Shortage Of Space Research Articles

Life sciences center set for Chicago

The real estate firm Sterling Bay plans to create Prysm Life Sciences, a multitenant medical research facility in Chicago’s Lincoln Park neighborhood with more than 11,000 m2 of lab and office space. “While Chicago already has a great reputation in health care and innovation, there is still a critical shortage of actual lab space here,” Sterling Bay CEO Andrew Gloor says. The firm says renovation of the building, formerly part of Lurie Children’s Hospital, has begun.

Buscando espacios para la formación de intérpretes para la justicia en lenguas indígenas en América Latina

Este artículo hace una revisión crítica, en un marco de derechos humanos y de derechos de los pueblos indígenas, de la oferta educativa para intérpretes de lenguas indígenas en América Latina con énfasis en Perú y México. Ambos países cuentan con leyes que garantizan el uso, la preservación, la promoción y la difusión de las lenguas indígenas. La necesidad social de contar con intérpretes certificados o acreditados que faciliten el acceso a los servicios públicos para hablantes de lenguas indígenas ha forzado a los gobiernos a crear políticas públicas para su atención. Nos centramos especialmente en el ámbito de acceso a la justicia, señalando los logros y lagunas en ambos países. La escasez de espacios de formación permanentes en instituciones de educación superior para las combinaciones lingüísticas de español y lenguas nacionales indígenas obligan a definir otro tipo de formaciones donde participan actores institucionales variados, como son los gobiernos federales y estatales, asociaciones de la sociedad civil e instituciones educativas. Los datos proceden de una investigación llevada a cabo en Puebla y Oaxaca (2011-2018), recientemente extendida hacia Perú en el marco de un proyecto de cooperación triangular coordinado por la Universidad de Amberes (Bélgica) y la Universidad Veracruzana (México), en colaboración con la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas.

Commuter Departure Time Choice Considering Parking Space Shortage and Commuter’s Bounded Rationality

In order to better understand how commuters decide departure time considering parking space shortage and commuters’ bounded rationality, the reference point hypothesis of prospect theory is applied in the departure time decision-making. Commuter personal perception differences, the road congestion situation, destination parking status, and other factors were also analysed in the influence of commuter departure time choice. Based on prospect theory, an experiment was designed to investigate the intention of the commuter departure time choice. The experiment results show that the commuter’s travel satisfaction and the departure time choice of the next trip are related to the parking space residual status after the commuter arrives at the destination. The satisfaction degree of the commuter is reduced, with the decrease of the remaining parking spaces. If the commuter is satisfied with the travel result, the commuter’s departure time of next trip tends to be later. In the case of illegal parking, different penalty measures may lead to different decisions of next departure time choice. A commuter tends to depart earlier when more severe punishment for illegal parking is enforced. The research results can reveal to some degree the travellers’ departure time choice behaviour when they face the risk of no parking spaces and provide a theoretical and practical support for parking management and car travelling decision.

Application of technology to car parking facilities in Asian smart cities

PurposeThis study aims investigate the status of applying technology in car parking facilities. It also examines the factors affecting the deployment of these technologies as they improve the efficiency and convenience of car parking facilities amidst changing transport needs in Asian smart cities.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review informs the relationships between car park provisions and the traffic congestion problem. A typology covering different technological solutions is then formulated. The factors affecting the use of two such common technologies (i.e. mechanical car parks and intelligent information systems) are examined in two emerging smart cities in Asia with the aid of a desk-top study for Singapore and a survey covering over 600 samples (including users and non-users, as both groups are important to derive influencing factors) in Hong Kong.FindingsThe extent to which mechanical car parks may help relieve the space shortage problem depends on their relative costs and the facility management performance. For real-time vacancy information systems, their wide spread use depends on drivers’ age and past parking experience.Research limitations/implicationsDue to geographical constraints, only two Asian cities (Singapore and Hong Kong), where the use of smart technologies is flourishing, are included in the study. The survey on car parking apps is preliminary due to their relative short deployment in Asia. It is expected that the phenomena will quickly spread in the region as more smart cities are developed.Originality/valueBy expounding on the development of modern parking technologies in smart cities, the important influence of car parks as a strategic facility toward solving traffic congestion and environmental problems is brought to the attention of policy makers, in particular the influencing factors affecting strategies to promote the use of parking apps.

Numerical analysis of the wind and thermal comfort in courtyards “skycourts” in high rise buildings

Over the years, skycourts have been built to solve problems of green space shortages while providing benefits towards social and environmental benefits to the urban habitat. It is an architectural feature that can provide an alternative to semi outdoors areas. Through the analysis of previous related works, it was observed that existing skycourts are not popular due to wind and thermal comfort problems. This has led to the investigation into the aero-thermal comfort in different skycourt designs within a high-rise building model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Validation of the base model with experimental data showed good agreement. Through the simulation of several skycourt designs to obtain wind patterns across various skycourt levels, a general relationship between wind velocity of the approach flow and skycourt levels was made that lead to the determination of a wind velocity factor that allows comparison of wind comfort within any skycourt design. Using established wind comfort criteria, comfort within various skycourt regions were analysed. The results showed that skycourt designs have minimal effect on the temperature distribution particularly when vegetation is not considered. The study also investigated how skycourts would perform under more realistic conditions by adding heat sources representing internal gains within the interior spaces of skycourts. Future studies can focus on the investigation of skycourts with adjacent buildings and the effects of vegetation on aero-thermal performance. This would allow determination of skycourt performance under more realistic conditions.

The socio-ecological practice of building blue-green infrastructure in high-density cities: what does the ABC Waters Program in Singapore tell us?

Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is the network of green spaces that provides multiple water-related ecosystem services. This article explores the Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Waters Program as a socio-ecological practice that builds BGI for the high-density city-state of Singapore. Launched in 2006, the ABC Waters Program aims to simultaneously improve the recreational value, physical appearance, and water quality of all waters in Singapore through 2030. Driven by the quest for water security and the pursuit of a higher quality of life, the program involves sustainable stormwater management and waterway enhancement to enrich the functions of the existing aquatic and terrestrial green spaces. The ABC Waters Program provides valuable lessons for other high-density cities to overcome land scarcity as a constraint on BGI. With a shortage of green spaces, high-density cities should strive to optimize the existing green spaces in the provision of ecosystem services and to leverage cultural ecosystem services to engage citizens and gain public support. The case study on the ABC Waters Program also reveals a research gap in the socio-ecological practice research on BGI planning and design. The fundamental question of what qualifies as BGI has yet to be answered, and it is rarely discussed to what degree urban waterways can be considered BGI.

Construction waste generation estimates of institutional building projects: Leveraging waste hauling tickets

The large proportions of waste generated from the construction industry have led to adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts, and as such, there is a need to promote construction waste management (CWM) practices. However, there is limited information regarding construction waste (CW) generated from nonresidential buildings available to support such CWM practices. This study seeks to quantify CW generated from a nonresidential institutional building project using CW data collected from 535 waste hauling tickets. These tickets provide a waste generation summary itemized by various CW streams. The CW data was collected through coordination with the project waste management team. Findings reveal that concrete/masonry is the highest waste stream during the Foundation (46% of CW) and Structural Concrete (88% of CW) stages. During the Masonry Work and Finishing Stage, wood is found to be the primary contributor (54% of CW), followed by concrete/masonry (35.3% of CW). The estimated CW generation rate was approximately 69 kg/m2, with the concrete/masonry and wood waste streams having the highest generation rates of 33.61 kg/m2 and 28.21 kg/m2, respectively, comprising 90% of the total CW across the project. Due to the temporal characteristics of different waste streams, varying CW dumpsters available onsite is recommended based on the construction stage, to mitigate space shortage impacts. Furthermore, this study quantifies the benefits of recycling CW as environmental savings of trees, water, energy and greenhouse gas emissions. Findings of this study would help refine the accuracy of the reported estimates of CW generation for nonresidential construction projects. By shedding light on the corresponding handling practices of the generated waste and project management processes applied on institutional projects, the study can also serve as a guide to better plan for and coordinate the management of CW of these projects. Results may be used to promote and encourage the adoption of CWM practices at the site level to improve the sustainability performance of the construction industry.

Institutional factors affecting urban green space provision – from a local government revenue perspective

Statutory land-use planning allocates different uses of land resources. However, local governments may focus on economic development and financial revenue, leading to environmentally unfavourable outcomes, such as a shortage of public urban green space (UGS). Land resource allocation in planning is associated with institutional arrangements. This study aims to link the corresponding institutional factors under the themes of initial land ownership and governing instruments to the fiscal effect of UGS provision. A comparative study with different scenarios is conducted using land market data to demonstrate quantitatively the influence of such factors on government revenue. The results suggest that the situation with initial public land ownership status backed up by regulatory instruments is more advantageous for providing UGS than that with the initial private land ownership status relying on market-based instruments. The study identifies the characteristics of different institutional arrangements, outlining institutional changes and possible strategies for improving urban sustainability.

Challenges of Cooperation between the Pre-hospital and In-hospital Emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents: A Qualitative Study.

Objective. To take a deep look at the challenges of cooperation between the pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents. Methods. This is a qualitative study and the method used is of content analysis type. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Through purposive sampling, fifteen employees from ambulance personnel and hospital emergency staff were selected and interviewed. They expressed their experiences of cooperation between these two teams in the handover of traffic accident casualties. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis method was used to explain and interpret the content of the interviews. Results. Three major categories were derived from the analysis of interviews: Shortage of infrastructure resources (Shortage of equipment, Shortage of physical space, and Shortage of manpower); Inefficient and unscientific management (Shaky accountability, Out-of-date information based activities, Poor motivation, and Manpower low productivity); and Non-common language (Difference in understanding and empathy, and Difference in training and experience). Conclusion. The obtained results of this study suggest that the careful planning of resources, the promotion of managerial practices as well as empowerment program of the staff, healthcare managers and policymakers can take a pace forward in order to enter into a hearty coordination between these two services for the attention of victims of road traffic accidents.

Use of rest areas by passenger car drivers on fast road network in Poland

An integral part of a well-functioning network of national roads are Rest Areas (RA). They are crucial for road safety, provided that they are properly arranged and designed (not too long distance between them and enough number of parking spaces). They allow the drivers to safely stop and rest (use the toilet, use the telephone, eat a meal, sleep, etc.). However, in Europe, there is a shortage of parking spaces. In Poland, the situation is additionally complicated due to the lack of the current methodology for RA planning and design. There are also no indications for which traffic conditions a calculation should be made and measurements should be performed. The objectives of this study were to determine the use of rest areas by passenger car drivers, including in particular the determination of the percentage of vehicles entering the given RA and determination of the appropriate time interval for parking demand data collection. It was found that use of RA depend of its individual facilities and direction of movement (varied from 2.1% to 19.3% of the main-line traffic) and it’s the biggest on Friday from 12:00 to 18:00. This study was conducted on four RA located in central region of Poland.

Research on IPv4, IPv6 and IPV9 Address Representation

Abstract The new generation network architecture (IPV9) is designed to solve a series of problems such as the shortage of address space and the danger of information security. IPv4 addresses have a length of 32 bits and a theoretically expressible address space of 232, while IPv6 addresses extend to 128 bits and theoretically an address space of 2128. In this paper, by studying IPv4, IPv6 address structure focuses on the new generation of network IPV9 address representation method. This method adopts the address coding method of the variable-length and variable-position, ranging from 16 bits to 2048 bits. Moreover, it adopts the mechanism of verification before communication, and relies on the method of assigning addresses to the computers on the Internet with full character codes. It redefines the address structure of the future Internet and provides new solutions for the Internet of things and the Internet of everything.

Safety of Pediatric Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest in Daycare Setting: An Institutional Experience.

Introduction:Children serving as a donor for their siblings will require anesthesia or sedation. In view of shortage of time and space in operating room setting, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest is performed as a daycare procedure.Aim:This study aims to find out whether performing PBSC harvest in hematology blood collection area as a daycare procedure is safe or not.Settings and Design:This secondary analysis included 164 pediatric PBSC harvest (154 pediatric donors, of which 10 had repeat harvesting done) donors, performed under anesthesia, in the Department of Hematology, between January 2009 and June 2017.Materials and Methods:Donors were examined, informed consent was obtained, and adequate premedications were ensured. Induction was intravenous for cooperative donors or inhalational sevoflurane followed by intravenous maintenance infusion using either face mask or a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). During the procedure, vitals are monitored with a noninvasive monitor. Normal hemodynamics were ensured before transferring the children to the ward.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used for the data description.Results:A total of 137 donors (median age of 5 years) were induced with sevoflurane and LMA was used in 84 children and face mask in 53. Twenty-seven children cooperated for intravenous induction. Various combinations of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine were used with respiratory and hemodynamic stability. The median duration of anesthesia was 250 (165–375) min. The recovery from anesthesia was smooth with a median wake-up time of 20 (5–60) min.Conclusion:This retrospective analysis demonstrates that nonoperating room anesthesia for pediatric age group for PBSC harvest can be safely and successfully accomplished outside the operation room setting by a consultant anesthesiologist.

КОНФЛИКТОГЕННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ САКРАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ ХРАМОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДСКИХ ЦЕРКВЕЙ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА)

A seriality of traumatic experience of the Orthodox temples attenders inspires an analysis the problem with a focus on surplus informal negative sanctions on the part of church staff towards church-attenders. Informal negative sanctions repertoire includes both verbal (comments, rebukes) and kinetic (interruption of private space or physical displacement away the trajectory of locomotion) pretenses. The main question of the paper investigates the structure of sacral space: how does its geometry provokes constant conflicts. A configuration of the Orthodox churches’ sacral space (in particularly, in the main cathedrals of S-Petersburg Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church) due to a high altar bar, predestinating trajectories of locomotion and direction of attenders’ sight, provides a shortage of acoustic and visual attenders’ involvement into a worship-service. A redistribution of these loci between churchgoers creates a main drama of their mutual attendance during a liturgy. Outside of liturgy a trajectory of visitors as a rule synchronizes with a running along a church perimeter, i.e. the belt of tangible objects (icons flanked by candlesticks, reliquaries) – mediators of sacral communication. Though even thinly populated, a church place forces attenders find themselves in condition of a space shortage, so far as a trajectory of their locomotion is near to be interrupted by church staff, controlling both an appearance of visitors, their potential invasion into loci with unobvious lines and a correspondence their actions to a set of rules with a high degree of implicitness. A collision in this case is provokes by a functional ambiguity, when a church, represented as a religious facility aimed public worships, in a break between services acts both a space for private requires or individual prayer, and as a commercial institute for religiously marked items selling, and sometimes as a museum-concert complex targeted leisure pastime. An extra well of a sacred space collisions is an insider parish status asymmetry, when an activity of catechism is occupied not by clerics or catechists, but by elder ladies with a superstitious behavior as their peculiarity.

A Dual-Band MIMO Antenna With Enhanced Isolation for 5G Smartphone Applications

In this paper, a compact dual-band MIMO antenna array for 5G smartphone applications is proposed. The MIMO antenna consists of eight folded monopole antennas operating at 3.45-GHz band (3300~3600MHz). And the antenna elements with a size of $6.8\times 6.6\times4$ mm3 (about $0.078\lambda \times 0.075\lambda \times 0.046\lambda $ at 3.45 GHz), are disposed along each edge of the system circuit board. By introducing the decoupling structures, the isolation between inner antenna elements is improved from 10dB to 15.1dB in 3.45-GHz band (3300~3600MHz). Meanwhile the inner antenna units can generate an additional operating band covering 2400~2700MHz due to the coupling effect between the antenna elements and the proposed decoupling structures, which is promising for solving the problem of terminal space shortage. To verify the design principle of the proposed MIMO antenna array, the antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results of efficiency and ECC are analyzed as well to demonstrate the performance of the proposed MIMO array. Channel capacity, user proximity and SAR analysis and are also given in this paper.

Roof Planting as a Tool for Sustainable Development in Residential Buildings in Egypt

Roof has direct influence on thermal ease and energy preservation in and around buildings. Roof Planting is a strategy that can be a beneficial solution in diverse climates to decrease energy utilization in buildings, proposes enriching the aesthetic potentials and architecture presentation of buildings and for enhancing the built environment and increasing investment opportunity. It helps to tackle the shortage of green space in numerous areas and delivers the city with open spaces that aids ease heat effect and offers human population with a correlation to the outside. The research problem presented in the demonstrations of the confronts presented by quick urbanization and expansion, many environmental problems as pollution, dense urbanization and heat effect that creates a negative impact on the environment. The fast growing population in Cities undergo from vanishing of green areas which lead to dispossession of open space. The paper assumes that by applying roof planting to the case studies in Residential buildings in Egypt can improve quality of life, as an effective tool for sustainable development goals represented in social, economic and environmental factors. The paper methodology focuses on the analysis of some international examples and the lessons learned and applicability in Residential buildings in Egypt. The research aims to present the potentials of roof planting in abiding electricity utilization and decreasing CO2 releases in hot environments. The paper studies the impact of roof planting on the performance of buildings. The results demonstrate the sustainable development goals of using roof planting under diverse design conditions and postulate assistance for design of roof planting in alike climates.

An Analysis of Relationship between the Environment and User’s Behavior on Unimproved Streets: A Case Study of Da Nang City, Vietnam

One of the most insoluble problems confronted by urban areas in developing countries is the shortage of open space; street space allows daily human activities, promotes social interaction, and is seen as a precondition for the sustainable development of the community. Although some seemingly public space is also built up in Vietnam, street space is often where resident’s go to perform activities. This research aims at studying behaviors of users in old street space and the interaction with existing physical settings; as an input to future renovation and the development of street space in a manner that respects the cultural and social context of the Vietnamese people. User’s behaviors in streets and physical characteristics of space were collected and processed in accordance with theories of behavior setting and proxemics using some methods including place-centered behavioral mapping (PcBM) and visual encounter surveys (VES). The analysis showed that three types of behavior, including (1) Type A where various frequent activities occurred, (2) Type B which discouraged most human activities, and (3) Type C where neither frequent nor infrequent behaviors can represent environmental behavior patterns in the old street spaces of Vietnam and for each of these types of patterns improvements have been proposed by organizing street and pavements layouts detailed in this paper. The proposed improvements are based on the relationship between human behaviors and properties of the street space to assist designers, administers, and authorities in renovating and developing better and more sustainable street space.

Ludzie wobec wyzwań epoki: anglistyka w Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w latach 1945–1952 – zarys problematyki

This article provides a brief history of the English Department at the Jagiellonian University from 1945 to 1952. It presents the members of the staff and discusses their background and responsibilities as well as problems they faced in the new post-war reality. After the death of Prof. Roman Dyboski, the founder and first Head of the Department, and the arrest of his successor, Prof. Władysław Tarnawski, formerly affiliated with the University of Lvov, the staff were mainly of junior academic ranks, with no involvement in any serious research. Despite that and despite a perennial shortage of space and problems with logistics, the number of students enrolling in the English studies programme would increase each year making the Department grow in size and scope. Thanks to the help of the New York Kosciuszko Foundation, the Department received a collection of several thousands of books, a few young American grantees of the Foundation joined the teaching staff, and some of the outstanding academics and students (e.g. Przemysław Mroczkowski and Alfred Reszkiewicz) obtained funding support to study or conduct research abroad. For ideological reasons, however, Poland’s authorities closed the programme, which ultimately led to the closure of the Department in 1952.

UTILIZING PLASTIC FOR PRETREATING RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATE TO ELIMINATE BINDER ABSORPTION IN ASPHALT MIXTURE

The growing quantities of waste materials, lack of natural resources and shortage of landfill spaces represent the importance of finding innovative ways of reusing and recycling waste materials. Due to the large quantities of construction and demolition waste (CDW), recycling and utilization of Recycled Construction Aggregates (RCA) obtained from CDW in construction projects, including asphalt pavement construction, can be the most promising solution to this problem. Asphalt mixtures containing RCA have the problem of high bitumen absorption. Using plastic waste in RCA-contained asphalt mixtures reduces not only bitumen absorption but also the adverse environmental impacts associated with plastic waste disposal due to the nonbiodegradability of plastic waste. In addition, the demand reduction for virgin aggregates is another advantage resulting in subsequent economic advantages. This paper characterizes the effects of different types of plastic on the bitumen absorption and properties of asphalt mixtures containing RCA through laboratory investigation. Different types of plastic including High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and LowDensity Polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated in this research. The test results indicate that the plastic waste can be a viable material for improving the problem of high bitumen absorption of asphalt mixtures containing RCA.

Spatial Green Belt Development Report in China

The green belt, located on the outskirts of a metropolis, has many characteristics such as good location, better landscape environment than urban areas, high availability in an original environment, low development costs and large and concentrated open spaces. With the huge population in China, this has led to a shortage of green space per capita and the shortage of recreational space. In view of such conditions, the recreational function of the green belt is very important, and can compensate for the shortcomings of tight urban recreation space. However, there has always been an important question about the scientific aspects and rationality of green belt use and control measures. In this paper, some outcomes of the Chinese green belt policy will be introduced. Then, three advantages and two disadvantages will be shown. Finally, reasons analyse and comparisons between China’s main cities and cities with a successful green belt will be given.

SUSTAINABLE STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF SOFT CLAY STABILIZED WITH TWO SIZES OF RECYCLED ADDITIVE

High amounts of ceramic waste is accumulated every year in the disposal and construction sites due to the rejection of all smashed, cracked, and broken tiles. The usage of recycled ceramic crushed tiles (RCT) in improving soft soil is considered an environmentally-friendly, economical and sustainable solution. Soft soils are characterized as problematic soils that are always associated with weak performance when loaded. It is a common practice to excavate, transport and dispose this kind of soil into landfills and replace it with a soil that meets the engineering requirements. Due to shortage of space in landfills and the high costs involved in this processes, soft soils are always treated at construction sites. In this study, two sizes of RCT (0.3 and 1.18 mm) are used to improve the physical and mechanical properties of soft soil. The size and percentage of RCT are investigated and its influence on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and compaction is evaluated. Microstructural tests included scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were also conducted on samples treated with RCT. Noticeable increment in both density and unconfined compressive strength was achieved. The maximum dry density increased from 1.59 Mg/m3 to 1.82 Mg/m3 and 1.77 Mg/m3 at the addition of 40 1.18 mm and 0.3 mm RCT, respectively. Whereas the unconfined compressive strength increased from 50 kPa to 250 kPa and 225 kPa at 10 addition of 1.18 mm RCT and 40 0.3 mm RCT, respectively. The optimum value of RCT to treat soft clay was found to be 10 and 40 for 1.18 mm and 0.3 mm RCT, respectively. The remarkable improvement in the strength of soil is due to the development of cementation compounds that acts as a binder between the RCT and soil particles. This study would help in reducing the impacts created by disposing of both problematic soil and waste tiles. Besides, cement is the most traditional material used to stabilize soil. This research would contribute to reducing the CO2 produced during the production of cement. © 2018, Int. J. of GEOMATE.