Shoulder Muscle Strength Research Articles

The relationship of range of motion and muscle strength to patients' perspectives in pain, disability, and health-related quality of life in patients with rotator cuff disease.

The literature emphasizes that a consideration of patients' perspectives is an important part of the assessment process; however, it is ignored by many clinicians because they believe physical impairment measures can reflect patients' perspectives about their symptoms. But the relevance of changes in physical impairments to changes in patient-reported outcome scores in rotator cuff disease is ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between changes in glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) and shoulder muscle strength and changes in pain, disability, and health-related quality of life scores before and after physical therapy in patients with rotator cuff disease. This was a retrospective study of thirty-nine patients with unilateral rotator cuff disease. All patients received a 6-week physical therapy program. The outcome measures were glenohumeral ROM, shoulder muscle strength, pain and disability using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and health-related quality of life as measured by the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index. All outcomes were measured before and after the treatment period. There were weak correlations between the changes in abduction ROM and the SPADI-total score (r = - 0.32, p < 0.05), and the changes in external rotation strength and the SPADI-disability score (r = - 0.32, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the changes in the other parameters. This study implies that the changes in glenohumeral ROM and shoulder muscle strength do not represent the changes in patients' perspectives in pain, disability, and health-related quality of life after the physical therapy program in patients with rotator cuff disease.

Effects of phonophoresis with acetic acid in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: case report

Background: The calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a dysfunction conservatively treated by shock waves, iontophoresis, and phonophoresis, associated or not with the use of acetic acid. Objective: To check the effects of phonophoresis with acetic acid in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in resorption stage. Methods: Measurements of ROM, muscle strength and functionality of the shoulder (SPADI) were made pre and post-physiotherapeutic treatment. The treatment protocol consisted of 10 sessions of therapeutic ultrasound with acetic acid (frequency = 3 MHz; intensity = 1.4 W/cm2; pulsed mode of 1:4), for 10 minutes, 3 times a week. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (20.0), through the Student’s t-test (paired) considering a significance level of 5%. Results: There was significant improvement regarding the ROM, muscle strength and functionality of the right shoulder (SPADI) comparing pre vs. post-treatment (P&lt;0.01). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences (P&gt;0.05), in the comparison between the shoulders (right X left) in the post-treatment. Conclusion: According to the results of this case study, the protocol used (10 sessions of therapeutic ultrasound + 5% acetic acid) was effective in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of shoulder, improving the ROM, muscle strength and functional capacity, in addition to eliminating the pain of the shoulder affected.

Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction with Teflon felt synthetic graft for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears: clinical and radiographic results at minimum 2-year follow-up

Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) was developed to improve shoulder function and relieve pain in patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears. Here, we investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes and postoperative complications of SCR using a Teflon graft for reconstruction. Thirty-five consecutive patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears underwent SCR with Teflon grafts. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeonsscore, active shoulder elevation, shoulder muscle strength, visual analog scalepain scores, acromiohumeral distance, and postoperative complications were investigated. Data obtained before and after surgery were compared by using a paired t-test, χ2test, and 1-way analysis of variance, and data from 1-layer-graft SCR (15 patients; mean age, 75.1 years) and 3-layer-graft SCR (20 patients; mean age, 76.6 years) were compared by using an unpaired t-test. The average time to final follow-up was 42 months (range, 24-69 months). SCR using Teflon grafts of either 1 or 3 layers significantly improved the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (by 20.8, P = .001 for a 1-layer graft; and by 31.1, P < .0001 for a 3-layer graft), visual analog scale score for motion pain (by 3.2, P = .001; and by 3.0, P < .0001), and muscle strength in shoulder abduction (by 11.9 N, P = .02; and by 10.9 N, P = .008). Active elevation at final follow-up was significantly greater in the 3-layer-graft group (142° ± 27°) than in the 1-layer-graft group (107° ± 42°) (P = .006). One year after SCR, acromiohumeral distance in the 3-layer-graft group was significantly greater than preoperatively (P = .04), whereas in the 1-layer-graft group, it was not. On postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, none of the patients in the 3-layer-graft group had graft tears, whereas 2 patients had graft tears and 1 patient had severe synovitis after 1-layer-graft SCR. SCR using a Teflon graft-especially a 3-layer graft-significantly improved shoulder function and shoulder abduction strength, with pain relief and a low rate of postoperative complications. SCR using a Teflon graft can be a viable option for irreparable rotator cuff tears, especially when an autograft or allograft is not available.

The Effect Of Baduanjin Exercise On University Students With Neck/shoulder Muscle Strength Imbalance

Muscular strength imbalance (MSI) on shoulder and neck is often a detonate for shoulder and neck postural diseases, for this reason, improving the neck/shoulder muscle imbalance could be a good method to prevent neck and shoulder problems. PURPOSE: This study tested the efficacy of Baduanjin exercise (BDJ), a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, on shoulder and neck muscle strength imbalance, and see if it is possible through this method provide a new idea of sports rehabilitation for shoulder and neck diseases problems. METHODS:40 sedentary university students, with either forward head posture and/or round shoulder posture were randomized to the BDJ intervention group (n=20) and control group (n=20), the same evaluation protocol was used before and after the intervention. During six weeks of training, The BDJ group was given Baduanjin training combined with a basic health education program, and the control group was treated only with a basic health education program. Baduanjin training was conducted three times a week, every time 50 minutes. The contents of health education program include healthy lifestyle tips, postural education and muscle stretching method. RESULTS: Significant changes were found within the BDJ group, specially on Forward Head Angle test, Maximal Internal/External Rotation test and upper quarter Y-balance test. CONCLUSIONS: this randomized control trial provides some evidence to support the positive effect of BDJ exercise as a new method of sport therapy for rehabilitation among people with shoulder/neck MSI.

Comparison of Shoulder Muscle Strength of Deaf and Healthy Basketball Players

Purpose: It has still not been made clear what effects the audio inputs from the environment may have on the muscle strength on people who spend long periods of their lives with hearing loss. The purpose is to evaluate shoulder muscle strength and endurance of deaf basketball (DB) athletes and to compare them with healty basketball (HB) athletes.. Methods: Study was carried out with a total of 26 athletes including 13 people in DB group and 13 people in HB group. Strength of shoulder internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: According to isokinetic test results, there was not a difference between two groups on either dominant or nondominant side in terms of ER and IR Nm/kg (p&amp;gt;0.05). ER/IR ratio was found to be different between two groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). Strength parameters of dominant extremities of athletes in both groups were found to be higher than nondominant extremity. Conclusions: As a result, IR and ER muscle strengths were similar in two groups, both groups were at risk for musculoskeletal injuries in terms of ER/IR ratio. It was thought that eliminating muscular imbalance between IR and ER muscles by adding ER strengthening exercises to training programs of athletes could reduce risk of injury. The dominant extremity was found to be stronger in both groups. In our opinion, symmetrical movement patterns will positively affect performance on dominant extremity.

Comparison of shoulder muscle strength, cross-sectional area, acromiohumeral distance, and thickness of the supraspinatus tendon between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with rotator cuff tears

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the differences in shoulder muscle strength, cross-sectional area of the rotator cuff muscles, acromiohumeral distance, and supraspinatus tendon thickness between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with rotator cuff tears. Thirty-two symptomatic patients and 23 asymptomatic patients with rotator cuff tears participated in this study. Data of the patients with any type of tear and supraspinatus tear were analyzed. We evaluated the isometric torque, cross-sectional area of the rotator cuff muscles, supraspinatus tendon thickness, acromiohumeral distance, range of motion, and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index. Asymptomatic patients showed greater isometric torque of shoulder abduction and internal rotation than symptomatic patients with any type of tear (P ≤ .01). Asymptomatic patients also demonstrated greater cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus (P < .01); however, there was no significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the other cuff muscles. There was also no significant difference in the supraspinatus tendon thickness (P = .10). The acromiohumeral distance at 90° of shoulder abduction was larger (P = .04) in asymptomatic patients. Additionally, similar tendencies were observed in the results of patients with supraspinatus tears, except for the isometric torque of shoulder external rotation. This torque was greater (P < .01) in asymptomatic patients. Asymptomatic patients showed greater shoulder range of motion, muscle strength of shoulder abduction and internal rotation, small occupation ratio of supraspinatus tendon thickness as a percentage of acromiohumeral distance, and large cross-sectional area of supraspinatus.

Shoulder pain syndrome in patients engaged in physical culture and sports: modern aspects of rehabilitation

The aim of the study was to estimate rehabilitation efficiency in the sportsmen and physical culture professionals with a shoulder pain syndrome. Materials and methods: 980 patients with a shoulder pain syndrome undergo rehabilitation treatment. The reasons of acute or chronic shoulder pain syndrome were: acute trauma (7% of cases) or chronic microtraumatization (93% of cases) of shoulder tissues during the physical culture activities and sport. Rotary cuff pathology was diagnosed in 88% of patients, long head of biceps pathology - in 5%, acromioclavicular joint pathology - in 4%, the subacromial bursitis in 2% of cases, damage of the glenoid labrum (Bankarta) in 1%. Clinical methods (including the quality of life questionnaire -DASH) and instrumental methods (USD and MRI) were used. The differentiated rehabilitation programs (with the use of modern physical therapy methods) were recommended considering features of shoulder pathology, a patients clinical condition and their physical (including sports) activity. Results: Excellent and good results were stated in 98% of patients with a shoulder pain syndrome. 2% of patients were directed for the surgical intervention (rotary cuff and glenoid labrum restoration). Compensation of a shoulder pain syndrome was stated in 82% of patients; in 16% of patients the pain syndrome had significantly decreased. In 87% of patients function of the injured shoulder joint was restored, in 11% of patients - it significantly improved. Strength of shoulder muscles and a humeroscapular rhythm were restored and the quality of life (according to the DASH questionnaire) improved in 98% of patients. Conclusion. Use of the differentiated programs of rehabilitation using modern physical techniques allows to receive excellent and good results in all patients with a shoulder pain syndrome involved physical culture and sport.

Muscle Strength Cutoff Points for Functional Independence and Wheelchair Ability in Men With Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveDetermine trunk and shoulder muscle strength cutoff points for functional independence and wheelchair skills, and verify the predictive capacity of relative and absolute peak torque in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). DesignCross-sectional study. SettingRehabilitation hospital setting. ParticipantsMen (N=54) with SCI were recruited and stratified into high and low paraplegia groups. InterventionsAll participants performed maximum strength tests for shoulder abduction or adduction (isokinetic) and trunk flexion or extension (isometric) to determine relative and absolute peak torque cutoff points for the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM-III) and Adapted Manual Wheelchair Circuit (AMWC). Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were SCIM-III, AMWC-Brazil test, and strength variables (peak torques). Demographic characteristics obtained from participants’ electronic medical records were the secondary outcomes used as predictor variables of functional independence. ResultsThe best predictive model for SCIM-III (R=0.78, P≤.05) used the sum of trunk flexion and extension relative peak torque values to determine the cutoff points (1.42 N·m/kg for a score of 70). Relative shoulder abduction peak torque was used in the predictive models for AMWC outcomes: performance score (R=0.77, P≤.05, cutoff points of 0.97 N·m/kg for 300.0m) and 3-minute overground wheeling (R=0.72, P≤.05, cutoff points of 0.96 N·m/kg for 18.5s). ConclusionsRelative peak torque showed better predictive capacity compared to absolute peak torque. Cutoff points were established for relative muscle strength and could help health professionals set appropriate goals for individuals with SCI to achieve high functional independence and wheelchair ability.

Shoulder Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Activation 2 Years after Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis-An Experimental Case Control Study.

Although reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has shown successful postoperative outcomes, little is known about compensatory activation patterns of remaining shoulder muscles following RSA. The purpose of this experimental case control series was to investigate shoulder muscle strength and neuromuscular activation of deltoid and teres minor muscles 2 years after RSA. Humerus lengthening, center-of-rotation medialization, maximal voluntary strength, and electromyographic (EMG) activity were compared between the operated and the non-operated side of 13 patients (mean age: 73 years). Shoulder muscle strength was significantly lower on the operated side for external rotation (−54%), internal rotation (−20%), and adduction (−13%). Agonist deltoid EMG activity was lower on the operated side for shoulder flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation (p < 0.05). Antagonist deltoid coactivation was higher on the operated side for external rotation (p < 0.001). Large correlation coefficients were observed between shoulder adductor strength asymmetry and both center-of-rotation medialization (r = −0.73) and humerus lengthening (r = 0.71). Shoulder abduction strength and neuromuscular activation were well preserved 2 years after RSA, while persistent strength and activation deficits were observed for shoulder adduction and internal and external rotation. Additional studies are required to elucidate shoulder neuromuscular activation patterns before and after RSA to support decision making for surgical, implant design, and rehabilitation choices.

Uticaj programa treninga snage mišića ruku i mišića ramenog pojasa na ishode učenja bacanja kugle - eksperimentalna studija u fizičkom vaspitanju učenika srednjih škola

The problem in this study is the lack of arm and shoulder muscle strength training on the results of high school student shot put. This study aims to determine how much influence the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model has on the results of the shot put in high school students (SMK). The research participants were students of class XI SMK Negeri Rambah Samo, Rokan Hulu Regency. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, amounting to 18 vocational students with an age range of 17-19 years (M = 18.2; SD = 0.8). This research is using the experimental method. The test instrument is shot put and data analysis using t-test statistics. The results of the study explained that the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model had the same effect on the results of students' throws. The results of statistical calculations show that the posttest t-count of the experimental group's arm and shoulder muscle strength is -0.11, where the tcount is smaller than t-table 9-0.11 &lt;2.06), so the conclusion is that arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength have the same effect on increasing shot throws. students. Therefore, arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength are as good as increasing student shot put results.

Comparison of isometric muscle strength between painful and non-painful shoulders in patients with symptoms of subacromial impingement

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The subacromial impingement syndrome is a dysfunction of the glenohumeral joint which can cause pain, functional disability, dependence, and low quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the muscle strength between painful and non-painful shoulders and to verify the relationship between shoulder pain and disability and isometric muscle strength of the upper limb and kinesiophobia level in individuals with symptoms of subacromial impingement syndrome. METHODS: Twenty volunteers with symptoms of subacromial impingement syndrome participated in the study. The evaluation was carried out by means of an evaluation form, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index questionnaire (SPADI - BRAZIL) to assess disability and shoulder pain and the TAMPA questionnaire to analyze the level of kinesiophobia. The evaluation of shoulder isometric muscle strength was performed using the Manual Hand-Held Dynamometer stabilized by a rigid band in the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and internal and external rotation of the shoulder. RESULTS: In the comparison of muscle strength between symptomatic and asymptomatic side, evidence of significant difference (p<0.05) was verified for all movements evaluated. There was a significant negative relationship between shoulder pain and disability index and isometric muscle strength of flexion and internal rotation, and a significant positive relationship with the level of kinesiophobia. CONCLUSION: Individuals with symptoms of subacromial impingement syndrome showed a significant reduction in muscle strength of the symptomatic shoulder. The shoulder pain and disability index is related to the isometric muscle strength of the shoulder and to the level of kinesiophobia.

Application Strategy of Staged Nursing Intervention After the Surgery of Huge Rotator Cuff Tears Under the Arthroscopy

Objective: To explore the application of staged nursing intervention after the surgery of huge rotator cuff tear under the arthroscopy, and to evaluate the impact on patients' postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 25 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for large rotator cuff tears in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. The intervention group used a staged nursing program to intervene, and Selected 25 patients who only received routine nursing intervention during the same period as the control group. The constant-murley shoulder function score, UCLA score, SF-36 quality of life score, and nursing satisfaction score were compared between the two groups after 6 months. Results: There was no statistically significant in the difference in the scores of pain, functional activity, shoulder joint mobility, and muscle strength of the constant-murley shoulder function score between the observation group and the control group before surgery (P > 0.05). The pain, functional activities, shoulder joint mobility and muscle strength scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and the UCLA score and SF-36 score of the observation group 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), and the nursing satisfaction score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Staged nursing intervention can significantly improve the Shoulder joint functional rehabilitation process and quality of life of patients who post operation of huge rotator cuff tears, and improve nursing satisfaction.

A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Akınoğlu B, Kabak B, Balci A, Kocahan T, Hasanoğlu A. A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry. Advances in Rehabilitation. 2020;34(3):1-7. doi:10.5114/areh.2020.99103. APA Akınoğlu, B., Kabak, B., Balci, A., Kocahan, T., & Hasanoğlu, A. (2020). A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry. Advances in Rehabilitation, 34(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2020.99103 Chicago Akınoğlu, Bihter, Banu Kabak, Aydin Balci, Tuğba Kocahan, and Adnan Hasanoğlu. 2020. "A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry". Advances in Rehabilitation 34 (3): 1-7. doi:10.5114/areh.2020.99103. Harvard Akınoğlu, B., Kabak, B., Balci, A., Kocahan, T., and Hasanoğlu, A. (2020). A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry. Advances in Rehabilitation, 34(3), pp.1-7. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2020.99103 MLA Akınoğlu, Bihter et al. "A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry." Advances in Rehabilitation, vol. 34, no. 3, 2020, pp. 1-7. doi:10.5114/areh.2020.99103. Vancouver Akınoğlu B, Kabak B, Balci A, Kocahan T, Hasanoğlu A. A comparative study of shoulder muscle strength, sense of proprioception and internal/external rotation flexibility between adolescent athletes with and without scapular asymmetry. Advances in Rehabilitation. 2020;34(3):1-7. doi:10.5114/areh.2020.99103.

The Relationship between High School Pitcher’s Ball Speed and Shoulder Muscle Strength, Proprioception

Purpose: This study is to investigate the relationship between pitcher’s ball speed, shoulder muscle strength, and proprioception. Methods: Thirteen high school pitchers participated in this study. Ball speed was measured using a speed gun. A dynamometer and an electrogoniometer were used to measure the strength and proprioception, respectively, for both internal and external rotations in the shoulder. Results: This study demonstrated that pitcher’s ball speed was correlated with muscle strength and proprioception of shoulder internal rotation. Conclusion: This result will help to provide the basic knowledge for sports rehabilitation and athletic performance.

ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK ATLIT POMNAS CABANG OLAHRAGA BULUTANGKIS MALUKU UTARA TAHUN 2019

This study aims to determine the physical condition of POMNAS athletes in North Maluku badminton sport in 2019. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all athletes who participated in POMNAS of North Maluku badminton sport as many as 4 people. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements namely physical condition tests which include: a) strength (muscle strength of the fingers, arm and shoulder muscle strength, leg muscle strength, back muscle strength), b) explosive power (arm and shoulder explosive power, leg muscle explosiveness, c) flexibility, d) speed, e) muscle endurance (stomach muscle endurance, arm and shoulder muscle endurance, leg muscle endurance and f) heart-lung endurance. The results of the study illustrate that the average level of physical condition of the North Maluku sports branch of POMNAS in 2019 is in the good category

ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK ATLIT POMNAS CABANG OLAHRAGA BULUTANGKIS MALUKU UTARA TAHUN 2019

This study aims to determine the physical condition of POMNAS athletes in North Maluku badminton sport in 2019. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were all athletes who participated in POMNAS of North Maluku badminton sport as many as 4 people. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements namely physical condition tests which include: a) strength (muscle strength of the fingers, arm and shoulder muscle strength, leg muscle strength, back muscle strength), b) explosive power (arm and shoulder explosive power, leg muscle explosiveness, c) flexibility, d) speed, e) muscle endurance (stomach muscle endurance, arm and shoulder muscle endurance, leg muscle endurance and f) heart-lung endurance. The results of the study illustrate that the average level of physical condition of the North Maluku sports branch of POMNAS in 2019 is in the good category

The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Professional Volleyball Athletes.

This study aimed to examine the vitamin D status of professional volleyball athletes and to determine its correlation with shoulder muscle strength. We included 52 healthy male professional volleyball players (23.2 ± 4.5 years), who were categorized by vitamin D status (<20 ng/mL: deficiency, 20–30 ng/mL: insufficiency, and >30 ng/mL: sufficiency). We examined the strength of the internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles of the shoulder by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Fourteen players (26.9%) had vitamin D deficiency, 24 players (46.2%) were vitamin D-insufficient, and 14 players (26.9%) were vitamin D-sufficient. There was no significant correlation between vitamin D level and shoulder muscle strength at 60°/s (IR, r = 0.159, p = 0.26; ER, r = 0.245, p = 0.08) and at 180°/s (IR, r = −0.093, p = 0.51; ER, r = −0.037, p = 0.79). Moreover, the isokinetic shoulder strengths were not significantly different across the three groups in all settings. In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency was common in elite volleyball players. Though not being associated with isokinetic muscle weakness, vitamin D levels should be regularly monitored, and vitamin D should be supplied to young elite athletes, considering its importance for musculoskeletal health.

Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear by Itself Does Not Cause Shoulder Pain or Muscle Weakness in Baseball Players

Background: Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries in baseball players. For some tears, the symptoms can be relieved through physical therapy or debridement without rotator cuff repair. Purpose: To assess whether partial-thickness rotator cuff tear by itself causes shoulder pain and muscle weakness in baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We studied 87 university baseball players (age, 19.5 ± 0.8 years; baseball career, 11.5 ± 1.6 years). All data were obtained during a full-participation annual medical check in 1 team. Rotator cuff tendons were examined ultrasonographically and allocated to 4 groups: (1) no tear, (2) supraspinatus tendon tear, (3) infraspinatus tendon tear, and (4) both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears. Current shoulder pain and shoulder muscle strength (dominant/nondominant) in abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation were compared by using chi-square and t tests. All players could play baseball with or without shoulder pain in this study. Results: Of the 87 players, 41 (47%) had articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears diagnosed on ultrasonography; the remaining 46 athletes were tear-free. Of the 41 affected patients, 19 had tears in the supraspinatus, 13 in the infraspinatus, and 9 in both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Tear depth (mean ± SD) was 4.6 ± 2.3 mm in the supraspinatus and 6.2 ± 3.6 mm in the infraspinatus. Neither the rate of shoulder pain nor muscle strength differed significantly among the 4 groups (P = .96 and P = .15-.70, respectively). Conclusion: Articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tear—by itself—did not cause shoulder pain and muscle weakness in university baseball players. Most so-called articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears may not be pathologic tendon tears.

Relationship between shoulder functional evaluation and muscle strength of collegiate swimmers

Background: We had performed a study to determine the relationship between shoulder muscle strength and abnormal findings using ultrasonography in Masters swimmers. Abnormal findings were obtained at a relatively high rate, even in shoulders without any symptoms, and no relationship between muscle weakness and abnormal findings was obtained. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between abnormal findings and shoulder muscle strength in collegiate swimmers.

Effect of an 8-week Indian clubbell strengthening programme on Handball players’ shoulder muscle strength and range of motion

Introduction: Overhead throwing sports players like cricketers and handball athletes undergo thousands of repeated shoulder rotations each playing season, predisposing their shoulders to heightened injury risk. Shoulder rotational range of motion and muscle strength maintenance have been advocated to prevent shoulder injury incidence. Indian clubbells are used as exercise equipment to improve shoulder range of motion and muscle strength. The physical dimensions of the Indian clubbells are advantageous as it permits the shoulder to be exercised in multiple planes of movement. Therefore the current study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of an 8–week Indian clubbell exercise programme on shoulder rotational range of motion and muscle strength.