The Effect Of Advanced Imagery Training On NCAA Shot Putter Performance

Abstract

Imagery training is practiced with the goal of improving consistency of performance under pressure and to maximize skill execution. A recent model for advanced imagery training incorporates seven areas into the protocol to make it more realistic and vivid for athletes. These include Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective (PETTLEP). PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a PETTLEP-based imagery script on college shot putter performance as measured by peak force (PF), release angle (RA), release height (RH), release velocity (RV), and distance thrown (DT). METHODS: Ten NCAA shot putters (n=5 females & n=5 males) participated in this study. Each participant created a personal imagery script with personal cues. Imagery was conducted five days per week for three weeks. A pre- and posttest design was used to evaluate the efficacy of PETTLEP-based imagery. Data was recorded using advanced force plate technology, biomechanical sensors, and infrared camera equipment and performance variables recorded included peak force, release angle, height of release, and release velocity. RESULTS: While all dependent variables increased in value, results yielded no significant difference in pre- to posttest for PF (Pre: 969.50 ± 185.18N; Post: 1030.16 ± 201.37N, p > 0.05), RA (Pre:33.42 ± 4.62°; Post: 36.95 ± 8.08°, p > 0.05), RH (Pre: 2.00 ± 0.11m; Post: 36.95 ± 8.08m, p > 0.05), and RV (Pre:10.89 ± 0.97m/s; Post: 11.29 ± 0.79m/s, p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found for DT (Pre: 12.49 ± 2.14m; Post: 11.29 ± 1.67m, p < 0.05). Additionally, release velocity significantly correlated with distance thrown in both the pre- and post-tests (r= .962 and r= .834 respectively). Findings from the pretest linear regression analysis support using the model for release angle, release height, release velocity, and peak force production as a predictor of distance thrown with a level of confidence (F (4,5) = 26.29, p< 0.001; R2 of .918). CONCLUSION: While these findings are encouraging, the PETTLEP-based imagery training model employed in the present study needs to be valuated further to determine its effectiveness for consistently enhancing athletic performance.