Shot Putter Research Articles

STUDY OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A SHOT PUTTER ATHLETE

The concept of shot put, the structure of the shot put sector, the study of the results of the shot putters of Ukraine and the world arena, the description of the shooting technique "from the jump", the use of the concept of computer vision in sports are considered. The models and methods for calculating the performance of a shot putter athlete, models for calculating the shot put "from the spot" and "from the jump", the main tasks for the apparatus of neural networks and the use of the concept of computer vision to create a video analysis system are analyzed. The main task and purpose of the work is set. The formalization and algorithm of the neural network model for evaluating the pushing phases is presented. The created information model of the designed system is described in the language of visual modeling UML - diagrams of use cases, classes, cooperation, sequence, states and components are given. The possibilities of the system for studying the main indicators of a shot putter athlete, the possibility of using a video system to improve the technique of pushing are described. An example of the operation of this system is given and an analysis of the calculation results is carried out.

The Effect Of Advanced Imagery Training On NCAA Shot Putter Performance

Imagery training is practiced with the goal of improving consistency of performance under pressure and to maximize skill execution. A recent model for advanced imagery training incorporates seven areas into the protocol to make it more realistic and vivid for athletes. These include Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective (PETTLEP). PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a PETTLEP-based imagery script on college shot putter performance as measured by peak force (PF), release angle (RA), release height (RH), release velocity (RV), and distance thrown (DT). METHODS: Ten NCAA shot putters (n=5 females & n=5 males) participated in this study. Each participant created a personal imagery script with personal cues. Imagery was conducted five days per week for three weeks. A pre- and posttest design was used to evaluate the efficacy of PETTLEP-based imagery. Data was recorded using advanced force plate technology, biomechanical sensors, and infrared camera equipment and performance variables recorded included peak force, release angle, height of release, and release velocity. RESULTS: While all dependent variables increased in value, results yielded no significant difference in pre- to posttest for PF (Pre: 969.50 ± 185.18N; Post: 1030.16 ± 201.37N, p > 0.05), RA (Pre:33.42 ± 4.62°; Post: 36.95 ± 8.08°, p > 0.05), RH (Pre: 2.00 ± 0.11m; Post: 36.95 ± 8.08m, p > 0.05), and RV (Pre:10.89 ± 0.97m/s; Post: 11.29 ± 0.79m/s, p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found for DT (Pre: 12.49 ± 2.14m; Post: 11.29 ± 1.67m, p < 0.05). Additionally, release velocity significantly correlated with distance thrown in both the pre- and post-tests (r= .962 and r= .834 respectively). Findings from the pretest linear regression analysis support using the model for release angle, release height, release velocity, and peak force production as a predictor of distance thrown with a level of confidence (F (4,5) = 26.29, p< 0.001; R2 of .918). CONCLUSION: While these findings are encouraging, the PETTLEP-based imagery training model employed in the present study needs to be valuated further to determine its effectiveness for consistently enhancing athletic performance.

Impact of the Angular Position of Individual Body Segments of a Shot Putter in the Projection Onto the X-Axis to the Distance of the Shot Range / Uticaj uglovnog položaja pojedinih segmenata tijela bacača u projekciji x ose na dužinu dometa kugle

The study was conducted with the objective to determine the impact of the angular position of individual body segments in the projection onto the x-axis to the distance of the shot range. It was conducted on one individual who is Bosnia and Herzegovina’s national team shot putter Hamza Alić. The selection of variables was adjusted to the sample of the examinee which was specific in the study and which was conditioned by placing sensors on the examinee’s individual body segments during the recording. For determining kinematic parameters, A = acceleration of shot putter’s individual body segments in the x-axis, 22 variables were applied (predictor group) and criterion variable for calculating kinematic parameters of the shot putter which is made up of the distance of the shot range (36 proper throws). On the basis of the results gathered in regression analysis it can be inferred that by increasing the angle of the right and left elbow as well as left knee, the distance of the achieved result in throwing a shot put is increased.

Relationships between power outputs measured from force-velocity test, Optojump test and Five-jump test in male shot putters

Summary Purpose The purpose was to investigate relationships between force-velocity peak power output, Optojump average power output, 5-jump relative leg length power output and shot put performance. Methods Twelve shot putters participated in this study ( n = 12, age 18.8 ± 1.5 years, weight = 96.6 ± 8.8 kg, height = 178 ± 7 cm, BMI = 30.5 ± 3.2 kg·m −2 ). Force-velocity peak power output, Optojump average power output and 5-jump relative leg length power output were estimated using force-velocity test, Optojump test and 5-jump test, respectively. Shot put performances were measured during a simulated competition. Results Significant correlations were found between absolute value force-velocity peak power output (W) and leg muscle volume ( r = 0.80; P r = 0.77; P r = 0.81; P r = 0.63; P r = −0.25; r = 0.55), respectively. Conclusion The correlation between force-velocity peak power output (W) and shot put performance showed that force-velocity test constitutes a useful tool assessing peak power output in shot putter athletes. Optojump test and 5-jump test seem not to be accurate for such subjects. Technical abilities and fat mass probably constitute the limiting factor in shot putter during those tests.

Radiology's Decathlete: The Generalist

Ashton Eaton is the world record holder in the decathlon, having won gold for the United States at the 2012 London Olympic Games. Like many decathletes before, he is not the fastest sprinter, longest or highest jumper, strongest shot putter or discus thrower, greatest hurdler or vaulter, or best distance runner. But as a total package, competing in all 10 events over 2 days, he performs at a higher level than any athlete in history. Emergency Radiologists: At the Crossroads of Specialty and General RadiologyJournal of the American College of RadiologyVol. 12Issue 2PreviewWe read with interest the opinion piece “Radiology’s Decathlete: The Generalist” [1], which extolled the virtues of general radiologists. It should be noted that many of the advantages of the role of the general radiologist are embodied by practitioners of the growing field of emergency radiology. Whether fellowship trained in emergency radiology or in one of the other traditional radiology specialties, practicing emergency radiologists are usually the most experienced and expert in the evaluation of trauma and many other emergency conditions in patients of all ages [2]. Full-Text PDF

남자 고등부 포환던지기 선수들의 연도 별 기록에 따른 글라이드와 딜리버리 국면의 운동학적 차이

The purpose of this study was to provide high school male shot putters training methods of gliding and delivery motion through comparative analysis of kinematic characteristics. To accomplish this purpose, three dimensional motion analysis was performed for the subjects(PKC, KKH, YDL) who participated in high school male shot putter competition on 92nd (2011), 93rd (2013) National Sports Festival. The subjects were filmed by four Sony HXR-MC2000 video cameras with 60 fields/s. The three-dimen- sional kinematic data of the glide, conversion and delivery phase were obtained by Kwon3d 3.1 version. The data of the shoulder rotational angles and projection angles were calculated with Matlab R2009a. The following conclusions had been made. With the analysis of the gliding and stance length ratio, the gliding length was shorter at the TG than the SG with short-long technique but the gliding and stance length ratio was 46.8:53.2% respectively. The deviation of the shots trajectory from APSS(Athlete-plus- shot-system) revealed that the PKC showed similar to n-a-b-c-I of skilled S-shape type, KKH and YDL showed n-a-d-f-I' of unskilled type. Furthermore, they showed smaller radial distance from the central axis of the APSS and the shots were away from the linear trajectory. From this characteristics, The PKC who performed more TG than SG had shorter glide with S-shape of APSS(skilled type) showed the better record than others with technical skill. But KKH and YDL had bigger glide ratio with n- a-d-f-I' of unskilled type and improved their records with technical factor. The projection factor had an effect on the record directly. Because PKC maintained more lower glide and transition posture with momentum transfer through COG's rapid hor- izontal velocity respectively the subject possessed the characteristics of high horizontal and vertical velocity with large turning radius from shot putter to APSS.

Study on the Motion Law of Shot Putters Based on Dynamic Simulation

In order to get the bigger release speed, and obtain the better achievement, the motion law of shot putters should be studied in depth, and the quantitative research is important for shot put from the angle of kinematics, and the motion law of the shot putter can be found out, which will offer theory basis for improving the skill level of shot putter. And the dynamic simulation is applied in analyzing the motion law of the shot putters. First, the research methods are analyzed; the theory model, the experimental test method, and data analysis method of analyzing the motion rules of the shot putter are discussed. Second, the kinematics analysis of part parameters of left link and right for 7 shot putter. And then the effect of the part parameters in final exertion phase on the release effect is analyzed, and finally the main affecting factors of optimal release angle are discussed.

The Olympic Games and performance-enhancing drugs

The 2012 Olympic Games ended recently in London, with a number of world records having been broken in various events. What did not receive a lot of publicity was how many athletes were disqualified for using performance-enhancing drugs before and during competition. Before the games, three athletes were suspended and charged with doping violations, namely Moroccan 1 500 m runner Amine Laalou, Belarus hammer thrower Ivan Tsikhan, and the Colombian 400 m runner Diego Palomeque, who was provisionally suspended after testing positive for testosterone. Immediately after the closing ceremony, Nadzeya Ostapchuk, a Belarus shot putter, was stripped of her gold medal after she tested positive for the anabolic agent metenolone during in-competition testing.

고등부 남자 포환던지기 선수의 시기 별 글라이드 유형과 딜리버리 국면의 운동학적 분석 - 고등부 이형근 선수를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study was to provide information about kinematic variables of the gliding and delivery motion of Hyung-Keun Lee, a high school shot putter who was ranked 1st at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 4 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was conducted during shot-putting events at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. During the gliding and delivery phase of the player the results showed following characteristics; 1) The gliding technique types of the player appeared to be the short-long technique as the gliding and stance length ratio were <TEX>$42.3{\pm}3.87$</TEX> % and <TEX>$57.7{\pm}3.87$</TEX> %, respectively. In addition, the trajectory of shots during the gliding and delivery phase showed different trajectory patterns with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to the deviation from a central axis of the APSS (athletic-plus shot system). 2) The horizontal velocity of COG made from gliding should maintain the velocity during transition and release phase, but the player showed a small momentum for a gradual decrease of velocity. 3) Therefore, the player requires to adjust an appropriate ratio between gliding and stance length with a strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity during gliding and delivery phase.

Characterization of Throwing Technique in Shot Put by Using Release Model with Three Degrees of Freedom

As a model for putting a shot, we employ a release model with three degrees of freedom which model includes three parameters: a shot putting speed, a release angle and a horizontal speed of the shot putter's body. The three DOF model provides the explicit solution of the optimum release angle with the model parameters, and the solution is used for estimating the value of the model parameters from measured data. Under the assumption that shot putters release a shot at their optimum angles, the speeds of putting a shot and the body are estimated. The result shows the distinct negative correlation between these speeds. Also, we attempt to clarify the difference between the glide and rotational techniques which are popular throwing techniques in shot put. It is found that the distribution of the body speed and the optimum putting angle depend on the throwing techniques, and this result suggests that the three DOF release model explains the difference between the throwing techniques from the standpoint in mechanics.

TRACK AND FIELD: Preseason preparation for the collegiate shot putter

TRACK AND FIELD: Preseason preparation for the collegiate shot putter

PROGRAM DESIGN: Integration of Program Variables for the Preparation of the Shot Putter

PROGRAM DESIGN: Integration of Program Variables for the Preparation of the Shot Putter