Shortwave Research Articles

The effectiveness of core stability addition in short wave diathermy and star excursion balance exercise in improving the functional ability of chronic ankle instability among taekwondo athletes

Background: Taekwondo is based on sudden and violent attacks by the hands and feet; therefore, an injury can occur. Ankle sprains account for 15% to 20.8% of all sports injuries, and 72% of people who have experienced an ankle sprain report experiencing chronic ankle instability. Star excursion balance exercise is an exercise that increases the functional ability of the ankle. The shortwave diathermy intervention assists the ligaments' healing process as core stability exercise is necessary to activate postural control, which is a valuable component in treating chronic ankle instability. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding core stability to shortwave diathermy and star excursion balance exercise in improving the functional ability of chronic ankle instability in taekwondo.
 Methods: The research used experimental research with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The technique used for sampling in this study is simple random sampling. There are two sample groups to be studied. The first group was given additional core stability through shortwave diathermy and star excursion balance exercise, and the second group was assigned the intervention of shortwave diathermy and star excursion balance exercise. The functional ability of the ankle is measured using the foot ankle disability index (FADI). There were 18 people in each group. The study was conducted three times a week for a month.
 Results: The results showed significant differences in the two groups with p = 0.000. However, the intervention group was better at improving the functional ability of chronic ankle instability in taekwondo with a value of p = 0.002.
 Conclusion: This study concludes that there are differences in adding core stability to the shortwave diathermy intervention and star excursion balance exercise in improving the functional ability of chronic ankle instability in taekwondo.

A seventh-order accurate weighted compact scheme for shock-associated noise computation

High-fidelity computation of shock-associated noise places stringent requirements on the accuracy, linear and nonlinear spectral properties of shock-capturing scheme. In this paper, a novel weighted nonlinear compact scheme with seventh-order accuracy is developed for the purpose of improving the linear and nonlinear spectral properties of original scheme (Zhang et al., (2008) [1]). The numerical fluxes at cell centers are obtained using upwind-biased weighted nonlinear interpolation based on the new S-type smoothness indicator that be constant for sine and cosine functions (Wu et al., (2020) [2]). Through systematic spectral analysis and numerical experiments, it is demonstrated that the newly proposed scheme has very weak nonlinear effect and reduces the dissipation and dispersion at the medium and high wavenumbers. The resolution for the short waves and the fine-scale structures is improved. It has the potential to become a suitable candidate for the computation of shock-associated noise.

On the Consistency of Ice Cloud Optical Models for Spaceborne Remote Sensing Applications and Broadband Radiative Transfer Simulations

AbstractAqua satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1‐km observations are collocated with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) fields of view taken during July 2008 afternoon satellite passes over the equatorial western Pacific Ocean. Radiation simulations are compared with collocated CERES observations to better understand the sensitivity of computed fluxes to two ice cloud broadband radiation parameterization schemes and inferred ice cloud characteristics. In particular, the radiation computational schemes and ice cloud property retrievals are based on two respective ice particle models, the MODIS Collection 6 (MC6) aggregate model and a more microphysically consistent two‐habit model (THM). The simulation results show that both MC6 and THM overestimate the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) cloud radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere, as compared to the CERES observations; the difference between the MC6 and THM‐based ice cloud retrievals is too small to compensate for the differences between the two model‐based radiation schemes. Therefore, the present finding suggests that broadband radiative simulations are more sensitive to the radiation parameterization scheme than to the input cloud properties retrieved using the corresponding ice cloud particle optical property model.

Towards Accurate Radiometric Calibration of INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR IMAGER: Addressing Uncertainty and Error Sources

ABSTRACT The proper radiometric calibration of the INSAT-3D and −3DR IMAGER is of utmost importance for effective weather forecasting and monitoring. Accurate and reliable images are crucial for predicting weather patterns, tracking storms, and assessing the impact of natural disasters. This research paper presents an evaluation of the radiometric calibration of the INSAT-3D and −3DR IMAGER using a reflectance-based method referenced to in-situ ground site measurements. Calibration campaigns were conducted at the Great Rann of Kutch (GROK) in Gujarat, India during February 2022 to ensure synchronous measurements of surface reflectance and atmospheric variables. In this study, the radiative transfer model called 6 SV (Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum Vector) was employed to simulate the Top-Of-Atmospheric (TOA) radiance. The calibration coefficients for the Visible (VIS) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands of the IMAGER were determined by comparing the TOA radiance obtained from the radiative transfer model with the Level 1B product of satellite data. The results convincingly demonstrate that the reflectance-based calibration method yields highly accurate and reliable radiometric calibration for both the VIS and SWIR bands of the INSAT-3D and −3DR IMAGER, with an uncertainty significantly smaller than the expected sensor degradation. Specifically, it was found that the VIS band of INSAT-3D underestimates the radiance value by 9.05%, while the VIS band of INSAT-3DR underestimates it by 4.88%. The study also discusses various sources of uncertainty and emphasizes the need for comprehensive uncertainty quantification to ensure the radiometric accuracy of the IMAGER data. Overall, the calibration results indicate that the absolute radiometric accuracy for the VIS and SWIR bands of the IMAGER on-board INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR satellites is better than 4%. This research contributes to enhancing the reliability and usability of the INSAT-3D and −3DR IMAGER data for weather forecasting and monitoring applications.

Full spectrum efficient solar absorption through coupling light to multiple parts of a Ti strip

Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source with excellent exploitation potential. A three-layer structure is designed to couple light from free space and then absorb it. Simulation results show high average absorption of 98.7 % in the 400 to 3000 nm range under normal incidence. The average absorption rate for AM1.5 solar incident light source is up to 97.6 %. The designed structure matches the impedance of free space in the broadband range. Poynting vector evolution reveals that the short, medium and long wave ranges are absorbed mainly by the Ti strip's top, middle and bottom parts. This structure has a high absorption of over 98 % when changed to a centrosymmetric form, realizing polarization independence. The designed structures have the advantages of ultra-broadband, perfect absorption, high-temperature resistance, and polarization independence, which can be applied to solar thermal energy collections, thermoelectric and thermal emitters.

Core–shell structure selective emitter doped with rare earth elements for solar thermophotovoltaic system

Aiming at the low utilization of radiation photons in the solar thermophotovoltaic system, a rare earth core–shell (REC) structure selective thermal emitter is designed to achieve selective emission. The 3D symmetrical opal core–shell structure and rare earth elements play an important role in the selective emission characteristic of the REC emitter. The opal core–shell structure of the REC emitter is optimized by finite difference time domain simulation and numerical calculation, and the optimal size is determined. The REC emitter can adjust the characteristic peak of rare earth elements to produce a narrow–band radiation peak with an emissivity approaching 1 at a wavelength just before the cutoff wavelength, and maintain low emissivity in the long and short–wave bands. The conversion efficiency of the solar thermophotovoltaic system based on the REC emitter and InGaAs cell is 17.29 % at 1400 K, and the power density can reach 428.3 mW/cm2. The mechanism of the selective emission characteristic of the REC emitter is revealed, and its emissivity is insensitive to polarization and incidence angle. The REC emitter further improves the selective emission characteristic and makes the radiation spectrum better match the thermophotovoltaic cell. The power density and conversion efficiency of the solar thermophotovoltaic system are increased by improving the utilization of the thermophotovoltaic cell to the radiation photon.

Short spin waves excitation in spin Hall nano-oscillators

This study investigates the excitation of short-wavelength spin waves (SWs) in nanowire-based spin-Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs). Using micromagnetic simulations, we study the wavelength of propagating SWs as a function of nanowire width, ranging from 10 to 50nm, excited in a 1.7nm-thick CoFeB layer using a pure spin current generated by a 5nm thin platinum layer via the spin Hall effect. Our results showed that SWs with shorter wavelengths are excited in narrow widths at higher magnetic fields and higher currents. In addition, the wavelength of the propagating waves scales linearly with the width of the nanowire. We attribute the emission of short wavelength due to the quantization of SWs in the nanowire. By reducing the nanowire width, SWs with ultrashort wavelengths are excited at high frequencies, with larger propagation speeds and longer attenuation lengths. Our results show that ultrashort SWs with wavelengths as short as 80nm can be generated in metallic-based SHNOs, with a group velocity of vg = 1.6µm/ns and attenuation length of Latt = 0.6µm. These findings have significant implications for the scalability of magnonic devices, which could have potential applications in SW-based logic and neuromorphic computing.

SAT013 Characterization Of CRISPR/Cas9 Induced RXR Isotype Mutants In Xenopus Laevis

Abstract Disclosure: J.D. Furlow: None. S. Saini: None. B.J. Mengeling: None. M.E. Horb: None. Retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) occupy a unique position in the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. While some actions of the highly conserved RXRs may be independent, RXRs most often are heterodimer partners for several NRs that regulate development, reproduction and metabolism. As such, environmental chemicals interfering with the activity of RXRs and their partners may have significant deleterious effects on human health, often in developmental window, cell-type, and gene selective ways. The frog Xenopus has long served as an excellent model for studying vertebrate development including thyroid hormone action, and recent advances in genome editing have greatly enhanced its utility for investigating basic cell and organismal biology as well as human disease processes. To determine isotype specific roles in response to natural and synthetic ligands as well as candidate environmental chemicals interacting with RXRs in vivo, we created targeted germline mutations in the Xenopus tropicalis RXRα (rxra), RXRβ (rxrb), and RXRγ (rxrg) genes. For CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing, guide RNAs were designed to target sequences just prior to or within the first RXR DNA binding domains. We raised all three RXR homozygous null mutants up to and through metamorphosis. The rxrb and rxrg homozygous null mutants completed metamorphosis and allowed us to establish adult null lines, but the rxra homozygous null mutants die at metamorphic climax, reminiscent of the thyroid hormone receptor (thra/thrb) double mutants. Some rxra mutant froglets also lack forearms or have forelimb defects, implying a role for rxra in RA mediated forelimb specification. The X. tropicalis rxrg homozygous null mutants show a trend toward an increased rate of metamorphosis versus matched wild-type controls, with significantly elevated tshb gene expression as newly metamorphosed froglets suggesting impaired negative feedback by TH. Significantly altered opsin gene expression in the froglet eye was also observed in rxrg mutant retinas: elevated short wave opsins opn1sw1 and opn1sw2 and sharply reduced long wave opsin opn1lw. This elevated tshb and opn1sw1 expression is highly similar to what is found in mouse rxrg null mutants; thus RXRγ action in the eye and pituitary appears to be highly conserved between mammals and amphibians. The establishment of these new RXR isotype mutant specific lines will support the expanded use of Xenopus to study basic biology and environmental toxicology involving TR-RXR and other NR-RXR partnerships. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

A new method for evaluating the penetration ability of near infrared diffuse reflectance light to fruit peel with chemometrics

In this paper, the penetration ability of near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance light to peel was studied with grating NIR spectrometer. 15 kinds of fruit, including 3 kinds of thin-peel non-citrus fruit, 9 kinds of medium-peel citrus and 3 kinds of thick-peel citrus were investigated. A new strategy to evaluate the NIR penetration ability was developed with a designed penetration experiment and chemometric methods. The penetration abilities of different integration time, peel thickness and wavelength bands were compared. The results show that NIR light can easily penetrate the peel of thin-peel fruit, while it is not easy to penetrate the peel of citrus due to the thick peel. Both the thickness and composition of the peel have relationship with the penetration ability. Increase of integration time can improve the penetration ability to some extent. However, as the integration time lengthens, noise interference and spectral distortion may appear in long wave near infrared (LWNIR) region. The optimal integration time is 65 ms for citrus. Besides, the penetration ability of short wave near infrared (SWNIR) light is better than that of LWNIR light, and the absorption peaks of peel are mainly located in LWNIR region, indicating that SWNIR is more suitable for fruit internal quality detection.

Analysis of the electromagnetic availability of radio signal sources during propagation in the ionosphere radio channel

Problem statement. Multi-channel automated short-wave radio communication networks are used to provide information support for the activities of critical facilities and the organization of information exchange between subscribers assigned to a large area, as well as the control of aircraft when flying at transcontinental ranges and sea vessels in remote areas of the world ocean. The probabilistic-temporal characteristics of the effectiveness of monitoring their dynamic states largely depend on the electromagnetic availability of radiation sources. The conditions of their electromagnetic availability must be determined by the values of the maximum applicable frequency and spatial-energy characteristics of the signals in the ionosphere radio channel. Time periods of stable reception must be set taking into account possible changes in ray trajectories and fading (fading) of signals due to refraction in ionized layers of the atmosphere during daily and seasonal fluctuations of electrical parameters. To determine the current values of the radio channel parameters, the International Reference Model of the Ionosphere and GOST 25645.146-89 “Earth's Ionosphere. Model of the global distribution of concentration, temperature and effective frequency of electron collisions”, which reflects the patterns of distribution of average values of the electron concentration in the Earth's ionosphere at different times of the year and day with changes in solar and geomagnetic activity. Goal. Evaluation of the electromagnetic availability of short wave emitters for monitoring posts based on a rational choice of operating frequencies and finding the spatial and energy characteristics of signal reception. Results. A predictive model has been developed for assessing the electromagnetic accessibility of radio signal sources by the values of the maximum applicable frequency and spatial and energy characteristics during propagation in the ionosphere radio channel. The profile of the ionized layers of the atmosphere and the structure of radio channel undergo changes depending on the mutual position of the Earth and the Sun, as well as solar activity and the latitude of the observation site. In the profile of the ionized structure of the atmosphere, four characteristic regions are conventionally distinguished – layers D, E, F1, F2. Due to the intrinsic fluctuations in the parameters of ionized layers under the influence of a large number of factors, ground-based complexes of vertical (inclined) sounding and a satellite system for observing the ionosphere do not provide the required reliability of data on its state in real time for the entire surface of the Earth. Based on certain values of the optimal operating frequencies and inclination angles of the ionosphere wave ray trajectories, the time intervals of the electromagnetic availability of transmitters located in different regions in the summer and autumn-winter periods were found. Based on the estimates of the maximum applicable signal frequencies in the ionosphere radio channel using an azimuth-elevation detector-direction finder located in the Central Federal District, the angles of inclination of the trajectories when receiving radio station signals meteorology information of airfield networks of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries were determined. The detector-direction finder used an active antenna array of 16 asymmetric vibrators 2.5 m high, located on an area of 200×200 m, and synchronized coherent radio devices with frequency conversion. Measurements were carried out in the Doppler ray separation mode when selecting signals at matching frequencies was carried out in accordance with the time schedule for the operation of radio stations. On routes with a length of about 1000 km, variations in the directions of arrival of signals along the elevation angle with 3 reflections from the ionosphere reach 15...20°, and in the azimuth plane - up to 4...5°. On routes with a length of more than 1000 km, the fading of signals is determined by the interference of beams commensurate in level; on routes with a length of more than 2000 km, as a rule, one beam prevails, and fading is due to a change in its heterogeneous-style in time. Practical significance. The predictive model for analyzing the electromagnetic availability of radio emission sources makes it possible to select the modes of operation of monitoring posts with the establishment of a period of time with the best conditions for receiving signals in given areas, based on the values of the maximum applicable frequency of radio channels and the angles of arrival of a sky wave with the highest power. The obtained results form the basis for improving the technology of monitoring the radio-electronic situation when receiving signals propagating over the ionosphere radio channel, and justifying the tactical and technical requirements for the characteristics of high frequency range direction finders.

Dynamics of general higher-order rogue waves in the two-component long wave–short wave model of Newell type

An integrable two component long-wave–short-wave (2-LS) model of Newell type governing the resonant interaction between two capillary waves with a common gravity wave is considered. The general higher order rogue wave (RW) solutions of this system are obtained by employing the bilinear KP hierarchy reduction method. Our study explores three different families of RWs depending upon the root structure of an algebraic equation characterizing them. Those are the Nth-order bounded rogue waves, mixed bounded (N1,N2)th-order rogue waves and degradable bounded (N¯1,N¯2)th-order rogue waves, respectively, where N,N1,N2 are arbitrary positive integer and N¯1,N¯2 are arbitrary non-negative integers. It is interesting to note that the fundamental rogue wave in one short wave (SW) component can attain a peak amplitude as high as more than six times the background amplitude while it is three times the background amplitude in the other SW component. We identify that the Nth-order bounded rogue waves are composed of N(N+1)2 fundamental rogue waves, the mixed bounded (N1,N2)th-order rogue waves comprise N1th-order bounded rogue waves mixing with another type N2th-order bounded rogue waves existing in different state, and the degradable bounded (N¯1,N¯2)th-order rogue waves consist of N¯12+N¯22−N¯1(N¯2−1) fundamental rogue waves. Non-trivial super rouge waves are reported.

Water vapor-heat-carbon fluxes and meteorological observation matrix dataset in 2012 over Zhangye oasis-desert area

The oasis-desert ecosystem is a unique landscape in arid/semi-arid regions, and the observation and research of its water vapor, heat, and carbon fluxes are of great significance to the stability and sustainable development of oases. This study focuses on the oasis-desert area of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Based on the state-of-art flux observation matrix experiment conducted in the region in 2012, we processed the water vapor-heat-carbon fluxes and meteorological data from the experiment in two nested matrices (30 km × 30 km and 5.5 km × 5.5 km). There are a total of 22 eddy covariance systems and 21 automatic weather stations within the 21 observation sites as well as 4 group large aperture scintillometer and 3 group thermal dissipation probe observations in the two nested matrices. The observation parameters encompass a wide range of elements, including ecosystem net carbon exchange, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, downward/upward short wave radiation, downward/upward long wave radiation, net radiation, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, infrared radiation temperature, photosynthetic effective radiation, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil heat flux and average soil temperature, tree transpiration, etc. This meticulously processed dataset can be used to study the characteristics and impact mechanisms of water vapor, heat, and carbon changes in oasis-desert areas. Moreover, it can provide a strong data foundation for model simulation or remote sensing estimation results.

Broadband radiative quantities for the EarthCARE mission: the ACM-COM and ACM-RT products

Abstract. The EarthCARE satellite mission's objective is to retrieve profiles of aerosol and water cloud physical properties from measurements made by its cloud-profiling radar, backscattering lidar, and passive multi-spectral imager. These retrievals, together with other geophysical properties, are input into broadband (BB) radiative transfer (RT) models that predict radiances and fluxes commensurate with measurements made and inferred from EarthCARE's BB radiometer (BBR). The scientific goal is that modelled and “observed” BB top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes differ, on average, by less than ±10 W m−2. When sound synergistic retrievals from the ACM-CAP process (ACM: ATLID – backscattering lidar, CPR – cloud-profiling radar, and MSI – multi-spectral imager; CAP: clouds, aerosols, and precipitation) are available, they are acted on by the RT models. When they are not available, the RT models act on “composite” profiles of properties retrieved from measurements made by individual sensors. Compositing is performed in the ACM-COM (COM: composite) process. The majority of this report describes the RT models – and their products – that make up EarthCARE's ACM-RT process. Profiles of BB shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes and heating rates (HRs) are computed by 1D RT models for each ∼ 1 km nadir column of inferred properties. Three-dimensional RT models compute radiances for the BBR's three viewing directions, with the SW model also computing flux and HR profiles; the 3D LW model produces upwelling flux at just one level. All 3D RT products are averages over 5×21 km “assessment domains” that are constructed using MSI data. Some of ACM-RT's products are passed forward to the “radiative closure assessment” process that quantifies, for each assessment domain, the likelihood that EarthCARE's goal has been achieved. As EarthCARE represents the first mission to make “operational” use of 3D RT models, emphasis is placed on differences between 1D and 3D RT results. For upwelling SW flux at 20 km altitude, 1D and 3D values can be expected to differ by more than EarthCARE's scientific goal of ±10 W m−2 at least 50 % of the time.

An Extended Model for Short Wavelength Peristaltic Flow

Peristaltic flow theory is often based on the long wavelength assumption, which can be approximated by small wave number cases. This paper presents a unique approach to analyze the peristaltic flow for both short and long wavelength domains. The governing equation considering wave number is solved by combining eigen function expansion and generalized inversion methods, which is first proposed to solve peristaltic flow problems. In particular, the modified Navier-Stokes equations, considers the effects of the Trouton’s elongational viscosity. The result indicates that this computational method efficiently reduces the dimensions and condition number of the matrix. The sketch of stream function shows that a trapped bolus also occurs in short wave peristaltic flow. The validity of this computational approach is demonstrated by comparing these results with existing theories.

Experiencing short heat waves early in development changes thermal responsiveness of turtle embryos to later heat waves.

Although physiological responses to the thermal environment are most frequently investigated using constant temperatures, the incorporation of thermal variability can allow for a more accurate prediction of how thermally sensitive species respond to a rapidly changing climate. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), developmental responses to incubation temperature are mediated by several genes involved in gonadal differentiation. Kdm6b and Dmrt1 respond to cool incubation temperatures and are associated with testis development, while Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 respond to warm incubation temperatures and are associated with ovary development. Using fluctuating incubation temperatures, we designed two studies, one investigating how conflicting thermal cues affect the timing of commitment to gonadal development, and another investigating the rapid molecular responses to conflicting thermal cues in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Using gene expression as a proxy of timing of commitment to gonadal fate, results from the first study show that exposure to high amounts of conflicting thermal cues during development delays commitment to gonadal fate. Results from the second study show that Kdm6b splice variants exhibit differential responses to early heat wave exposure, but rapidly (within 2 days) recover to pre-exposure levels after the heat wave. Despite changes in the expression of Kdm6b splice variants, there was no effect on Dmrt1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate how short exposures to heat early in development can change how embryos respond to heat later in development.

Sensitivity analysis of the cage volume and mooring forces for a gravity cage subjected to current and waves

A numerical model is developed to calculate the mooring forces and cage volumes for a gravity cage system. The collar, nets, bottom ring and mooring system are all modelled by line elements due to the slender structure. The effect of structural parameters on the cage capacity and mooring forces is evaluated in a sensitivity analysis, to provide knowledge in the design phase of a fish cage. Heaver sinkers and nets with smaller solidity are preferred to prevent the volume reduction of fish cages but they lead to a larger mooring force or an increase in the probability of fish escaping. Linear wave theory is applied. Short waves increase the mean value of the mooring force and higher waves result in a larger amplitude of the mooring force. It is also found that short waves can change the shape of the nets while the shape of the cage subjected to long waves almost keeps constant as the one under uniform flow, which obtains a good agreement as previous experiments.

Multiband spectral response inspired by ultra-high responsive thermally stable and self-powered Sb2Se3/GaN heterojunction based photodetector

Hetero-structuring of dissimilar materials provides an exciting pathway to achieve unique electrical and optical properties based on application demand. A combination of Sb2Se3 and GaN is a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications owing to the notable carrier mobilities and absorption coefficient. The thermal stability, low optical signal detection capabilities, and broad range spectral response of Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure self-powered photodetector are assessed. A stable Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure-based two-terminal device with excellent photoresponsivity of 1210 mAW−1 (self-power) and 2.3 × 106 mAW−1 (photoconductive @ 12V) with extremely low optical signal detection capability (650 nW) is designed. The devices can detect optical radiation across a broad spectrum from Deep Ultraviolet (250 nm) to Short Wave Infrared (1250 nm). Additionally, the assessment of the device revealed a distinct high-temperature resilience limit that allowed it to work as a thermally stable broadband photodetector. The heterostructure-based optical device demonstrates ultrahigh responsivities of 844 mAW−1 and 1.2 × 106 mAW−1 at 250 °C in the photovoltaic (0V) and photoconductive (12V) modes, respectively. The Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure-based detector provides an excellent perspective for the next generation of thermally stable optoelectronic devices. The analysis better explains how heterostructure provides thermal stability and offers a viable approach for developing high-performance, self-powered, thermally stable broadband optical detectors.

Near to short wave infrared light generation through AlGaAs-on-insulator nanoantennas.

AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAs-OI) has recently emerged as a promising platform for nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. Among the most remarkable outcomes, second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the visible/near infrared spectral region has been demonstrated in AlGaAs-OI nanoantennas (NAs). In order to extend the nonlinear frequency generation towards the short wave infrared window, in this work we propose and demonstrate via numerical simulations difference frequency generation (DFG) in AlGaAs-OI NAs. The NA geometry is finely adjusted in order to obtain simultaneous optical resonances at the pump, signal and idler wavelengths, which results in an efficient DFG with conversion efficiencies up to 0.01%. Our investigation includes the study of the robustness against random variations of the NA geometry that may occur at fabrication stage. Overall, these outcomes identify what we believe to be a new potential and yet unexplored application of AlGaAs-OI NAs as compact devices for the generation and control of the radiation pattern in the near to short infrared spectral region.

Non-invasive glucose measurement using 950 nm reflective short wave NIR technique

Non-invasive glucose measurement using 950 nm reflective short wave NIR technique

Effects of Short Wave Diathermy Therapy in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder (ACS)

There are varieties of management option for Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (ACS) also known as Periarthrosis and in general population commonly known as Frozen Shoulder. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is one of the important therapeutic option for frozen sholder. The aim of the study is to determine effectiveness of SWD in order to improve the pain and range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis. A total 56 subjects were selected for this non-randomized controlled trial in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chattogram Medical College Hospital with adhesive capsulitis in a period of 6 months. The subject were divided into two intervention groups; group-A with conventional treatment plan with SWD and group-B with conventional treatment only. Tool used for assessment were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain with Tenderness Grading (TG) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Score (SPADI). The analysis was done to measure the difference of effectiveness of both interventions by independent t-test with SPSS-20. Among 56 patients regarding analysis of sex in both groups male and female were matched (p>0.05) and male - female ratio was 1.66: 1. Considering socioeconomic status, poor was 21.4%, middle class was 44.6% and rich was 33.9%. Among all patients 35.7% were housewives, 16.1% were service holder, farmers were 12.5%, businessmen were 16.2% and laborers were 3.6%. In total patients, 48.2% had right shoulder involvement, 50.0% had left side involvement and one patient had both sided disease. There were 92.7% patients who had localized pain and only 7.3% had radiation. Majority of the experienced pain in the evening was 56.4% and rest had pain at night was 43.6%. About half of the patients in both groups had constant and intermittent type of pain 47.5% and 45.5% respectively other types were sharp and dull. Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) whereas initial follow-up was non-significant in VAS analysis (p>0.05). Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding change of tenderness grading in Group A, then Group B patients. Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding SPADI. When SWD is combined with conventional management of adhesive capsulitis it gives better reduction in pain and disability. Conventional treatment plan with SED is more effective in the management of pain and reduce disabilities in patients with ACS. Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 1-7