Short Sessions Research Articles

Comparing end-effector position and joint angle feedback for online robotic limb tracking.

Somatosensation greatly increases the ability to control our natural body. This suggests that supplementing vision with haptic sensory feedback would also be helpful when a user aims at controlling a robotic arm proficiently. However, whether the position of the robot and its continuous update should be coded in a extrinsic or intrinsic reference frame is not known. Here we compared two different supplementary feedback contents concerning the status of a robotic limb in 2-DoFs configuration: one encoding the Cartesian coordinates of the end-effector of the robotic arm (i.e., Task-space feedback) and another and encoding the robot joints angles (i.e., Joint-space feedback). Feedback was delivered to blindfolded participants through vibrotactile stimulation applied on participants' leg. After a 1.5-hour training with both feedbacks, participants were significantly more accurate with Task compared to Joint-space feedback, as shown by lower position and aiming errors, albeit not faster (i.e., similar onset delay). However, learning index during training was significantly higher in Joint space feedback compared to Task-space feedback. These results suggest that Task-space feedback is probably more intuitive and more suited for activities which require short training sessions, while Joint space feedback showed potential for long-term improvement. We speculate that the latter, despite performing worse in the present work, might be ultimately more suited for applications requiring long training, such as the control of supernumerary robotic limbs for surgical robotics, heavy industrial manufacturing, or more generally, in the context of human movement augmentation.

Occupational therapists’ Perspectives of Using Telehealth for Youth with Autism Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Pilot Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 national emergency led to a surging demand for telehealth expansion within pediatric occupational therapy. Despite the growing literature on telehealth as a response to COVID-19, few studies explore the use of telehealth for children and young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This pilot study aimed to understand the experiences of occupational therapists adapting to a virtual delivery service model amidst COVID-19 to support youth with ASD. The researchers used a qualitative research design. Semi-structured, video-based interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study included 3 UK registered occupational therapists. Four themes emerged from the data: 1. “Telehealth is Reducing Social Anxiety” 2. “Parents End Up Becoming Your Therapy Assistants” 3. “Nothing Will Replace Face to Face for Assessments” 4. “You Definitely Have to Be More Creative.” The themes report that telehealth can reduce social anxiety, increase skill transferability, and improve family involvement. Participants indicated that shorter sessions, movement-based interventions, planning and adapting to home-based resources were strategies that overcame the limitations of virtual therapy. The findings contrast with some previous research that found that telehealth may inhibit engagement and may strain the therapeutic rapport. This study supports existing literature that telehealth can enhance engagement, family involvement and generalization of skills. Findings from this study support the use of telehealth to deliver occupational therapy services for children and young people with ASD, but it is recommended that telehealth should not be a one size fits all service delivery model. Further larger-scale research is needed to confirm the study findings and to explore the family and young person’s perspectives of using telehealth.

Evaluation of Mobile devices in the classroom: Learning motivations using the SPSS Method

Learning motivations and mobile devices are closely interconnected in today's digital age. Smartphones and tablets mobile devices like, have significantly impacted the way people access information and engage in learning activities. Here are some key aspects to consider regarding learning motivations and their relationship with mobile devices: Accessibility: Mobile devices provide easy access to a vast amount of information and learning resources. Learners can access educational content from anywhere and at any time, which removes barriers to learning and motivates them to explore new subjects or topics. Convenience: The portability of mobile devices allows learners to fit learning activities into their busy schedules. Whether it's during a commute, waiting in line, or during breaks, people can engage in short learning sessions, making learning more manageable and appealing. Personalization: Mobile devices enable personalized learning experiences through apps, adaptive learning platforms, and customizable content. Tailoring educational content to individual preferences and skill levels can enhance motivation and engagement. Gamification: Many leader boards, and challenges, making learning more interactive and enjoyable. These gamified features can motivate learners to complete tasks and achieve learning goals. The significance of researching learning motivations and mobile devices lies in its educators and developers can create more engaging and interactive learning experiences. This can lead to increased student participation, retention of knowledge, and overall learning outcomes. Inclusive Learning Opportunities: Mobile devices can bridge the gap between learners in different geographic locations or with limited access to traditional educational resources. Research on learning motivations can inform the development of inclusive learning tools and strategies, ensuring that education are accessible to a broader audience. Personalized Learning: Understanding individual learning motivations through mobile devices can facilitate personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning platforms can leverage this research to tailor content and activities based on learners' preferences, skills, and interests. Optimal Use of Technology: Mobile devices are omnipresent in modern society, and their integration into education is inevitable. Research on learning motivations can guide educators in making informed the classroom and beyond. SPSS is descriptive eand bivariate data for statistics analytical, numerical effect projections and groups for identification provides predictions. software data conversion, map and direct marketing aspects provides software the interface is its key similar to a spreadsheet in view also shows open data. computer supported cooperative learning, computer supported cooperative play, E-learning, mobile & wireless games, mobile learning The Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .658 which indicates 66% reliability. From the literature review, the above 50% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis.

The Everlasting Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Match

The Everlasting Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Match

A short session of maternal hyperoxygenation ameliorates the cerebral oxygenation difference between fetuses with and without congenital heart defects

ObjectivesTo assess if a 10 min session of maternal hyperoxygenation increases cerebral tissue oxygenation as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* in fetuses with and without congenital heart defects (CHDs). Study designAt mean gestational ages of 32 (early) and 37 (late), we measured fetal cerebral T2* before and during the last minutes of a 10 min maternal hyperoxygenation (oxygen 10 l/min, Hudson non-rebreathing mask) in 22 fetuses without CHDs and 11 fetuses with CHDs using a 1.5 Tesla Philips scanner with a breath-hold, multi-echo, gradient-echo sequence. ResultsDuring maternal hyperoxygenation equilibrium, the mean fetal cerebral T2* values in CHD fetuses seemingly normalized and were comparable to those in fetuses without CHD breathing ambient air. Hyperoxygenation T2* was 160 ms (CI 149–170) early and 123 ms (CI 112–134) late in fetuses with CHD and ambient air T2* was 158 ms (CI 152 to 164) early and 126 ms (CI 120–131) late in fetuses without CHD, (p=0.97). Lower ambient air cerebral T2* z-score at the late-stage scan was correlated with lower head circumference z-scores at birth. ConclusionOur findings suggest that fetal cerebral oxygenation in CHD fetuses can reach normal values during a short session of maternal hyperoxygenation. This supports the hypothesis that tissue hypoxia can influence brain development in fetuses with CHD. However, since side effects of fetal hyperoxygenation have been described, it remains to be determined if chronic maternal hyperoxygenation has a positive impact on the fetal brain in CHDs.

A Pilot Study of the Biofeedback Training to Reduce Salivary Cortisol Level and Improve Mental Health in Highly-Trained Female Athletes.

Biofeedback (BFB) training can provide a useful resource for athletes to cope with stress. However, the effects of BFB training on acute and chronic endocrine stress responses, parasympathetic activity, and mental health in competitive athletes have not been explored yet. This pilot study examined the effects of a 7-week BFB training on psychophysiological parameters in highly trained female athletes. Six highly trained female volleyball players (mean age: 17.50 ± 1.05 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Athletes individually attended 21-session heart rate variability (HRV)-BFB training consisting of six minutes for 7 weeks. A BFB device (Nexus 10) was used to measure the athletes' physiological responses reflecting HRV. To assess the cortisol awakening response (CAR), saliva samples were collected immediately after awakening and 15min, 30min, and 60min post-awakening. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was filled out before and after the intervention to assess mental health. Furthermore, athletes provided saliva samples during eight sessions pre- and immediately post-session. Mid-day cortisol levels decreased significantly after the intervention. No significant change was observed in CAR and physiological responses after the intervention. A significant decrease in cortisol level was observed in BFB sessions in which cortisol level was assessed, except for two sessions. We concluded that short sessions of 7-week HRV-BFB training could be used as an effective method to control autonomic functions and stress of female athletes. Although the present study provides strong evidence for the psychophysiological well-being of athletes, further investigations with larger samples are needed.

Does the operating temperature of accelerometers affect data measurement during static and dynamic conditions in sports? A randomized-control trial

This study aimed to analyse the effect of two operating temperatures (optimal vs environmental) on IMU internal temperature and accelerometry-based data in two conditions of measurement: (a) static, no movement; and (b) dynamic, a U’16 game-based training soccer session with 14 players. Each session took a 60-min duration and followed an ecological design (no intervention in environmental conditions). Fifty-six WIMU PROTM inertial devices were randomly grouped in four conditions (two operating temperatures × two measurement conditions, 14 devices in each group) and recorded IMUs’ internal temperature, resultant acceleration vector and PlayerLoad (PLRT). Devices were placed in the manufacturer’s docking station at the static condition and in a specific harness at the interscapular level at the dynamic condition. Repeated measures t-tests were employed for between-group comparisons at 1-min average sections throughout the register. Between-group differences were found in the static and dynamic conditions in IMUs internal temperature (static: 0–31 min; dynamic: 0–20 min) and resultant acceleration vector (static: 0–29 min; dynamic: 0–19 min). Instead, no differences were found in PLRT dynamics and accumulated PLRT although values in the environmental group were overestimated. In conclusion, WIMU PROTM devices must achieve the optimal operating temperature (38–39°) to avoid measurement error, regardless of the application (short or long sessions).

The Rehabilitation Program Improves Balance Control in Children with Excessive Body Weight and Flat Feet by Activating the Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: A Preliminary Study.

determining the appropriate rehabilitation protocol is essential to influence the correction of flat feet, e.g., by activating the intrinsic muscles of the foot. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of the exercises activating the intrinsic foot muscles for postural control in children with flat feet, with normal and excessive body weight. Fifty-four children aged 7 to 12 were enrolled in the research. Forty-five children were qualified for the final evaluation. Each child in the experimental group was demonstrated an appropriate technique for performing a short foot exercise without compensation by extrinsic muscle. The participants then performed a supervised short foot training session once a week and on other days of the week under the supervision of caregivers for 6 weeks. Flat feet were scored on the foot posture index scale. A postural test was evaluated with a Biodex balance system SD. Statistical significance in the foot posture index scale and postural test were evaluated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc test. according to the six indices of the foot posture index scale, five indicators showed statistically significant improvement after rehabilitation. At the 8-12 platform mobility level, it was revealed that the excessive body weight group had significant improvements in the overall stability index and medio-lateral stability index, with eyes closed. our results indicate that a 6-week rehabilitation program based on the activation of the intrinsic muscles of the foot resulted in an improvement in the foot position. This, in turn, affected balance control, especially in children with excess body weight in conditions of closed eyes.

Sleep insufficiency, circadian rhythms, and metabolomics: the connection between metabolic and sleep disorders.

US adults who report experiencing insufficient sleep are more likely to suffer from metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity than those with sufficient sleep. Less is understood about the underlying molecular mechanisms connecting these phenomena. A systematic, qualitative review of metabolomics studies exploring metabolic changes in response to sleep insufficiency, sleep deprivation, or circadian disruption was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. An electronic literature review in the PubMed database was performed considering publications through May 2021 and screening and eligibility criteria were applied to articles retrieved. The following keywords were used: "metabolomics" and "sleep disorders" or "sleep deprivation" or "sleep disturbance" or "circadian rhythm." After screening and addition of studies included from reference lists of retrieved studies, 16 records were identified for review. Consistent changes in metabolites were observed across studies between individuals experiencing sleep deprivation compared to non-sleep deprived controls. Significant increases in phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitines, sphingolipids, and other lipids were consistent across studies. Increased levels of amino acids such as tryptophan and phenylalanine were also noted. However, studies were limited to small samples of young, healthy, mostly male participants conducted in short inpatient sessions, limiting generalizability. Changes in lipid and amino acid metabolites accompanying sleep deprivation and/or circadian rhythms may indicate cellular membrane and protein breakdown underlying the connection between sleep disturbance, hyperlipidemia, and other metabolic disorders. Larger epidemiological studies examining changes in the human metabolome in response to chronic insufficient sleep would help elucidate this relationship.

Evaluating the Effect of Brief Disaster Education on Emergency Department Staff: Can Short, Low-cost Education Improve Disaster Readiness of Non-DMAT Healthcare Personnel?

Introduction:Some incidents require early deployment of emergency department personnel not designated as disaster medical assistance team (DMAT). Although not as trained as DMAT members, they should be aware of basic disaster response concepts and knowledge. Educating disaster readiness to every healthcare staff in emergency departments would be ideal but it is very costly in both time and expense. To overcome this problem, we tried to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching basic concept and knowledge to non-designated personnel in a short-session and measure the effect.Method:This study is a before-and-after comparison study. From July 2020 to July 2022, a two-hour education was given to volunteers among doctors, nurses, paramedics and administrative staff working in emergency departments across four hospitals in Korea. Educational sessions consisted of basic disaster concept, pre-deployment DMAT preparations, initial actions required on incident site, key elements of incident response (command, control, safety, communication), and triage. Attendees were given a pretest before the session and another test after the session. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to compare the results.Results:Total of 105 volunteers participated in the study. Participants were mostly nurses (62.9%) followed by paramedics (23.8%). Overall knowledge level reported to be increased, including knowledge regarding DMAT deployment (29.5% to 93.3%, p<0.001), DMAT personnel (26.7% to 94.3%, p<0.001), DMAT-designated equipment (23.8% to 60.0%, p<0.001), initial response (27.6% to 69.5%, p<0.001) and patient transport priority (74.3% to 94.3%, p<0.001). Questions testing triage and rate of participants answering every question showed improvement with post-test median score of 67% and rate of 1.0% to post-test median score of 100% and rate of 35.2%, respectively (both p<0.001).Conclusion:Educating non-DMAT personnel in emergency departments with a short session showed significant improvement in basic knowledge of disaster response. It may help institutions with limited resources.

Eye Donation: Knowledge, Beliefs, Awareness, and Willingness Among Ambulance Drivers in Central India.

To determine the awareness about and willingness to donate eyes among ambulance drivers in Central India. Prospective, observational, noncomparative, and cross-sectional survey study. Tertiary eye care center in Central India. The present study used a structured questionnaire distributed to ambulance drivers during the eye donation fortnight (August 25-September 8, 2022). The questionnaire comprised four domains: awareness, knowledge beliefs, and willingness to donate eyes. The collected data were entered into an Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Forty-seven ambulance drivers participated in the study. All participants were men. The results showed that 48.9% (n = 23) of the ambulance drivers had completed elementary or middle school education. Furthermore, 27 (57%) participants were aware of eye donation; however, only 14 (29.7%) realized its importance. The source of information was mobile phones (n = 20, 42.6%). The common reason for the nondonation of eyes was lack of awareness (n = 14 29.7%). Thirty-five (74.5%) ambulance drivers were willing to donate their eyes, and the most common reason was the gratification derived from helping blind people. The study revealed the need to improve awareness and knowledge about eye donation among the participants. Arranging short sessions round the year, addressing the myths associated with eye donation, and sharing motivational stories may help create awareness. Display of information and booklets on eye donation in the ambulance is likely to help in obtaining more corneas for transplantation.

Benefits arising from the practice of High Intensity Interval Training

High intensity interval training, also known as HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training), is characterized by short duration sessions, with loads and speeds at high intensity, using different pause variables. HIIT, when consistently prescribed, can accelerate metabolism and increase processes of caloric expenditure, aerobic resistance and VO2max. Thus, this study aimed to carry out a review of the specialized literature on the benefits related to HIIT. For the composition of this research, scientific articles published between the years 1962 until the most current 2023 were consulted. HIIT has been much discussed by specialists in the sports field and physiologists around the world, featuring a practice that has been rapidly gaining prominence among athletes and non-athletes alike, as it is a short-term activity and presents several benefits when compared to continuous long-term aerobic training. duration. It is concluded that HIIT training is a strong ally for promoting health and well-being, as it is an effective, fast method that can be practiced in different ways and in different environments.

Psychology Faculty Overestimate the Magnitude of Cohen’s d Effect Sizes by Half a Standard Deviation

In this experiment, we recruited 261 psychology faculty to determine the extent to which they were able to visually estimate the overlap of two distributions given a Cohen’s d effect size; and vice-versa estimate d given two distributions of varying overlap. In a pre-test, participants in both conditions over-estimated effect sizes by half a standard deviation on average. No significant differences in estimation accuracy by psychology sub-field were found, but having taught statistics coursework was a significant predictor of better performance. After a short training session, participants improved substantially on both tasks on the post-test, with 63% reduction in absolute error and negligible overall bias (98% bias reduction). Furthermore, post-test performance indicated that learning transferred across answering modes. Teachers of statistics might find it beneficial to include a short exercise (less than 10 minutes) requiring the visual estimation of effect sizes in statistics coursework to better train future psychology researchers.

Lisfranc Injury Diagnosis: What Is the Diagnostic Reliability of New Radiographic Signs Using Three-dimensional CT?

Up to one-third of Lisfranc injuries (an injury affecting the normal stability, alignment, and congruency of the tarsometatarsal joints) are misdiagnosed. Delayed diagnosis and improper treatment may lead to long-term, irreversible sequela and functional disability. Recently, the employment of three-dimensional (3D) CT demonstrated higher diagnostic reliability, but there is limited evidence on this, and radiologic features of Lisfranc injuries when using this diagnostic modality are not well described. What is the diagnostic performance of several novel radiographic signs on 3D CT when evaluating for Lisfranc injury, namely the Mercedes sign, the peeking metatarsal sign, and the peeking cuneiform sign, and what is the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of those diagnostic signs? In this retrospective, diagnostic study, video clips of 3D CT reconstructions of 52 feet with intraoperatively confirmed Lisfranc injuries and 50 asymptomatic feet with a normal appearance of the tarsometatarsal joints, as ascertained by a subspecialty-trained foot and ankle surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist, were analyzed by two foot and ankle specialists and three orthopaedic residents twice each, with a washout period of 2 weeks. Among the 52 patients with intraoperative evidence of Lisfranc injury, there were 27 male patients and 25 female patients, with a median (IQR) age of 40 years (23 to 58); among the 50 controls, there were 36 male and 14 female patients, with a median age of 38 years (IQR 33 to 49). For each video clip, the presence of all three radiographic signs was documented (each sign was rated in a binary yes/no fashion). Before the evaluations, all observers underwent a short training session by the head of the foot and ankle department. Later, these reading were used to assess for the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in terms of Lisfranc diagnosis against the gold standard of intraoperative testing of tarsometatarsal joint stability. Intraoperatively, the congruency and stability of the second tarsometatarsal joint had been evaluated by direct visualization and by the insertion of a probe into the joint between the base of the second metatarsus and the medial cuneiform and twisting the probe to assess for stability. The individuals evaluating the video clips were unaware of the surgically obtained diagnosis at the time they performed their evaluations. All 3D radiographic signs that were examined had excellent diagnostic reliability in terms of sensitivity and specificity, ranging from 92% to 97% and from 92% to 93%, respectively. When assessing the association between the suggested 3D radiographic signs and Lisfranc injury diagnosis as a function of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the Mercedes sign demonstrated a higher area under the curve than the other signs did (0.91 versus 0.87 versus 0.8; p < 0.001). The mean intraobserver and interobserver reliability (kappa) values were excellent for all 3D radiographic signs that were evaluated. The proposed radiographic findings demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and were repeatable within and among observers. Three-dimensional CT radiographic signs could function as a valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation and initial screening for Lisfranc injury in the acute injury phase because obtaining AP bilateral standing radiographs of the foot is often impractical in the acute setting. Further research and comparison with AP weightbearing radiographs of the bilateral feet may be warranted. Level III, diagnostic study.

The effectiveness of the manual pressure points technique for hemorrhage control-The 2022 THOR pre-conference meeting experience.

Limb and junctional hemorrhage are leading causes of potentially preventable death among trauma casualties. Hemorrhage control for these regions could be achieved by direct or indirect pressure. The manual pressure points (MPP) involves applying manual pressure on the arterial supply to occlude distal blood flow without the need for specialized equipment. Prospective, non-randomized, human volunteer, controlled environment study involving 38 healthy military caregivers, with 26 participants attending a short instructional session. During a medical exercise, participants were requested to apply pressure on the supraclavicular and femoral points aiming to stop regional blood flow, measured by distal pulse palpation. The measures recorded included achievement of distal pulse cessation, success in achieving cessation for a full minute, and subjects' pain scores reported after each attempt. All participants succeeded in achieving distal pulse cessation for both the supraclavicular and femoral points for a full minute. The median time to initial success was 3.0 (interquartile range 2.0-5.0) seconds in the supraclavicular point and 4.5 (interquartile range 3.0-6.0) seconds in the femoral point. Pain scores ranging between 0 and 3 were reported by most subjects during supraclavicular (68.4%) and femoral occlusion (84.2%). The MPP technique was highly effective in occluding distal palpable pulses in healthy volunteers when applied to the supraclavicular and femoral arteries. Brief instruction on the technique can potentially improve the chances of achieving hemorrhage control within 5 s. Further research is required to determine efficacy among different populations and providers with varying experience levels.

Reduction of Excessive Dietary Sodium Consumption: Effectiveness of a Prevention Intervention among Health Workers in a Large Italian Hospital.

Excessive salt consumption is one of the leading causes of high blood pressure. Worldwide salt intake largely exceeds the WHO recommended amount. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of high salt consumers and the effectiveness of a short-term workplace educational intervention among health workers. An online survey, assessing daily salt consumption through the MINISAL-SIIA questionnaire, was sent to the 4911 health workers employed by the University Hospital of Verona, Italy. Health workers who had a high (total score ≥ 10) or moderate (total score = 8/9) salt consumption associated with obesity or arterial hypertension were invited to undergo a medical examination and a short individual counselling session. A total of 1665 health workers (34.0%) completed the online questionnaire; 40.9% and 12.6% had moderate and high salt intake, respectively. High salt intake was more prevalent in men, current and past smokers, and obese and overweight subjects. In 95 participants completing the clinical phase, median daily salt consumption decreased from 10 (p25-p75 8-11) to 7 g (6-8) (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure from 130 (120-140) to 120 (120-130) mmHg and weight from 78 (62-87) to 75 (62-86) kg. More than half of health workers had an excessive salt intake. However, a brief educational intervention in the healthcare working setting can substantially reduce unhealthy dietary habits, fostering weight loss and blood pressure control. Studies with a longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the persistence over time of these effects.

C reactive protein-guided prescription of antibiotics for children under 12 years with respiratory symptoms in Kyrgyzstan: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial with 14 days follow-up

IntroductionWhile lower respiratory tract infections are the main cause of death for children under 5 globally, only a small proportion of children with respiratory tract infections need antibiotics. Overuse of...

A cross-national study on the excessive use of short-video applications among college students

With the proliferation of short-video apps in life, excessive use has become prevalent and caused significant negative consequences among college students. Short-videos present several differences from traditional social media and games by engaging users in short sessions that allows one to easily manage withdrawal and perform work/play in parallel. As withdrawal and the need for more excessive time characterize key elements of traditional internet and social media addiction, findings from studies surrounding non-short video platforms may not readily apply. These problems call for a renewed study focusing on short-video specific characteristics in order to be relevant. Consequently, this study expands the I-PACE model with individual motivational factors elucidating how the excessive use of short-video apps is formed. A representative sample of college students was recruited from China and United States to present a cross-culture perspective on the relationship between motivation and excessive use. This study contributes to the literature by empirically verifying a theoretical model on short-video apps and by offering useful implications for managing excessive use behavior.

Using imagery to build confidence in esports

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide strategies for using imagery to build confidence in esport athletes. Because confidence is a belief and strongly influenced by success and failure, mental training using imagery should be designed to create and sustain an agile mindset to accept events that shake confidence and enable athletes to respond productively to adapt and restore self-belief. Esport athletes should start small with short but frequent sessions of polysensory imagery practice of simple skills and strategies to build imagery skill and confidence. Imagery practice should be similar to competition, in terms of physical posture, setting, and equipment. Confidence-building imagery strategies include creating and rehearsing optimal performance plans as well creating imagery scripts for productive responses to mistakes, losing, tilting, and worrying about the skills and decision-making of teammates. Uses of imagery can be periodized to optimally develop confident performance and responses, prepare for specific opponents or tournaments, and assess prior performances using a growth mindset to enhance self-belief.

The co-design of an exercise-based, lifestyle intervention for people with venous leg ulcers; a self-care, expert-supported strategy for a chronic condition.

Exercise is recommended as an adjunct treatment, alongside compression therapy to increase venous leg ulcer (VLU) wound healing times, however, there are no published programmes available that support patients to exercise at home on their own. To develop an exercise-based lifestyle intervention that is feasible and acceptable to people with VLUs, a participatory approach was utilised. Clinicians, researchers, and people living with VLUs collaborated in the design of "FISCU Home". Two focus groups and nine interviews were conducted with people living with a VLU. Tissue viability nurses provided clinical expertise. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. Ten key themes were identified and incorporated into FISCU Home: (I) a condition-specific flexible programme, (II) personal assessment and tailored exercises, (III) tapered individualised support, (IV) short lower-intensity sessions, (V) chair-based options, (VI) falls prevention, (VII) accessible resources, (VIII) functional, compact, self-managed exercises, (IX) a behaviour change strategy, and (X) education. FISCU Home has integrated patients' needs and preferences with evidence-based principles and theory to create an exercise-based lifestyle intervention for people with VLUs. FISCU Home could provide a mainstream adjunct therapy in wound care and support the movement towards self-management.