Short Interview Research Articles

Perspectives of University Academics on Language Attitudes and Beliefs: A Mix Method Approach

This research aims to investigate the language attitudes and linguistic beliefs among private University academics in Lahore. It delves into the intricate interplay between Pakistan's national and its official language, investigating their influence on the perspectives of private University teachers’ language attitudes and beliefs in Lahore. Employing Spolsky's national language policy theory (2004), the study focuses on female English academics working in private Universities. Based on the observation that the majority of the faculty members of the English department are females, the research sample includes 50 female English academics working in eight private Universities in Lahore. Considering the complexity of the field of language beliefs and the linguistic diversity in Lahore, a mixed-method research (MMR) approach has been employed. The research uses an explanatory sequential approach; the quantitative data collection through an online survey was followed by short interviews of 10 randomly selected participants. A descriptive approach has been used to analyze the quantitative and the qualitative data side-by-side; the quantitative data has been analyzed using bar graphs that were obtained from Google Forms, whereas the qualitative data has been analyzed by manual thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveal slight signs of linguistic biases towards the three prevalent languages in Lahore i.e.: Urdu, English, and Punjabi. Future researchers can benefit from this research to study the language attitudes and language beliefs among either Urdu or English academics working in government Universities. Comparative analysis between the current and future research endeavors promises to enrich this field further.

Creative dance – practising and improving … what? A study in physical education teacher education

Creative dance, that is to say, movements, with or without music, which allow participants to express ideas, thoughts, and feelings, are sometimes accompanied by a ‘there is no right or wrong way to move’ rhetoric. This may reinforce the impression among physical education teacher education (PETE) students, who often have limited experience of (creative) dance, that there is nothing to practise in creative dance and that this activity is merely directionless movement. In this paper, however, based on Aggerholm's notion of practising movements, we explore an occasion in a PETE course where a magic moment occurred, indicating that the students had practised and ‘figured out’ something that made this moment possible. The purpose of the paper is to explore the knowledge in movement that PETE students were practising as they participated in creative dance. The purpose is also to shed light on what pedagogical practice contributed to enabling such practising. Video documentation and short interviews with students in one PETE course and one continuing professional development course for physical education teachers indicate that the magic moment was made possible as the students’ practised making sense of moving in non-predetermined – creative – ways and appreciating the expressive dimension of movement. Laban's movement analysis framework seemed, along with the teachers’ knowledge of movement, to be an important element in the pedagogical practice that made the magic moment possible.

Smartbands and Behavioural Interventions in the Classroom: Multimodal Learning Analytics Stress-Level Visualisations for Primary Education Teachers

ABSTRACT Students’ stress levels may affect their well-being, attentiveness and learning outcomes in primary education classrooms. Positive behavioural interventions and support actions conducted by teachers may alleviate students’ stress levels, especially when addressing special educational needs. In this multimodal learning analytics study, students in a classroom were all given a smartband for their wrist during regular curriculum activities. Data comprised the semester of a single subject as a part of a research project conducted in Sweden. Biobehavioural stress-related arousal of students’ autonomic nervous system was visualised and analysed through distinguished behavioural modes. Additional data include naturalistic observational notes and two short teacher interviews. Research methodology and strategies for innovative implementation were presented and discussed alongside contextual details. For example, stress-level visualisations can aid actionable adjustments of behavioural intervention intensity and provide students’ attentiveness overview for teachers that sequence curricular activities during planning. Findings show an interdisciplinary basis for cost-effective real-time dynamic solutions that involve visual dashboards with advantages to understanding student learning, both at a school-wide system level and for the classroom, if viewed optimistically. However, research on the topic is still in its infancy, notably with ethical risks as a growing pain.

Conflicts and interactions in urban tourism: Use of urban public space by residents, tourists, and migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong

Conflicts over the use of public resources are not uncommon in urban destinations. While tourist-resident conflicts are well-researched, previous studies have not considered marginalized groups who cannot be categorized as tourists or locals, such as migrant domestic workers (MDWs). This study aims to explore the use of urban public spaces by residents, tourists, and MDWs and whether their co-presence leads to conflicts or interactions and understanding. In-depth interviews with MDWs and short interviews with residents and tourists were conducted. Findings revealed the sources of public space conflicts, including place, recreationist, and behavioral factors, and the varied experiences sought in open spaces. Nevertheless, residents and tourists expressed a high level of tolerance and understanding of MDWs' circumstances, which prevented direct conflicts. Although sharing the same public space did not necessarily facilitate cross-group social interactions, tourists and residents appreciated the diversity in public spaces, which also transformed tourists’ impression of Hong Kong.

Understanding psychological outcomes following exposure to potentially morally injurious events in animal care: development of the Moral Distress-Posttraumatic Growth Scale for Veterinary Professionals

ABSTRACT Aims To generate a taxonomy of potentially morally injurious events (PMIE) encountered in veterinary care and develop an instrument to measure moral distress and posttraumatic growth following exposure to PMIE in the veterinary population. Methods Development and preliminary evaluation of the Moral Distress-Posttraumatic Growth Scale for Veterinary Professionals (MD-PTG-VP) employed data from veterinary professionals (veterinarians, veterinary nurses, veterinary technicians) from Australia and New Zealand across three phases: (1) item generation, (2) content validation, and (3) construct validation. In Phase 1 respondents (n = 46) were asked whether they had experienced any of six PMIE and to identify any PMIE not listed that they had experienced. In Phase 2 a different group of respondents (n = 11) assessed a list of 10 PMIE for relevance, clarity and appropriateness. In Phase 3 the final instrument was tested with a third group of respondents (n = 104) who also completed the Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT), a measure of posttraumatic stress, and the Stress-Related Growth Scale–Short Form (SRGS-SF) a measure of perceived posttraumatic growth. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between respondent scores on each of the MD-PTG-VP subscales, the SPRINT, and the SRGS-SF to assess construct validity. Results A 10-item taxonomy of PMIE encountered in veterinary care was generated in Phase 1. Items were deemed relevant, clear and appropriate by veterinary professionals in Phase 2. These were included in the developed instrument which measures frequency and impact of exposure to 10 PMIE, yielding three subscale scores (exposure frequency, moral distress, and posttraumatic growth). Assessment of construct validity by measuring correlation with SPRINT and SRGS-SF indicated satisfactory validity. Conclusions The MD-PTG-VP provides an informative tool that can be employed to examine professionals’ mental health and wellbeing following exposure to PMIE frequently encountered in animal care. Further evaluation is required to ascertain population norms and confirm score cut-offs that reflect clinical presentation. Clinical relevance Once fully validated this instrument may be useful to quantify the frequency and intensity of positive and negative aspects of PMIE exposure on veterinary professionals so that accurate population comparisons can be made and changes measured over time.

Analysis of Students' Mathematical Connection Ability in Solving Task of Function

This study aims to analyze the student’s mathematical connection ability in topic of function, by using a descriptive qualitative analysis. Twenty-five students of grade 10 from one of the favorite schools in Sukabumi, West Java participated in the study. Data were collected by conducting instruments mathematical connection ability test and a short interview. The result showed that students’ mathematical connections were still in the low category with an average score of 43. Recommendations for future research are suggested, especially in improving students’ ability in mathematical connection by applying learning methods that will enhance their skills. Keywords: function, mathematical connection ability, solving task

Interview with Keti Chukhrov

This short interview explores the influence of Evald Ilyenkov’s work on contemporary philosopher, art theorist, and writer Keti Chukhrov. The interview focuses on Evald Ilyenkov’s contributions to Soviet culture, dialectics, and epistemology. She reflects on the distinct intellectual milieu of Soviet thinkers like Ilyenkov, Vygotsky, Davidov, and Lifshitz, who established connections between Marx and the broader world culture. The interview also addresses Žižek’s interpretation of Ilyenkov’s cosmology, emphasizing the ethical dimension of Ilyenkov’s communist spirit. Furthermore, Chukhrov touches on Ilyenkov’s critique of cybernetics and its relevance in contemporary discussions about AI and philosophy.

Towards comprehensive clinical trials for new tuberculosis drug regimens: policy recommendations from a stakeholder analysis

BackgroundResearch and development (R&D) of new drugs and regimens against tuberculosis (TB) is evolving to meet new challenges and face limited investments in the sector. To effectively improve and fill...

Pycnodysostosis: Characteristics of teeth, mouth and jaws.

To describe the clinical and radiographic oro-dental characteristics of patients with pycnodysostosis (PDO). A short interview and clinical examination of seven patients with PDO were performed as well as assessment of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles using the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, DC-TMD form. A full set of records were taken including photos and intraoral scan. Finally, existing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and radiographs were also studied. All patients presented with bimaxillary micrognathia, five had a convex profile, and two had a straight profile. In addition, posterior open bite, Angle Class III molar relation with accompanying anterior crossbite and a grooved median palate were common findings. No patient showed symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) apart from some clicking. Finally, the main radiographic findings were the obtuse mandibular angle, the frontal bossing, the elongation of the coronoid/condylar process and the presence of hypercementosis with obliterated pulp chambers. The examined patients with PDO were characterized by dental crowding, malocclusion (anterior crossbite, posterior open bite), hypercementosis, obliterated pulp chambers and deviations in mandibular morphology. In conclusion, patients with PDO have a specific need for dental and orthodontic monitoring with focus on crowding and posterior open bite. The patients will benefit from a long-term orthodontic plan including extractions.

Coral Morph: An Artistic Shape-Changing Textile Installation for Mindful Emotion Regulation in the Wild

Mindful human–computer interaction has been increasingly used to induce emotion regulation. The Coral Morph is an artistic shape-changing textile installation designed for mindful emotion regulation in public spaces. The installation incorporates affective soft-robotic material movements, heart rate physicalization, and expressive interactive textile features conceived to enhance sensory engagement. In an exhibition, 55 participants were recruited to interact with Coral Morph, allowing the evaluation of its sensory engagement, somesthetic appreciation, and lifelikeness perception. Participants’ facial expressions during interaction were triangulated with their questionnaire responses, and short interviews were conducted enquiring on the somatic feedback after the interaction. The empirical findings confirmed that participants perceived the installation as emotionally intelligent, animate, likable, safe, and interesting. Participants regarded the experience as pleasant, calm, positive, and relaxed, appreciating the somesthetic aspects, thus highlighting the effectiveness of the design elements. Furthermore, we highlighted the significance of individual differences in shaping the interactive encounter. These findings inform well-being and human–computer interaction researchers on designing future responsive installations for mindfulness and identifying future research avenues, encompassing the nuanced exploration of interactive material behaviors and advancements in evaluation methodologies.

3D-printed model for gingival flap surgery simulation: Development and pilot test.

To assess the feasibility of a realistic model for learning oral flaps using 3D printing technology. A mould was designed to reproduce the mandibular gingival mucosa, and a mandibular model was created using a three-dimensional printer for training undergraduate students to perform gingival flaps. After a short interview about its use, the participants were asked to use the simulator and provide feedback using a 5-point Likert questionnaire. The 3D-printed oral surgery flap training model was practical and inexpensive. The model was very realistic, educational and useful for hands-on training. 3D printing technology offers new possibilities for training in dental treatments that are currently difficult to replicate. The use of this simulator for oral flap surgery was well-received and considered promising by the participants.

Pengembangan Media Infografiscandi Penataran Sebagai Sumber Sejarah Siswa Kelas VII di MTs Salafiyah Kasim Blitar

Learning media is an important thing to do in learning, therefore researchers develop learning media. This research was conducted at MTs Salafiyah Kasim because this school has potential and problems. The problem that researchers found in class was the lack of student activity in participating in history learning in class, namely at the beginning of learning there were students who felt sleepy and apart from that other students preferred to play with their classmates, so students became less active in the material. From the results of these observations, the researcher obtained several problem formulations, namely 1.) What are the steps for developing infographic media on the theme of the upgrading temple for class VII students at Mts Salafiyah Kasim. 2.) What is the level of validity of developing infographic media on the theme of upgrading temples for class VII students at Mts Salafiyah Kasim. This research includes development research or R&D (Research and Development) using the ADDIE development model. Data collection by researchers uses observation, questionnaires and documentation. The data obtained will be in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data in the form of observations and short interviews and quantitative data in the form of test scores and results from validation of infographic media. The validity of infographic media on the theme of upgrading temples is in the good category. In the media expert validity test the average was 50 with a percentage of 83%, in the material expert validity test the average was 93 with a percentage of 88%. Based on these results, infographic media is suitable for use. Steps for developing infographic media on the theme of temple upgrading. In the first stage of analysis, the researcher analyzed the needs in consultation with the class VII social studies teacher at Mts Salafiyah Kasim, namely Ludfi ​​Abu Mahmud, S. Mat., in the second stage of design, the researcher designed the infographic media as attractively as possible , the third stage of development, the researcher validates the learning media with validators, the fourth stage of implementation, the researcher tests the media for large-scale and small-scale trials. The fifth stage of evaluation, comparison of trials of infographic media on a large scale and a small scale.

Penthrox Is an Effective Analgesic but Is It Patient Approved?

Background Penthroxis a handheld inhaler that administers methoxyflurane. Its use is approved for analgesia in moderate-to-severe trauma-related pain in adults in the ED. The literature currently lacks methodologically robust qualitative data on individual patient experiences. Using a structured qualitative study, we set out to address this shortcoming. Methods Five patients were selected as a focus group to identify key themes they felt were important to explore, and these were included in the questionnaire design. We retrospectively identified all uses of Penthrox in the ED from June to August 2021. Qualitative data was gathered using the Trickett short interview method, and responses were grouped into positive and negative descriptors. In addition, quantitative data concerning their experience using the 5-point Likert scale was also gathered. Results A total of 101 participants responded to the questionnaire. Penthrox was utilised mainly for the manipulation of fractures, most commonly those of the ankle and wrist. Around 90% reported an overall satisfaction of ≥ good, and 97% reported the ease of use to be ≥ good. Its analgesic effectiveness was rated as excellent by 52%, and ≥ good by 89%. The most reported side effects were drowsiness (13%) and nausea (7%). The majority reported no side effects (74%). About 94% of the participants said they would take it again if required. An NVivo word cloud (Lumivero, Denver, CO, USA) was created visually, confirming an overall positive experience amongst the patients. Conclusions This study shows that Penthrox is a well-tolerated and user-friendly means of alleviating trauma-related pain in the ED. It highlights the importance of taking into consideration the individual patient journey alongside robust evidence-based data on safety and efficacy for the development of a holistic treatment.

Description of sociodemographics and dietary patterns in hypertension on Puskesmas II Denpasar Timur

Introduction: Hypertension is a significant problem that is faced global-wide and nation-wide. The increasing number of hypertension cases is caused by numerous risk factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable. This research aims to know the description of diet as a risk factor of hypertension on primary healthcare facilities in Denpasar. Method: This research is a descriptive, cross-sectional study done with consecutive sampling methods, researching on 93 respondents with 89 valid data and 4 invalid data. The research is done by filling a questionnaire, short interview, and blood pressure measurement. Result: From the 89 valid data, it was found that the majority of respondents were female with the age group <30 years only male while the age group 30-39 years only female. The average frequency of respondents' meals per day was 3 times, the types of food consumed daily were liquids, staple foods, animal protein, plant protein, and vegetables. Fruits and junk food were consumed weekly and monthly while milk was only consumed monthly. Conclusion: The daily nutrient consumption of hypertensive respondents in this study did not exceed the Indonesian RDA and DASH diet except magnesium. There is a need for a more comprehensive analytical study covering the correlation between diet and hypertension rate.

"Aquilibria: The battle to balance"-a narrative card and board game on acid-base regulation for first-year medical students.

Recognizing the growing value of game-based learning in medical education, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation, "Aquilibria: The Battle to Balance," a creative narrative card and board game to help improve learners' understanding and application of the concepts of acid-base balance. In this mixed-method study, 120 first-year medical students participated. The innovation employed a card and board style integrated with a captivating story. Students were divided into small groups of six each with a facilitator. Following this, the posttest was conducted to compare the educational gain. Also, students' perceptions about the game were obtained using a 32-item questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. In addition to this, the confidence level among students to understand and interpret the concepts of acid-base regulation before and after the game was obtained using a 10-item questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, for qualitative data, short interviews with open-ended questions were conducted and thematic analysis was performed. The results showed a highly significant improvement in academic performance from a pretest score of 7.57 ± 1.07 (means ± SD) to 16.14 ± 1.80 in the posttest with a P value of <0.0001. There was a notable increase in confidence among learners after the game, and highly positive student feedback was received. These findings support the growing recognition of narrative game-based learning as a valuable and engaging strategy in medical education, offering a promising avenue for fostering deeper understanding and retention of complex medical concepts.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This innovation is a captivating blend of storytelling, cards, and board gameplay to facilitate the learning of acid-base regulation. This engaging game offers a wealth of questions and diverse case scenarios, allowing learners to repeatedly explore and grasp the intricacies of acid-base balance. What sets this game apart is its robust assessment strategy, supported by overwhelmingly positive feedback and marked academic improvement. This innovation is a must-have for students seeking a dynamic and effective learning experience.

Engaging children's voices for tourism and marine futures through drawing in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia

Ocean tourism is a primary source of income for many small-island and coastal communities. Participatory processes have been advocated to develop and implement community-based management plans to address various problems induced from tourism development and achieve the desired and sustainable futures. One debate over such processes is the under-representation of children. Using drawing workshops with children, this paper aims to explore children's representations and temporal orientations toward the future of the marine environment of a tourist destination – Gili Trawangan in Indonesia. A total of 91 children participated in four drawing workshops in January 2023. They were asked to make two drawings based on the following broad questions: (1) What do you see/do at the sea and coast now? and (2) What do you want to see/do at the sea and coast 5 years later? They also attended a short interview to describe and explain what they had drawn. The children have represented uses of the sea and coast by themselves, other users as well as the marine animals. They have also expressed various temporal orientations through their drawings and interview, including anticipation, hope, expectation, concern, anxiety and despair. These temporal orientations offer a very strong set of information to be included in decision-making workshops and policy recommendations. This paper has reiterated that children do have a stake in such decision-making processes for their sustainable futures and thus their voices need to be heard. This paper is one of the attempts to provide opportunities for children to actively engage in research and have their voices heard through innovative methodologies. It is also the first attempt to explore children's orientations toward the marine futures with the intent to include such information in the subsequent decision-making process. It adds to the existing literature by engaging children's voices to promote inter-generational justice, and calls for increased efforts in the realization of such component in sustainable development.

General Attitude Scale for Social Media Influencers

This study aims to develop and validate a scale measuring consumers’ attitudes towards social media influencers (SMIs). In this sense, the study population consisted of social media users who followed at least one social media influencer. The survey method was used as the data collection tool in the study. While creating the scale items, relevant literature as well as expressions and some sentences obtained from short interviews with consumers who use social media and follow at least one social media influencer were used. As part of the research, 821 surveys were accepted as valid and evaluated. After pretesting studies on a group of 258 people, the scale was retested with a new sample of 821 people. The skewness and kurtosis values were between +1.96 and -1.96. The sample had a normal distribution. The EFA analysis revealed that the scale item distribution was compatible with the pretest analysis. Although no random distribution was found with parallel analysis, Kaiser–Guttman analysis was also performed to control the distribution of random scales into their subdimensions. The EFA results showed that the developed scale provided appropriate values. KMO=0.896, Bartlett’s sphericity test=0.000, Bartlett’s&lt;0.05, Cronbach’s alpha=0.889, AVE=0.585, and CR=0.934. As a result of CFA, the values for the goodness of fit were found to be appropriate (x2 (df)=3.144; p=0.000, RMSEA=0.051; CFI=0.994; GFI=0.990; SRMR=0.014; AVE=0.580; CR=0.933), and it was observed that there were no items below the factor value of 0.50. As a result of the invariance analysis, it was understood that the developed scale had invariance properties and was suitable for use with a large audience, as the ∆CFI value was less than 0.01 between both samples. The General Attitudes Scale towards social media influencers has a single factor and consists of six items. The factor loading values of the scale items ranged between 0.53 and 0.90. In this research, it was determined that social media influencers had a significant impact on the participants. The general attitudes of the participants as part of the study had a significant effect on their social media influencers.

Яркое событие на сцене Московского международного Дома музыки

The article is devoted to the jubilee concert of I. Bril’s trio held at the Moscow International House of Music on June 9, 2024. It concludes with a short interview with the pianist.

Challenges in Conducting Co-Creation Workshops to Study Net Zero Understandings, Initiatives and Sustainable Design Futures with Grassroots Communities - A Case Study

The Co-creation workshop is widely used as a qualitative design (research) approach in understandings of service provision, and is here applied to sustainable design, but there is no one-size-fits-all plan for co-creation. Therefore, our research questions are (1) how to apply co-creation workshop methods for grassroots communities on the unfamiliar ‘Net-Zero’ concept, and what are practical challenges to be mitigated and how? We researched this through a case study, and here present three key challenges we experienced when conducting a qualitative study on grassroots community opinions/attitudes towards the UK government’s ‘Net-Zero’ strategy. Firstly, recruiting and engaging with participants are challenging because (A) the ‘Net-Zero’ concept is unfamiliar, and (B) grassroots are in general less well organized and lack clear communication channels. Secondly, finding alternative ways to recruit participants in a short time is challenging, and thirdly, conducting research in the ‘wild’ way is difficult. From our co-creation experience, advisable solutions to the challenges (as our research contributions) include (1) quickly developing or having a well-prepared alternative plan to actively talk to and invite potential participants to the research location, (2) using alternative qualitative research methods such as short semi-structured surveys or interviews to do on-site ‘pop-up’ research in the wild, and (3) to locate a workshop where is easier to find participants in the ‘pop-up’ way and so gather data that can be clearly communicated to the stakeholders able to design and implement future sustainable development for the local community and the future sustainable design of the local environment and energy provision.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Compassion-Focused Treatment on the Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and compassion-focused on the severity of digestive symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The research method was of semi-experimental type with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and experimental and control groups. The population included patients with IBS in Isfahan city, 45 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (15 in each group). Then, the patients of one experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program, while the other experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes of compassion-focused therapy. The measurement tools included the severity of IBS scale and a short clinical interview. Research data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures on one factor (mixed design). The results showed that both methods of intervention had been equally effective on the severity of disease symptoms (P<0.01). Both intervention methods can be used as a complementary treatment for patients with IBS.