Shrimp Exports Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS OF FIVE MAIN FISHERY PRODUCT COMMODITIES IN BATAM CITY USING THE MARKOV CHAIN MODEL

Indonesia, an archipelagic country, boasts significant potential in the fisheries sector, notably in the export of fishery products. Batam as a free trade zone plays a major role in Indonesia's fishery product exports. According to the Central Statistics Agency's data, there has been a 2.47% decline in fish and shrimp exports in January and February 2023 compared to January 2022. Therefore, further analysis is needed on projected exports of fishery products in Batam. This study focuses on the utilization of the Markov chain model to analyze the export dynamics of Batam City's primary fishery product commodities, including Seaweed, Fish, Shrimp, Crab, and Shellfish. Monthly export data for Batam City's fishery products throughout 2021-2023 sourced from The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Based on these data, the transition probability matrix will be calculated based on the number of export transitions below and above the Moving Average (MA 12) value. The Markov chain model for this case is an erdogic Markov chain model, in order that the limiting probability of the Markov chain model can be determined. The result shows that exports of fish, shrimp and crab in the long term will exceed the average export size in the past year each after 7 months, 11 months, and 14 months later respectively, while exports of seaweed and shellfish in the long term will be below the large average exports in the past year after 15 and 5 months. This research result offer valuable insights for the government to formulate strategies and policies concerning fishery product exports

PERAMALAN EKSPOR TIGA KOMODITAS UTAMA SEKTOR PERIKANAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME SERIES: ARIMA

Batam City is one of the cities in Indonesia which is located in a strategic area on international shipping routes and has a sea area of 3,675 km so it has great potential for exporting fishery products, based on main commodities. Based on data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) in 2022, the performance of the export value of Indonesian fishery products during 2022 experienced positive growth of 21.63 percent compared to 2021. In 2021, the export value of Indonesian fishery products reached 1,258 million USD, increasing to 1,530 million USD in 2022. This fact shows that the marine fisheries sector still offers significant opportunities today. However, there are several obstacles that stand in the way of the export process. These obstacles include the low level of technology application, unequal infrastructure development in various fisheries centers, limitations in providing capital, low utilization of Indonesia's marine potential, and the use of fishing systems in the production process which are deemed unable to utilize Indonesia's marine potential optimally. Given this problem, it is interesting to see the forecast for fishery product exports according to the main commodities in the city of Batam. Is there an increase or a decrease? So the aim of this research is to describe the predicted results of the export value of fishery products according to 3 main commodities, namely shellfish, crab and shrimp in Batam City in the next 5 years. This research method is quantitative using the time series method: ARIMA. The research results show that the estimated export of shellfish and crab will decrease from 2023 - 2027. Meanwhile, the estimated export of shrimp will increase from 2023 - 2027

Increasing Selling Value of Processed Shrimp Products Using Strategies Developed by Six Sigma and Human Factor Integration

The export value of the Indonesian fisheries sector, including the shrimp industry, increases every year. Effective and efficient production processes are needed to maintain product quality, ensuring business sustainability. This study aims to determine the potential causes of shrimp product failure and provide improvement recommendations. The case study is one of the shrimp export industries in East Java, with the stretching process of shrimp sizes of 26-30, 2LX, L OIE, and 2L OIE. The results showed that size 26-30 had the most considerable defect per million opportunities (DPMO), with a value of 574,948 and a sigma value of 1.31. The cause of product defects with the highest risk priority number (RPN) is low labor motivation. The calculations using Herzberg's Theory show that the wage issue has the lowest value of 3.38. A SWOT analysis was then conducted to design a business strategy. The result shows that the company's position was in Quadrant 3, meaning it needs to change its strategy. The focus group discussions (FGDs) resulted in four recommendations, with a change in the wage scheme receiving the highest alternative weight evaluation value of 0.385.

Effectiveness of Use of UV Lamp in Disinfection of Additioned Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation Media Bacteria Vibrio Harveyi

One of the most promising fisheries products in Indonesia is vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which is also a top export comodity. From year to year the value of shrimp exports and production continues to increase. However, vaname shrimp are susceptible to bacterial and viral attacks, so countermeasures are needed, one of which is by disinfecting the cultivation media using a UV lamp. The aims of this research is to determine the level of effectiveness of UV lamps in disinfection of cultivation media. Experimental methodology with a completely randomized plan (RAL) is the method used in this research, with 4 trials and 3 replications. The results of the research conducted showed that UV lamps were able to reduce the total bacterial count to 4.69 x 108 CFU/mL at UV lamp 41 watt, reduce the total Vibrio bacteria to 30.33 x 106 CFU/mL at UV lamp 41 watt, increase the THC value to 8.83 x 106 CFU/mL cells/ml at P4, hyaline cells range from 31% – 54.67%, granulocyte cell values ​​range from 29.33% – 42%, semigranulocyte cells range from 16% – 27%, the highest AF value at P4 is 32.19%, and the lowest in P1 was 79.69%. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that UV lights can be used as a disinfectant of cultivation media, but the right dose or light power is needed to get maximum results.

Classification Of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp Export Data Using K-Medoids Clustering

Indonesia is one of the countries exporting caught, cultivated, and frozen shrimp to both developed and developing countries. Previously, the frozen shrimp export data was categorized based on the countries it was exported to. However, the list of frozen shrimp exports did not include the export levels. This research aims to explore the application of machine learning to analyze the frozen shrimp export data from the main destination countries using the K-Medoids cluster. The data for this research was sourced from the Bulletin of Foreign Trade Export Statistics documents by Product Group and Country, January 2023. The data used in this study covers the period from 2022 to 2023 and includes research variables such as net weight of goods (in tons) and FOB value (free on board). The cluster analysis revealed the formation of two clusters: one with high export levels and another with medium and low export levels.

Export-Led Growth in Bangladesh: A Functional Impact Analysis of Export Performance and its Contribution

Bangladesh has a significant opportunity to boost economic development by increasing its contributions to international trade. Therefore, this study is aimed at presenting the trends of exporting in the early stages of economic development. Bangladesh's foreign trade trends from 2015 to 2019 revealed a positive growth trajectory despite a slight dip in goods imports. The anticipated decline in foreign trade performance in 2020 is reflective of the global challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the rate of receiving foreign exchange from the integrated foreign export of shrimp, leather, shoes, and pharmaceutical products is constantly increasing. The main exports, encompassing products like clothing, raw jute, leather, fish, and frozen seafood, play a vital role in driving the country's export dynamics. The country has achieved remarkable success in export expansion because of the RMG industry. It was found that total exports of goods rose to 37.94 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. However, the subsequent recovery in 2021 is evident, with notable growth in both imports and exports. Despite a persistently negative trade balance, the resilience showcased by Bangladesh in the face of challenges underscores its ability to rebound and adapt to changing circumstances.

Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Vanname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation Pond Water Quality with A Recirculation System

In 2021 Indonesia was experiencing an increase in shrimp exports. Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is one of the shrimp with a good increase in exports and a type of shrimp with high resistance to environmental disturbances. Indonesia has land potential of about 2,964,331.24 hectares which can be used to increase shrimp production. The cultivation technique that can maximize this potential is a superintensive technique that uses closed aquaculture system. Recirculating Aquaculture system (RAS) is a closed aquaculture system that is suitable for shrimp farming because the water treatment is separated so that there is no significant change in environmental conditions. In this study, the RAS system was equipped with the use of an ultrafiltration membrane as a tool for the inflow water treatment. This study observe the physico-chemical water dynamics that occur during one cultivation cycle. It was observed that the DO of the pond decreased as the shrimp grew, the salinity increased during the cultivation process if there was no water replacement, the brightness decreased every day until it reached a specified point. Temperatures tended to be low due to weather factors, ammonia levels tended to decrease but nitrite and nitrate levels tended to increase due to the slower transformation rate of nitrite and nitrate. The operating system for this process was carried out by adding CaO and sugar. The addition of CaO ranges from 100-600 g/day. The effective addition of sugar if there was a spike in ammonia levels was 1.25 kg/day.

Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Non-Tarif Measures Terhadap Kinerja Ekspor Udang Beku Indonesia di Pasar Tujuan Utama

The shrimp commodity significantly contributes to the total export value of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. In 2021, Indonesia will become the fourth largest exporter of frozen shrimp on the world market. However, the value of Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports continues to fluctuate every year. Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports also face various challenges from non-tariff measures (NTM) policies, incredibly sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) imposed by importing countries. This study aims to analyze the performance of Indonesia's frozen shrimp trade in destination markets and the impact of NTM policies and other factors on Indonesian shrimp exports in destination markets. This research uses panel data model regression. The results showed there was still rejection of fishery products including frozen shrimp from Indonesia in importing countries due to excess chemical content. But the number of rejections is less than one percent compared to the total received. This is in line with the panel data regression results for the SPS variable which is not significant and the TBT variable which has a significant and positive effect. The non-significant results indicate that exporters in Indonesia can adjust the policies imposed by the importing country relating to product certification criteria, sampling procedures, packaging requirements, distribution requirements, and labeling requirements. For this reason, the Indonesian government needs to improve regarding rejection is the need for accurate and thorough sample testing of Indonesian frozen shrimp before export, as well as increasing assistance regarding threshold limits for chemical use for shrimp cultivators at the upstream level.

PENGARUH KURS RUPIAH, INFLASI DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA

This study analyzes the influence of exchange rates, inflation, and interest rates on shrimp exports in Indonesia from 1999 to 2019 using multiple linear regression. The research findings indicate that the exchange rate and inflation positively influence shrimp exports, whereas the interest rate negatively impacts them.
 The regression coefficient for the exchange rate is 10.015, which indicates that each depreciation of the rupiah by 1 rupiah per year will increase shrimp exports by 10.015 tons per year. Conversely, the interest rate has a negative regression coefficient of -3519.690, suggesting that each 1% increase in interest rates will reduce shrimp exports by 3.519,690 tons per year. Inflation has a positive regression coefficient of 3.333,168, indicating that each 1% increase in inflation will increase shrimp exports by 3.333,168 tons per year.
 However, only the exchange rate shows a significant relationship, with inflation and interest rates not significantly impacting shrimp exports.
 The model's coefficient of determination is 58.3%, meaning that approximately 58.3% of the variation in shrimp exports can be explained by the exchange rate, inflation, and interest rates. This study provides crucial insights for policy makers and the shrimp industry in considering the factors affecting shrimp exports for the creation of applicable policies and strategies.

Estimating the rejection risk of Indonesian shrimp exports from Salmonella spp. contamination using the food safety objective approach

Contamination by non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. in aquacultured shrimp poses a risk for human health. In Indonesia, the presence of the pathogen in shrimp raises a major concern for international trade because shrimp is one of the important exported fishery commodities. The aim of this study was to use food safety objective approach in combination with a quantitative microbiological risk assessment to determine the contamination of Salmonella spp. in raw materials, to estimate the risk of export rejection and to identify the contributing factors of export rejections. The prevalence and concentration of Salmonella spp. in shrimp based on real-time polymerase chain reaction of 7.02% and 0.72–1.46 log CFU/gr (mean: 1.00 ± 0.28 log CFU/g), respectively, were used to develop an exposure model. The exposure model was used to estimate the level of Salmonella spp. in frozen shrimp at the border of an export destination country, which was ca. −6.02 to −2.07 (mean −3.73 ± 0.73) log CFU/g. The value was compared to the food safety objective value determined from the required microbiological criterion of Salmonella spp. of n = 30, c = 0, and m = negative/25 g. As a result, the risk estimate for rejection was 27 rejections per 100,000 exports. The Salmonella spp. contamination level in raw materials and freezing technology were the primary factors contributing to the rejections. Moreover, maintaining the quality control of raw materials purchased or controlled quick freezing may be the mitigation formulae of export rejection of frozen shrimp due to Salmonella spp.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA

Shrimp is the leading non-oil and gas export commodity as well as the Indonesian fishery sub-sector. Shrimp commodity is also a commodity that has high competitiveness because it has fluctuating exports in the period 2013-2020. The purpose of this study was to determine how the condition of competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp commodities and the influence of competitiveness, production, GDP per capita and foreign exchange rates ( US$) partially and simultaneously on Indonesian shrimp exports in five export destination countries (United States, Japan, China, Malaysia, Canada). The data used in this study is panel data. Panel data is a combination of time series and cross section. To analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp commodities in five destination countries, the RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) method was used. The RCA values ??for the five destination countries show that Indonesian shrimp exports have strong competitiveness. Based on the research results, competitiveness, production, GDP per capita and foreign exchange rates simultaneously have a significant influence on Indonesia's shrimp exports. Partially competitiveness, GDP and foreign exchange rates have a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's shrimp exports. Meanwhile, production has a negative and insignificant effect on Indonesian shrimp exports

Forecasting of Export Prices of Indian Shrimp: An ANN Approach

Both internal and external externalities create impediments in price determination. This is more so when a product like the Indian-farmed shrimp is entirely an export commodity. Risk and uncertainty loom large over Indian shrimp farmers at both the farm and end-consumer levels. It becomes necessary to minimize the volatility in forecasted prices to help shrimp farmers stabilize their production strategies reasonably well. Export prices of Indian Pacific white and black tiger shrimp for different count sizes were analysed for developing forecasting models for two major international markets, viz., the United States and Japan. Overall, 16 data sets were compiled for developing appropriate price forecasting models. Models were developed to forecast weekly prices of shrimp exports from India and import prices from the United States and Japan. Out of several artificial neural network (ANN) models attempted, the best ANN models were selected based on the Akaike information criterion. The ANN model captured the fibrillations and fluctuations and gave a close prediction with actual values. Since the forecasted values were accurate and in sync with real data, the values can be expected to give a correct representation of the behaviour of the markets.

From Farm to Table: Transforming The Shrimp Industry through Food Traceability and Business Differentiation Strategies at PT. Udang Maju Sejahtera

This thesis investigates the development of a food traceability system for the shrimp export industry at PT. Udang Maju Sejahtera (UMS). The primary objective was to enhance the transparency and accountability of the shrimp supply chain, thereby improving product quality and consumer trust. The study employed a three-pronged approach: formulating a robust business strategy, innovating product development, and restructuring the organization into a cross-functional team. The business strategy focused on aligning the company’s operations with the emerging demands for food traceability in the export market. The product development innovation involved the creation of a traceability system that leverages advanced technology to track and record the journey of shrimp from farm to consumer. The restructuring into a cross-functional team aimed to streamline the decision-making process and accelerate the development cycle. The results indicated that while PT. UMS’s strategy aligns with the industry’s direction towards increased traceability, the development process was time-consuming and required organizational restructuring. The study concludes that the integration of a cross-functional team within PT. UMS could expedite the development and implementation of the traceability system, thereby enhancing the company’s competitiveness in the shrimp export industry. Recommendations for PT. UMS include enhancing innovation management, investing in advanced technology, collaborating with external partners, and adopting a culture of continuous improvement. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of these recommendations on the company’s performance and the traceability system’s effectiveness.

Export Performance of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp to Japan

This study aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian frozen shrimp export as a food product in Japanese market. The competitiveness of frozen shrimp products from Indonesia is also compared with the export country competitors, namely Thailand, Vietnam and China. As one of the largest shrimp exporting countries in Japan, Indonesia has great opportunity to occupy the top position as a frozen shrimp exporting country in Japan compared to the other competing countries. Competitiveness analysis is measured using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Acceleration Rate (AR) and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) approach. The data used were data from 2004 to 2021. The results show that Indonesia in exporting frozen shrimp to Japan has high competitiveness, but in controlling market share in Japan it is still relatively weak and Indonesia is also in a position of maturity stage of TSI and tends to become an frozen shrimp exporting country.

Strategy for Developing Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture Using Intensive/Super-Intensive Technology in Indonesia

The Government of the Indonesian Republic has targeted an increase in the value of shrimp exports and production until 250% by 2024. Thus, a special strategy is needed to develop whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture that can increase production but does not negatively impact the aquatic environment. For this reason, research was carried out to obtain a strategy for developing sustainable intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp culture in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The activity was conducted in South Sulawesi Province from March to July 2021. The data were collected from questionnaires submitted to respondents or actors, namely whiteleg shrimp brackishwater pond managers and other stakeholders and structured observations on whiteleg shrimp ponds. The validity of the questionnaire was tested using Corrected Item-Total Correlation method and the reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha method. Another primary data source was obtained through Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis was undertaken using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The research results show that, of the 18 intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp farming businesses operating in Bulukumba, Je’neponto, and Takalar Regencies, only one whitleg shrimp farming business applies super-intensive technology. The main problems in intensive/super-intensive whiteleg shrimp culture are disease attacks, namely acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease or early mortality syndrome and white feces disease and the inconsistent quality of seed. Among the four criteria studied, it was found that environmental factor criteria are the most influential in developing intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp culture. Among the seven alternative strategies, the order of priority of the alternative strategies is environmental protection of culture, management of culture areas, modern technological innovation, environmentally friendly culture technology, easy access to business and capital, improvement of human resources, and availability of pond facilities.

Determinants of Indonesia’s shrimp commodity export

For the last decade, Indonesia has exhibited enormous fishery potential, especially in shrimp commodities, in terms of quantity, export value, and annual production. In Indonesia, shrimp is the commodity with the highest number of transactions compared to other fishery commodities. This research on the factors of Indonesian shrimp exports can be used as a reference and provide more detailed information useful for the government and Indonesian shrimp exporters. Panel data regression analysis and the gravity model were used to obtain the best REM model using GLS. Research results indicated that the GDP per capita of the importing country, distance, and the population of the importing country significantly influenced the export value of Indonesian shrimp. At the same time, the exchange rate was an insignificant variable. Therefore, to increase Indonesia's shrimp export potential, the government and Indonesian shrimp exporters must consider to the importing country's GDP per capita and the selection of partner countries.

Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Shrimp Exports in Thailand: An Empirical Study Using Time Series Analysis

This study aims to assess the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on Thailand’s shrimp exports in 2020 by applying the Box-Jenkins forecasting technique. A monthly time series from January 2011 to December 2019, comprising 108 months in total, which is the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, was used to forecast Thailand’s shrimp exports of frozen and flavored shrimp from January to December 2020. Subsequently, the impact assessment was calculated by comparing the shrimp export values for the case with and without the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical results reveal that the most suitable models for the estimate are (1) SARIMA(4,1,0)(0,1,1)12 for the export volume of frozen shrimp, (2) SARIMA(1,1,0)(0,1,1)12 for the export price of frozen shrimp, (3) SARIMA(2,2,3)(0,1,0)12 for the export volume of flavored shrimp, and (4) SARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1)12 for the export price of flavored shrimp. The impact assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on shrimp exports in Thailand indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has positively affected frozen shrimp export at an impact valuation of 1325 million baht and flavored shrimp export at an impact valuation of 1632 million baht. The reason for this is due to the demand for shrimp exports from Thailand to replace the sharply reduced shrimp supply in the world market.

The competitiveness of Indonesia’s frozen shrimp exports in international market

Shrimp is the first Indonesia’s leading fishery export commodity, above tuna, squid, crab, and seaweed. The categories of shrimp that are exported are frozen shrimp, fresh shrimp, and processed shrimp, where the largest quantity for the shrimp export category is frozen shrimp. However, Indonesia’s export value growth for frozen shrimp is still lower than its competitors. This study aims to analyze the level of competitiveness of frozen shrimp exports in Indonesia among competing countries in international market. The data used was secondary data obtained from related agencies. The analytical method used to analyze competitiveness is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). This method was used to analyze changes in the level of competition for 1 years, namely 2007 – 2021. The results showed that in international market on 2007-2021, Indonesia’s frozen shrimp exports has a strong competitiveness. Indonesian frozen shrimp the competitiveness had a trend that tends to decline within 11 years. Based on the analysis results using RCA method, Indonesian frozen shrimp competitiveness on the 2007-2021 period was seen to decrease until 2012 and began to increase in 2013, while other competing countries, namely Argentina, Ecuador and India, showed an increase in competitiveness. Meanwhile, several other competing countries such as Bangladesh, Belgium, Denmark, Mexico, Thailand, and Vietnam experienced a decline in competitiveness as well as the value of RCA decreased.

Competitiveness and Determinants of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp Exports to Non-Traditional Markets

Shrimp is an Indonesian fishery commodity with a high selling value in domestic and international markets. Frozen shrimp, as a type of shrimp exported from fishery products, has enormous potential to be developed as one of the mainstay commodities in the fisheries sector. However, Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports in the last five years have fluctuated and are still unable to compete with competing countries in exporting to main destination countries. Expanding the export market by looking at non-traditional markets as new destination markets to increase its exports again is necessary. This study analyses the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesian frozen shrimp exports to non-traditional markets. The research methods used are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), X-Model to analyze the competitiveness and panel data regression to analyze determinants of Indonesian frozen shrimp exports to non-traditional markets. The results showed that Indonesian frozen shrimp are competitive in several non-traditional market destination countries. The estimation results in panel data regression show that the variables of real GDP per capita of the destination country, economic distance, export prices, actual exchange rates, population growth, and Logistic Performance Index (LPI) Indonesian and country of destination have a significant influence on Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports to non-markets traditional. Keywords: EPD, frozen shrimp, non-traditional market, panel data regresion, RCA, X-Model

A novel machine learning approach to predict the export price of seafood products based on competitive information: The case of the export of Vietnamese shrimp to the US market.

Predicting the export price of shrimp is important for Vietnam's fisheries. It not only promotes product quality but also helps policy makers determine strategies to develop the national shrimp industry. Competition in global markets is considered to be an important factor, one that significantly influences price. In this study, we predicted trends in the export price of Vietnamese shrimp based on competitive information from six leading exporters (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Ecuador, and Chile) who, alongside Vietnam, also export shrimp to the US. The prediction was based on a dataset collected from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (May-1995 to May-2019) that included price, required farming certificates, and disease outbreak data. A super learner technique, which combined 10 single algorithms, was used to make predictions in selected base periods (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). It was found that the super learner obtained results in all base periods that were more accurate and stable than any candidate algorithms. The impacts of variables in the predictive model were interpreted by a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to determine their influence on the price of Vietnamese exports. The price of Indian, Thai, and Chinese exports highlighted the advantages of being a World Trade Organization member and the disadvantages of the prevalence of shrimp disease in Vietnam, which has had a significant impact on the Vietnamese shrimp export price.