software (version R2023a). Several scenarios were considered in which the following values were varied: supply feeder impedance, level of background distortions, consumer electrical load composition, and passive filter parameters. It was found that the contribution of the background distortion source decreases with increasing impedance of the supply grid. It was determined that the consumer load contribution is independent of background voltage harmonics and can be used to estimate the overload of a passive harmonic filter. It was shown that it is necessary to take into account the overload of the passive filter by currents from background distortion sources, which did not exceed 135% of the rated rms current for the conditions under consideration. A mathematical model was proposed to estimate the overload of a passive filter in the presence of background voltage distortions. This model was obtained during analytical studies and allows one to evaluate the overload of a passive filter, taking into account the short circuit ratio, detuning frequency and power of the passive filter, and the share contribution of background distortion sources.

Simulation and optimization of control parameters in energy hybrid filter

Two energy hybrid filter systems were considered which reduce level of higher mains current harmonics. An advantage of such system is low demanded active filter power because in complements only passive filter operation. The first considered system has inverter switched on in series with shunt passive filter. Through optimization of control parameters it is able to eliminate specific higher mains currents harmonics left by passive filter in a point by point way. The other tested system includes two inverters which are switched on to the system in series and shunt way. Their operation is to reduce higher mains current harmonics induced by higher load currents harmonics in a continuous way. The simulations carried out proved correct operation of the system.

Compensation of Voltage Unbalance and Current Harmonics with a Series Active Power Filter.

A combined system of shunt passive and series active filter for a four-wire three-phase system has been designed and simulated with Matlab/Simulink. The system combined mitigates the source current harmonics and compensates also unbalance voltages reducing the problems of using only a shunt passive filter. Therefore, a new control method based in the power vectorial theory has been proposed. The compensation principle is presented in detail. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control, simulation results are presented and discussed.

Power quality improvement using rabbit optimization FOPID controlled photovoltaic- battery powered hybrid power filter

This paper presents the tuning of a fractional proportional controller (FOPI) using artificial rabbit optimization for the control of photovoltaic (PV) and battery power series active power filters along with a shunt passive filter which is known as a hybrid power filter. The PV power generation is combined into a series active filter to alleviate the problem of voltage sag and swell in the power system and also supply real power to the grid. Generally, the proportional controller is used to control the series active filter, but this is a linear controller and is not able to control the non-linear power system effectively. This problem is effectively controlled by non-linear control, i.e., a fractional-order proportional integral controller. Another problem in FOPI is finding the optimal value for proportional gain, integral gain, and fractional order. There are no standard rules for finding these values. This will make system design more complex. In this paper, artificial rabbit optimization is used to simplify the system design by finding optimal values of the FOPI controller for the series active filter and enhance the overall performance of the system. The MATLAB 2020b/Simulink environment is utilized to assess the recommended controller’s performance. According to the experimental findings, the suggested system has a total harmonic distortion (THD) value for load voltage of 0.10 % and a total harmonic distortion value for grid current of 1.87 %. The proposed artificial-rabbit optimized FOIPI controller effectively controls the system against voltage sag, swell, and non-linear loads and also obeys IEEE power quality standards.

Effect of Combination Shunt Passive Filter Harmonic and Detuned Reactor on the K-Factor Changes of Transformer

This paper describes the impact of changes in harmonic distortion on the value of the transformer K-Factor. The transformer has a capacity of 1.5 MVA and a K-Factor value of 1 under normal conditions. Techniques were installed to reduce harmonic distortion, shunt passive filter, and detuned reactor. Several condition scenarios were created to compare changes in harmonic distortion's value to the K-factors value. Scenario 1, the transformer works in harmonic conditions. The K-factor value of the transformer becomes 3.947101, and the new capacity of the transformer that can serve the load becomes 1.27 MVA. Scenario 2, a passive shunt filter was installed in the transformer circuit. Shunt passive filter can reduce IHD-V and THD-V values on PCC but increase IHD-I and THD-I values on the load side. The k-factor value fell to 1.5775, and the new capacity of the transformer increased to 1.44 MVA. The novelty of this paper is in scenario 3, a combination of a passive shunt filter and a detuned reactor was installed in the transformer circuit. The detuned reactor can limit the harmonic current that enters the harmonic filter. As a result, all values, including IHD-V, THD-V, IHD-I, and THD-I fell below the maximum harmonic distortion limit. The k-factor value fell to 1.0361, and the new capacity of the transformer increased to 1.49 MVA. The existence of a detuned reactor has been able to increase the performance of the passive shunt filter. The impact of the detuned reactor for future research is that it can be used to protect important equipment in the electric power system.

COMPENSATION OF HARMONICS TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY USING HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER

This paper presents design, simulation and development of hybrid active power filter for mitigation of the power quality problem at ac mains in ac-dc power supply feeding to a nonlinear load. The power filter is consisting of a shunt passive filter connected in series with an active power filter. At first passive filter has been designed to compensate harmonics. The drawback associated with the passive filter like fixed compensation characteristics and resonance problem is tried to solve by HAPF. Simulations for a typical distribution system with a hybrid power filter have been carried out to validate the presented analysis. Harmonic contents of the source current has been calculated and compared for the different cases to demonstrate the influence of harmonic extraction circuit on the harmonic compensation characteristic of the shunt hybrid power filter.

Review on Microgrid Power Quality Improvement Using Active Power Conditioner

This paper discusses power system power quality issues and possible remedies using power electronics. Several worldwide standards for power quality control are briefly discussed, as well as some significant methods for analysis. Non-sinusoidal waveforms are introduced and assessed in an electrical circuit. The compensatory features and principles of operation of passive filters, shunt, hybrid, and series active power filters are presented. For each type of power filter, the topologies and control schemes of various power circuits are examined. Simulation and experiment are used to prove the compensating features of each topology with its corresponding control scheme. Harmonic current, power factor, and load unbalance can all be compensated for by the filter. Harmonic current, power factor, and load unbalance can all be compensated for by the filter. A power filter that has been employed there continuously monitors the load current and adapts to changes in load harmonics.

Output-Input Hybrid Passive Filter Design for Electric Vehicle Charging Station

The impact of electric car charging stations on power grid harmonics is growing as their existence continues to expand and creates harmonic distortion in the power system. At the same time, the quality of charging current and voltage through the process of charge becomes inferior. Therefore, reduction of output ripple factor (RF) and mitigation of input current harmonics is vital in this situation. This paper presents the design of the output filter and three kinds of shunt passive input filters to decrease the present harmonics generated in the industrial power scheme by the charging stations. The simulation software MATLAB/Simulink was used. Results were acquired before and after installation of filters and after installation of filters, it was found thatthe percentage RF of output current, voltage, and the percentage THD of the input current is reduced to match the set standards.

An improved passivity enforcement algorithm for transmission line models using passive filters

This paper proposes a simple but effective method based on shunt passive filters to enforce passivity on a frequency dependent transmission line model for multi-conductor cables and overhead lines. The passivity enforcement algorithm is applied to a widely-used frequency dependent line model in EMT-type software, the Universal Line Model. The passivity violating regions of the transmission line model are identified using the frequency sweep method. The passive shunt series RLC filters are added to the nodes of the transmission lines to eliminate passivity violations. Examples of multi-conductor underground cable systems are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

An Intelligent PI Controller-Based Hybrid Series Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement

The quality of power that is degrading day by day is an important issue for all the consumers. The important factor for this is harmonics in the voltage and current waveforms which can be resolved by the use of hybrid series active power filter. The combination consists of a series active power filter and a shunt passive filter connected in parallel to the load. The method used in this paper is for the purpose of achieving good harmonic compensation and reduced total harmonic distortion for various types of nonlinear loads as per the standards of IEEE 519. The proposed HSAPF technique uses the synchronous reference frame method for generating the compensating signal with an intelligent PI controller that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to obtain the required gain values needed to improve the steady state response of the system. The concept of vigorous HSAPF has been authenticated through MATLAB simulation analysis, and the results obtained validate the accuracy of the method for the different load conditions.

Experimental validation of solar PV sustained ZSI based unified active power filter for enrichment of power quality

The deployment of power electronic devices has become a big concern for power quality in these days. The voltage stabilization of power distribution networks interconnected with Photo Voltaic (PV) is very critical in promoting the smooth operation of all linked devices in the distribution system. Voltage profile maintenance is one of the challenges in PV integration into the grid. Conventional devices such as passive filters, series and shunt filters, synchronous condensers, etc. are insufficient to alleviate numerous problems of power quality. The series compensator is used for voltage quality and the shunt compensator is used for current quality. Also, if these two problems of power quality are simultaneously mitigated, the device is used in the distribution system known as Unified Active Power Filter (UAPF). The shunt and series compensator of UAPF is equipped with a Z-source inverter(ZSI). This paper addresses voltage and current associated existing power quality concerns which including voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current distortion and simulates the UAPF device to alleviate these problems. The Unit Vector Template Generation (UVTG) with Improved Second Order Generalized Integrator (ISOGI) based Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is utilized for UAPF controller simulation and experimental results validated the proposed work.

An Improved Load Feature Extraction Technique for Smart Homes Using Fuzzy-Based NILM

With the advancement of smart residential buildings, houseowners are increasingly interested to monitor the connected electrical loads in view of energy conservation and load management. Smart grid technology in the distribution system includes cutting-edge load monitoring applications, permitting efficient use of electrical energy. Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) technique is such a tool to recognize the consumption of energy for individual electrical loads in a residential system at a solitary point of measurement. In this article, an improved NILM method is proposed using a shunt passive filter installed at the source end of residential building with the help of current harmonic signature analysis. A fuzzy rule-based intelligent identification method is employed in order to detect and monitor different electrical loads considering various load features at the utility side. The major contribution of the proposed technique is the improvement in identification accuracy of household loads with multiple appliances. The connected filter additionally restricts the injected harmonics generated by the loads at the source end. The usage of the fuzzy technique also reduces the processor memory requirement than conventional machine learning techniques. Simulations backed by experimental results validate the viability of the proposed methodology.

Biomass Power Plant and its Harmonic Mitigation by Single Tuned Passive Shunt Filter

This paper presents the actual case study of a direct combustion biomass to electricity generation power plant. Conventional fuel sources used for generation of electricity may vanish in future hence biomass to electricity generation gives an important option. The development of biomass conversion technologies and their economic adoption has vast scope in India. In recent times / days electronically switched and nonlinear type of loads are used and applied by most of the consumers. When nonlinear types of loads are connected with supply, they introduce harmonics in the system, which produces so many bad effects such as increase in losses, resonance effect, malfunction of protective systems, saturation of magnetic core, decrease in efficiency etc. hence it is essential to mitigate the harmonics within the set limits. Traditionally single tuned passive shunt filters are most economical and efficient type of filters and are most widely used for almost all applications of harmonic mitigation. An analytical model of synchronous generator with nonlinear load is initially developed by using MATLAB. The simulation results with and without application of single tuned passive shunt filters are analyzed on power quality parameters such as VTHD and ITHD by using FFT analysis with achievement of harmonic mitigation.

Mitigation of power quality issues using UPQC

Abstract Power quality has become major concern these days due to application of power electronic devices. Conventional equipment like passive filter, segregate series and shunt filters and synchronous condenser etc. have become inadequate to mitigate different power quality problems. Since, power quality mainly concerned with voltage quality and the current quality in the system. For voltage quality, series compensator is used and for current quality, shunt compensator is used. Further, when these two power quality problems are mitigated simultaneously, the device, which is used, called unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), in power distribution system. In this paper voltage related power quality problems such as (voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current distortion) are discussed and UPQC controller is simulated to mitigate these problems. There are different control techniques available for UPQC. Here one of them i.e., unit vector template generation (UVTG) is used to simulate UPQC controller. The considered system efficiently regulated the DC link voltage using properly tuned PI parameters. The proposed work is also validated using experimental results.

Adaptive fuzzy controlled hybrid shunt active power filter for power quality enhancement

A novel switching pulse generation methodology based on adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controlled hybrid shunt active power filter (A-F-HCC-HSAPF) is presented in this paper for compensating reactive power and harmonics in distribution network. The harmonic problems are mainly evolved because of extensive use of nonlinear loads in industry and domestic sectors. There are some adverse effects of harmonics such as: malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, resonance issues, conductors heating, power losses and reduced efficiency in distribution system. To mitigate harmonics issues passive, filters are used but when the harmonic component increases the design of passive filters is complex and becomes bulky. With the advancement in power electronic, the active power filter has been designed. Generally, the rating of the active filter is very high for some applications; hence hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) is proposed by low-rated shunt active power filter (SAPF) and low-cost shunt passive filter. Proportional-integral or fuzzy logic controller is used to estimate the reference current and to regulate the dc capacitor voltage. To generate the switching pulse for the voltage source inverter of the SAPF, a novel adaptive fuzzy hysteresis current controller (A-F-HCC) is adopted. The performance of the proposed A-F-HCC-HSAPF is investigated during steady-state and transient conditions using MATLAB/Simulink and real-time environments.

Design and Simulation of three Phase three Wire Shunt Active Filter using Instantaneous PQ Theory

Due to intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads, power quality is degrading. The presence of harmonics in the power lines result in greater power losses in distribution, interference problems in communication systems. Non linearity reduces the efficiency and power factor of the system. As the power factor reduces, the reactive power demanded from the supply increases which have no any contribution in energy transfer, so compensation is required. For this, shunt passive filter has been developed but it is bulky and frequency dependent and has many drawbacks. In contrast to passive filter, shunt active filter (SAF) has been developed which is smaller and has wide range of applications. In this paper, shunt active filter based on p-q theory is demonstrated for compensating reactive power and current harmonics. Simulation has been done with and without SAF and results are presented and ended with recommendation and conclusion. An effort is made to reduce the THD of the source current below 5% (specified by IEEE).

Power Quality Improvement in 3-Phase Power System Using Artificial Neural Network Based Hybrid Filter

Harmonic-distortion is a serious problem in power systems involving linear and non-linear loads. Adding a passive-filter to the system is the most popular choice to reduce issues due to harmonic distortion. Passive-filter cannot eliminate all the harmonic components. A hybrid-filter, in which shunt active filter is serially integrated with shunt passive filter can provide better solution to the problems causing due to harmonic distortions. The paper proposes a hybrid filter with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based control scheme. A detailed study is done by developing a Simulink model for the proposed. Here in this paper, % Total-Harmonic-Distortion (THD) of compensated load-current is referred as a performance measure of the system. Also, a controller based on ANN is fabricated for the proposed scheme and through analysis in depth is carried out, this controller performance is found comparatively satisfactory.

Improved non‐intrusive identification technique of electrical appliances for a smart residential system

Electrical load monitoring techniques are valuable to consumer site for energy saving, permitting reduction in electricity costs. Nowadays, smart grid technology incorporates advanced load monitoring applications, enabling efficient consumption of electrical energy. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a moderately new practice to identify the power consumption of individual appliances of a consumer from the aggregated household at a single point of measurement. In this study, an improved NILM technique is proposed by using a shunt passive filter installed at the source side of any residential complex. The proposed method can be realised in two steps. The first step is to determine the harmonic impedance at the load side for different groups of loads for a single household. The second step is to implement a fuzzy rule-based approach for identification of different loads at the consumer end. Suitable simulations backed by experiments are demonstrated in this study to validate the viability of the proposed methodology.

Design of shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics in AC side due to Non-linear loads

<p>The quality of power is a major concern because of harmonics in the lines due to various sources. Passive filters have been used to eliminate the specific harmonics. In this paper shunt hybrid active power filter which consists of shunt active filter and shunt passive filter is designed to reduce harmonics in source side for non linear loads. The shunt passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit that behaves like a band-pass filter for a particular harmonic content. The shunt active filter is a VSI that produces reverse harmonic current based on Clarke’s transformation. This paper presents the control strategy by implementing instantaneous reactive power theory to design Shunt Hybrid Active Filter (SHAPF) for a non linear load. The proposed control technique is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK, Results prove there is considerable reduction in THD of source current from 30.35% to 3.25% with the proposed controller on shunt hybrid active power filter. The performance of SHAPF is better than Passive and Shunt Active Power Filters.</p><p> </p>

Practical considerations for reactive power sharing approaches among multiple-arm passive filters in non-sinusoidal power systems

Shunt passive filters are considered as the most reliable and economical tool for power factor improvement and harmonic suppression. Many mathematical techniques have been developed in the literature for reactive power division among multiple passive filter arms, taking into consideration different techno-economic aspects. In this paper, firstly, a comprehensive overview of all reactive power-sharing approaches among multiple-arm passive filters was presented. The eight presented approaches cover all of the former and recent industrial and research methods. Secondly, this article presented a new method of multiple-arm passive filter design based on the crow search algorithm (CSA) to minimize the total harmonic current distortion (THDI) as an objective function for an industrial plant. The simulated system was modeled through Matlab and the results are compared with eight conventional techniques with respect to the technical aspects such as filter efficiency, harmonic distortion levels, filter failure, interaction with the system, and filter cost to determine the most efficient design technique. Simulations are carried out in ETAP and Matlab environments. The simulation results obtained show the disadvantages of the traditional design methods and the advantage of the proposed solution among the other methods.