Shortage Of Time Research Articles

Glass transition and aging of the rigid amorphous fraction in polymorphic poly(butene-1)

The origin of “annealing peaks” in semicrystalline polymers, obtained with aging thermal protocols at temperatures between the glass transition and the melting temperature, and revealed by calorimetry as small endotherms preceding the main melting peak, has been recently debated in the literature. On the one side it is claimed that these small endotherms are related to the melting of defective/thinner crystals, on the other side it is proposed that they can be associated to the enthalpy relaxation of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), i.e., that part of the amorphous region directly coupled to the crystalline stems. With this work we aim to contribute to the debate, by exploiting the different thermal properties of the RAF coupled with different crystal modifications of polymorphic poly (butene-1) (PB-1). In this polymer the RAF mobilizes at largely different temperatures when it is coupled with crystals of trigonal Form I, or tetragonal Form II. By exploiting this peculiarity, we performed isochronous aging experiments with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on both crystalline phases, in a wide temperature range between the glass transition of the mobile (bulk) amorphous fraction and the onset of crystal melting. An endothermic peak above the aging temperature was typically observed. The trend of the enthalpy of this annealing peak with temperature can be described by a bell-shaped curve, approaching zero recovered enthalpy at temperatures of 100–110 °C, and 40–50 °C for Form I and Form II, respectively. These temperatures coincide with previous literature report about mobilization of PB-1 RAF and are thus identified as the upper limit of the RAF glass transition for the two polymorphs. Isothermal aging experiments as a function of time suggest that the enthalpy recovery of Form I RAF show the typical signature of glassy dynamics, similarly to what occurs for Form II RAF after short aging times. At longer times, the superposition of the polymorphic phase transition and RAF aging changes the kinetics of the recovered enthalpy for the latter polymorph, possibly due to the increased stress at the crystal-amorphous interface and creation of additional RAF in parallel with Form II to Form I transformation. Overall, our results demonstrate that for PB-1, at least within the investigated temperature range, the annealing peaks can be related to the RAF strive to attain thermodynamic equilibrium in its glassy state.

أسباب رفض المعلمين لاستخدام بوابة المستقبل في المملکة العربية السعودية وتصنيفها وفقاً لنظرية نشر الابتکارات

ملخص الدراسة باللغة العربية: هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أسباب رفض المعلمين لاستخدام بوابة المستقبل في المدارس المطبقة لها في المملکة العربية السعودية وتصنيفها وفقا لنظرية نشر الابتکارات، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اتباع المنهج الوصفي بالاعتماد على استبانة مبنية على نظرية نشر الابتکارات کأداة للدراسة، وتکون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع المعلمين بالمدارس المطبقة لبوابة المستقبل خلال الفصل الدراسي الثاني من العام الدراسي 1441-1440هـ وعددهم (70714) معلما، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (392) معلما ومعلمة. وتوصلت الدراسة للنتائج التالية: لا يوجد فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (α ≥ 0.05) تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخبرة، والتخصص، بينما يوجد فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (α ≥ 0.05) تعزى لمتغير المنطقة لصالح المنطقة الغربية، کما أثبتت الدراسة أن أعلى محاور الأسباب رفضا هو التجريب ثم التقييم ثم الاهتمام فالوعي وبالنسبة للعبارات المفردة فکانت الأسباب: بطء البوابة وتعطلها لبعض الوقت وضعف البنية التحتية لشبکة الانترنت وضعف دافعية الطالب أعلى درجات الموافقة لدى المستجيبين، ويأتي بعدها قلة الحوافز المعنوية وعدم توفر التدريب الکافي لبوابة المستقبل وضيق الوقت واتساع المنهج. وکانت أهم التوصيات دمج بوابة المستقبل مع نظام نور وبوابة عين التعليمية، وتطوير تطبيق خاص ببوابة المستقبل. وتکثيف الدورات التدريبية للمعلمين. الکلمات المفتاحية: بوابة المستقبل، نظرية نشر الابتکارات. Abstract: The study was aimed to find out the reasons behind teachers' rejection of using the future gate (LMS) in Saudi Arabia and classify it according to the theory of diffusion of innovations, and to achieve the objectives of the study we followed the descriptive method relying on a questionnaire which in turn based on the theory of diffusion innovations as a tool for study. The study community was consisted of all teachers in the schools that applied Future Gate in Saudi Arabia during the second semester of the school year 1441-1440 and they were (70714) teacher, whereas the sample of the study consisted of (392) teachers, male and female. The study reached the following results: There are no statistical differences at the level (α ≥ 0.05( according to changes in sex, academic qualifications, years of experience, or major, but there are some statistical differences at the level (α ≥ 0.05( according to the area variable in favor of the Western Region. The study also approved that the most rejected axes were experimentation, evaluation, interest and awareness. And for single phrases, the reasons were: the slowness of Future its disruption for some time, the weakness of the internet infrastructure, as well as the student's motivation gain the highest approval ratings among respondents, followed by the moral incentives and the lack of adequate training for the Future Gate in addition to the shortage of time and the large curriculum. The most important recommendations were the integrating the Future Gate with Noor System and Ien TV (the national education portal), and the developing special mobile application for the Future Gate, and intensify training courses for teachers. Keywords: Future Gate, diffusion of innovations.

Evaluation of Irrational use of Antibiotics among the Local Population of District Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan

The aim of study was to assess the irrational use of antibiotics among the local population of Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan. Rational or proper medication means patients consume proper medicines for said diagnostic disease and after its consumption, the symptoms disappear. For rational use, selection of medicines is very important along with its proper dosing and it is also necessary to check the adequate time for proper treatment. Cross-sectional study was conducted at various out-patient settings located in Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences, District Shaheed Benazir Abad for the period of 06 months. Total 374 study samples were collected by using simple random sampling technique. From the total study subjects, 209 were males and 165 females. 129 people had only primary qualification. 188 study subjects were married and 149 were unmarried, people use to take antibiotics due to less knowledge and trust on the medical prescriber and take as self diagnosis found among 48 and they didn’t have proper time to visit health care facility so the shortage of time was observed among 151 people. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimaxazole were frequently used by the participants due to different causes. Health Care professional should take proper action against the pharmacies and medical stores as they sale the drugs without any prescription and proper counseling session should be conducted, in order to educate the community regarding rational and irrational use of medicaments.

Assessment of the resistance to stress of candidates for the position of a manager based on modelling the stress factor “Lack of time”

The article discusses the problem of psychological assessment of respondents' stress resistance during professional selection. A theoretical analysis of the currently known methods for assessing stress resistance, their positive and negative sides is carried out. The problem of assessing stress resistance by psychological questionnaires is noted, in a situation where respondents are interested in inflated results (for example, during professional selection for leadership positions). The article proposes a method for assessing stress resistance based on modeling the stress factor “Time shortage”, which minimises the possibility of respondents' conscious distortion of the results during testing. The technique was tested during the selection of candidates for managerial positions in the Recruitment Agency “OKO” in Kirov.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of a lean duplex stainless steel aged at 475oC

In this research, the effects of isothermal treatments at 475 °C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a UNS S32304 lean duplex stainless steel were investigated. Samples of the alloy under as received and aged conditions were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy in order to evaluate the ability of these techniques to identify important aspects that characterize microstructural changes caused by aging. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by tensile tests, hardness tests, Charpy impact tests, crack extension resistance tests, force controlled axial fatigue tests and fatigue crack growth rate tests. The fracture surfaces of all tested specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the α-phase spinodal decomposition occurred, with a tendency to saturation for a not too long aging time. The analysis by atomic/magnetic force microscopy allowed to identify characteristics regarding the preferential phase dissolution of the α phase that distinguish the alloy in the as received condition from the aged alloy. As a consequence of the formation of the α’ phase, the absorbed impact energy and the fracture toughness of the alloy decreased substantially. On the other hand, the tensile strength and the fatigue resistance increased significantly. • Possibility to effectively follow spinodal decomposition in a LDSS using the Scanning Probe Microscopy technique. • Short aging time after which the spinodal decomposition and the mechanical behavior of the steel tend to saturate. • Higher values for LDSS impact strength and fracture toughness compared to other duplex stainless steel grades. • An adequate heat treatment can provide interesting values of tensile, toughness and fatigue resistance for the LDSS.

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and monitoring

IntroductionCognitive impairment (CI) has a prevalence of 45–70% in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), producing a negative impact on their quality of life, personal life, and work. Early detection of CI has become an important aspect to be considered for an adequate follow-up, to optimize social adaptation and to implement specific cognitive rehabilitation strategies. The aim of this work is to propose a suitable cognitive evaluation of patients with MS based on available and efficient tools for diagnosis and monitoring purposes well supported by literature review and clinical experience.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel of professionals from the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging performed a literature review of the topic of cognitive impairment assessment. This was combined and completed with their clinical experience to produce a set of recommendations.ResultsSome limitations to cognitive evaluation are described: shortage of time and resources during the neurology consultation, scarceness or absence of specialized professionals’ availability, importance of tests adaptation, and doubts about its use to define therapeutic efficiency. We recommend a baseline and annual screening evaluation, and we suggest a baseline and periodic neuropsychological assessment. The latter ought to change to a recommendation with the presence of either positive screening test, or subjective to cognitive complaints, screening-test results and patient or family report mismatch, or in specific social/work situations.ConclusionsCognitive evaluation should be performed on all patients diagnosed with MS and throughout follow-up. It is necessary to support the creation of multidisciplinary MS teams to optimize the evaluation and follow-up of MS patients.

Expectations of Zimbabwean Teachers and School Heads Regarding Forms of Professional Development Approaches Applied by Supervisors

The study sought to investigate forms of instructional supervisory assistance and professional development approaches teachers expect to receive from their supervisors. The investigation employed a mixed methods research design. The study population comprised all teachers and heads in schools in Harare and Mashonaland Central Provinces. It was conducted in 628 schools: 298 in Harare, and 330 schools in the predominantly rural Mashonaland Central Province. Harare being the largest city was specifically selected as a typical urban province; while Mashonaland Central, with many responsible authorities, was specifically chosen to represent predominantly rural province. The population was stratified according to province and position of would-be respondents. The required random sample was taken from each stratum. Sample size was 741 teachers and school heads randomly selected as follows: 373 from Harare and 368 from Mashonaland Central. Data were collected through questionnaires in which respondents indicated their expectations. Findings revealed that teachers expected the following forms of assistance from supervisors: making greater use of multi-sensory visual teaching aids; caring for needs of talented learners; evaluation of teacher’s own teaching competence, and conducting a good lesson. Both school heads and teachers viewed as effective supervisory approaches, participatory ones in which teachers jointly-planned and organized with supervisors. Major challenges faced by schools included shortage of time, inadequate teaching and learning resources, negative attitudes and low teacher morale. The study recommends that education Supervisors embrace these expectations and employ more participatory approaches.

Breakfast practices and factors associated with skipping of breakfast in medical students

Objectives: To find out the breakfast practices and factors associated with skipping breakfast in medical students of Karachi.Material and Methods: This is is a Descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in public sector medical institutes of Karachi from 1st January to 31st March 2019. 382 medical students were enrolled after taking informed consent. Data were collected from included students of this study, who had an age of 18 to 24 years, and all other students having a history of lactose intolerance, anorexia nervosa, and food allergies were excluded from the study. Breakfast outcome (practices and skip or omit of breakfast) data were collected by self-made structured questionnaire and anthropometric data (height, weight) were recorded. Body mass index was calculated as weight (Kg)/height (m)2. Collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for social sciences version 22.Results: The mean age and mean Body mass index of students were 20.83±1.54 and 15.53±3.5 respectively. The study outcomes on breakfast practices, among participants, showed 81.4% were taken breakfast, breakfast skippers were 18.6%, gender-based comparison between breakfast-skippers males (14.1%): females (85.9%) were respectively and shortage of time is the main factor (56.3%) associated with breakfast skipping in students. There is no significant (p>0.05) association between Gender-based comparison between factors associated with breakfast skipping.Conclusion: The breakfast skippers were 18.6%, and among the main factors associated with skipping of breakfast was a shortage of time (56.3%).

Exploring Problems Faced by University Students Regarding Semester System

The semester system helps the students in learning more than the annual system. The semester system is very much effective in higher education. But at the same time, it creates many problems for students. The purpose of the study is that find out the problem in the semester system and its advantages disadvantages. During the semester system, students faced many problems. Hence the major purpose of the study is to find the difficulties during exams and presentations, assignments,shortage of time, etc. Its solutions and opinion of students. The population of the study was first semester students selected non-randomly and taken 20 students for interview. Two government universities were visited for this purpose. It was a qualitative study that ways followed the step of thematic analysis calculation is that the semester system is the opposite annual system. The semester system exam was held after six months, and students faced a problem because of shortage time anxiety for the exam. Semester system significant is that in which each academic year is divided into two periods. It develops presentation skills and confidence through the semester system.

A study of the socionic characteristics of males and females for improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists

Aim.This article continues the series of studies aimed at improving the aptitude screening of commercial aviation personnel. The socionic characteristics of a human operator define his/her work with information flows, and their significance is the higher, the greater is the time shortage they have to deal with as part of their professional activities, therefore, in this paper, those characteristics were examined as professionally important qualities of both a pilot, and an air traffic controller. The task consisted in evaluating the socionic characteristics of male and female control room specialists, who have successfully completed aptitude screening in commercial aviation, identifying the presence or absence of differences between the obtained results. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the research covered the socionic characteristics of males and females, whose professional activities have nothing to do with technology. In total, the study includes data of over 3116 tested persons.Methods.The 5-th modification of the MM-1 socionic test developed by the Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation was used as the psychodiagnostic method for estimating constituent socionic characteristics. The obtained samples were primarily compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The results were also processed using correlation analysis.Results.The paper presents socionic portraits,i.e. the distribution of the dominating components of the human socionic model among various samples, socionic models of various professional groups (human socionic model for a typical member of a sample), as well as graphical data per individual psychological dichotomies: “extraversion – introversion”, “logic – ethics”, “sensorics – intuition”, “rationality – irrationality”.Conclusions.The identified differences between the studied samples are primarily professional in their nature, i.e. comparing samples of individuals from the same professional group and approximately the same age, but different gender, in no case reliable differences were identified. Thus, no fundamental gender-specific differences were identified by the socionic psychodiagnostic method used as part of this work. However, the analysis of a number of Russian and foreign sources dedicated to gender differences suggests that improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists requires further research involving the evaluation of the differences in the expression of the necessary professionally significant qualities of control room specialists, not by criterion of biological sex, but rather in accordance with the identified gender-related personality type.

Development, spread and impact of primary care and musculoskeletal communities of practice to assist rapid translation of evidence into practice

Embedding research into practice is challenging. Barriers include: a shortage of time, lack of understanding of the evidence and a poor support in the clinical setting. A community of practice (CoP) model has been used to address these issues. Three 'Evidence into Practice' groups use a CoP model to assist the rapid translation of evidence into practice in primary and secondary care settings. We describe how a CoP model supports the functions, operations and outputs of three 'Evidence into Practice Groups'. A CoP model is used to engage a broad range of clinicians, researchers, managers, patients and librarians in the complex process of acquiring research knowledge and then translating knowledge into practice. The CoP principles of Domain, Community and Practice are used to describe three 'Evidence into Practice Groups' who cater for different elements of the care and academic sector and engage a range of professional groups. This includes primary and secondary care engaging professionals such as general practitioners (GP), practice nurses, allied health professionals, researchers and librarians. All groups are clinically led, academically supported and follow similar processes to identify the best evidence and translate it into practice. As the groups reflect the context in which they work they have different operational arrangements for example frequency and time of meetings. The CoP model enabled three 'Evidence into Practice Groups' over time to: engage over 180 clinical and academic staff; answer 130 clinical questions; improve clinical care, gain funding for two randomised controlled trials (enrolled over n=7000 participants) and identify areas for further research, quality improvement audit and training. The CoP model encourages the rapid translation of evidence into practice by engaging staff to identify areas of clinical concern in their own context, thereby stimulating their interest and involvement. This creates a meaningful link between research and practice. Clinical leadership and the CoP model ensure that practice change is quick and efficient. This model can be replicated at scale. Consideration needs to be given to the key ingredients to achieve impact.

Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of EAB‐Type Zeolite under Static Synthesis Conditions

AbstractConventionally, EAB‐type zeolites are crystallized by hydrothermal synthesis for many days under agitational synthesis conditions such as rotation or stirring. In the present study, EAB‐type zeolite is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis within 12 h under static synthesis conditions for the first time. The effects of crystallization temperature, aging of the precursor sol, and addition of seed crystals are investigated. The results reveal that EAB‐type zeolite can be obtained when using a precursor sol with short aging time followed by hydrothermal synthesis in a very narrow temperature range 110 °C−120 °C under static synthesis condition. Addition of seed crystals is found to suppress the formation of SOD‐type zeolite, the primary phase at high hydrothermal synthesis temperatures, while it does not increase the crystallization rate of EAB‐type zeolite. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior at 120 °C is examined by varying the synthesis time. EAB‐type zeolite with invariably twinned plate‐like morphology starts to crystallize between synthesis time of 3 to 6 h at 120 °C under the static synthesis condition.

Barriers to implementation of nursing process in South Gondar Zone Governmental hospitals, Ethiopia

BackgroundThe nursing process is a global concept, which forms the foundation of nursing as a profession. The use of the nursing process in most hospitals is lagging despite all the efforts of nursing professionals to implement it. The nursing process is dynamic and it is used in clinical practice worldwide to deliver quality-individualized care to patients. ObjectiveThis study assessed barriers to the implementation of the nursing process among nurses working at South Gondar Zone Governmental Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia, 2019. MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was carried out. By using Census about N = 249 nurses were recruited. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Descriptive statistics such as measurements of central tendency and inferential statistics multiple logistic regression, 95% CI, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was used. The study was approved by Debre Tabor University college of health sciences ethics and research committee. ResultsA total of N = 249 study subjects participated with the response rate of 241 (96.4%). The mean age (SD±) of respondents' was 29.9 ± 7.2. About two-third of 146 (60%) nurses had poor knowledge of nursing process implementation. Three fourth 180 (74.7%) of nurses were implementing the nursing process. Nurses with sufficient information to NP were 2.45, nurses who have adequate skills to NP were 2.43, and nurses who have good knowledge were 2.24 times more likely to implement the nursing process than the opposite. No enough motivation to use NP 137 (56.8%), no follow-up by authority 141 (58.5%), no enough time for applying NP 145 (60.2%), no specific training for applying NP 173 (71.8%) and shortage of nurse staffs for nursing NP implementation 187 (77.6%) are also factors which affects nursing process implementation. ConclusionBased on this study only three fourth of the nurses were implementing the nursing process. For poor and non-implementation of nursing process different hindering factors were identified. Such as; shortage of time, lack of training, lack of knowledge, unrecognized by authority, no enough motivation, lack of cooperation b/n professionals, engaging in other manual tasks and unrelated tasks, unclear and poor job descriptions, work overload and poor payment for the profession were the major barriers for NP implementation. Therefore, there need to be strengthen national policy frameworks and interventions aimed at improving nursing process training and implementationin in the clinical settings.

Prevalence and factors related to obesity and fast food consumption among Mutah University students, Jordan.

To identify the prevalence and factors related to obesity and fast food consumption among university students. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Mutah University, Al-Karak governorate in southern Jordan, from January to April, 2019, and comprised students recruited from different faculties. Data was collected using a structured, validated questionnaire. Height and weight were measured for body mass index calculation. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Of the 503 students, 278(55.3%) were females. The overall mean age of the sample was 21.62±2.22 years (range: 19-39 years). Fast food consumption was ≥2 times/week for 299(59.4%) students. The prevalence was significantly higher among students spending ≥21 Jordanian dinar per week (p=0.020) and those who were not performing physical exercise (p=0.025). Significant correlations were found between fast food consumption and fried potato (p<0.001), processed meat products (p<0.001), coffee (p=0.006) and candies (p=0.039). No significant relation was found between fast food consumption and body mass index, religion, gender, field of study or living away from family (p>0.05). The most common reason for consumption was shortage of time 115(38.5%); lunch time was the most preferred time 210(70.2%); 97(32.4%) students were willing to read the nutrient information; and 211(70.5%) were interested in choosing healthy meals. The prevalence of fast food consumption among university students was found to be high.

Effects of high ignition energy on lean combustion characteristics of natural gas using an optical engine with a high compression ratio

Natural gas engines often suffer from slow-burning rate and large cyclic variations, which significantly affects engine performance and thermal efficiency. In this study, using an optical spark-ignition engine with a high compression ratio, the role of high ignition energy in lean combustion characteristics of natural gas was investigated. Synchronization measurement of in-cylinder pressure and visualization images were performed to analyze the correlations of engine performance and combustion characteristics. The results show that elevating ignition energy can improve combustion instability and thermal efficiency, manifesting more concentrated heat release and greater influences on the combustion duration from 10% to 50% in burned mass fraction than that of 50%–90% range. The combustion visualizations show that ignition energy mainly affects initial flame kernel formation and early flame development, and improved flame speed and combustion instability can be observed even when excess air coefficient reaches 1.4 at sufficiently high ignition energy. Furthermore, an empirical criterion based on burned mass fraction and combustion visualizations was adopted to quantify early flame development. The shortage of ignition delay time and the acceleration of initial flame propagation are observed with the increases of ignition energy, which leads to lower cyclic variations and a faster burning rate at the early combustion stage.

Evaluation of the Impact of Short-Term Aging on Volumetric and Marshall Properties of Palm Oil Clinker Fine Modified Asphalt Concrete (POCF-MAC)

Disposal of palm oil mill waste material has become a significant factor impacting the environmental situation. Among the palm-oil waste the Palm Oil clinker (POC) is usually discarded in the landfill with no economic use. The use of waste materials as modifiers for bitumen mixtures is one of the better alternatives. For this study, the impact of short-term aging on Palm oil clinker fine (POCF) modified asphaltic mixtures was investigated. The POC chunks were initially grounded and sieved through the British standard (BS) 0.075 mm sieve to obtain the POCF that can be utilized as a bitumen modifier at 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of bitumen. In this investigation, 4.9% optimum bitumen content was selected with a 60/70 penetration grade bitumen to investigates the properties of the POCF on the ACW 14 modified asphalt mixture before and after aging. The study implemented a laboratory simulation of short-time aging (S-TA). Volumetric and Marshall properties were evaluated and analysed to compare the unaged and aged samples. Furthermore, the regression model validates significantly (R2 value 0.89-0.99) that variation in the aging condition and POCF content is directly related to the variation in the Marshall and volumetric properties. The investigation shows that the aging condition and POCF content had a significant effect on voids, Marshall stability, and Marshall quotient, as the S-TA sample showed better results compared to unaged this finding was also verified by ANOVA analysis. The research finding indicates that mixtures with POCF-MB have better performance as compared to conventional mix even under S-TA.

Relationships between changes due to COVID-19 pandemic and the depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a prospective follow-up study from pre-COVID-19 Japan

ObjectivesMothers with young children are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of the lifestyle changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the association between such changes and maternal mental health...

Design And Fabrication Of Semi-Automated Facsimile Stamping Machine

The main objective of this paper is to reduce the timing of higher officials to sign in large number of same documents. Manual signing of documents adds time shortage in Public Work Department. Moreover, the manual process is time consuming and not suitable for signing a greater number of documents. The proposed model involves the arrangement of documents, positioning of facsimile, stamping the facsimile and take out the printed documents to distribute station. Thus, this model signs a greater number of documents within a short time. Pneumatic power is fruitfully utilized in this paper and the system is controlled by an Arduino controller. Positioning of facsimile is done by the lead screw arrangement with the help of sensors. The finished documents are then sucked by vacuum cup and taken out simultaneously. Our real time implementation helps them in unveiling such condition. The paper consists of two sections namely mechanical section and control section. The control section consists of Arduino controller and Relays. Arduino controller is used to control the DC motor and the relays are used to actuate the mechanical sections. The mechanical section consists of lead screw arrangement, pneumatic piston, suction cup and facsimile.

Transport parameters and models of physical aging of additive polytricyclononene with SiMe3 groups

Using barometric technique, gas permeation parameters (permeability (P), diffusion (D) and solubility (S) coefficients) were determined in glassy, amorphous addition poly(3,4-bis-trimethylsilyl)-tricyclononene) (PTCNSi2). It was shown that high permeability of this polymer is caused by great values of the D and S parameters. Aging process of PTCNSi2 was investigated first by estimating the P, D, and S parameters of nitrogen at relatively short aging times and then by determination of the same parameters for different gases for longer times. Analysis of the kinetics of aging indicated that exponential model of aging gives a somewhat better fit of the experimental data than an alternative power model at shorter aging times, while for longer times the analysis is in favor of the power model.

H-phase precipitation and its effects on martensitic transformation in NiTi-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys

Precipitate microstructure in the B2 parent phase is known to have profound impacts on the properties of NiTi-based high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs), including the martensitic transformation (MT) start temperature Ms, temperature- and stress-hysteresis, work output, dimensional stability and functional fatigue resistance. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms and hence to optimize aging heat treatments to achieve desired properties, we systematically investigate both the mechanical and chemical effects associated with nanoscale coherent precipitates on the behavior of MT. Using NiTi-Hf HTSMA as an example, we first study the equilibrium shape and stress and strain fields of an H-phase precipitate as a function of its size. We then determine quantitatively the elastic interaction energy between a precipitate and a nucleating martensitic particle consisting of either a single variant or multiple self-accommodating variants. In the meantime, we calculate the variation of concentration field around an H-phase precipitate during its growth. Finally, we quantify and compare the effects of the spatially inhomogeneous stress and concentration fields around an H-phase precipitate on Ms. The results indicate that the former is the dominant factor for long aging times while latter is the dominant factor for short aging times. Since the model predicts Ms as a function of aging temperature and time, it can aid the design of aging heat treatment schedule to achieve desired Ms.