Development Of Shopping Malls Research Articles

Observation scale of space value for measuring successful shopping malls, a case study in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Establishing the value of retail space is the key to the success of shopping malls. The research in this field attracts attention, where the rented spaces have the same value to create the highest profit for tenants and shopping mall owners while providing convenience for visitors. The aim of this research is to verify the factors that form space value using scoring techniques on shopping malls in Indonesia. This research method uses triangulation with sequential and simultaneous approaches. Qualitative uses observational case studies followed by quantitative through assessment scales confirmed by expert practitioners shopping mall development. Jakarta and Surabaya were chosen as research areas with the highest population levels and the most shopping malls in Indonesia. The results show that three factors form space value: spatial layout, accessibility of space, and visitor visibility. Shopping malls in Indonesia are more dominated by one of the space value factors, while other factors are not so highlighted. These findings produce a scoring technique that can be used as an evaluation tool for implementing space value in shopping malls and pave the way for researchers interested in the retail property sector regarding strategic retail space planning, especially shopping mall development in developing countries.

Lifestyle centers, the next boom and bust after shopping malls? Governance, public-private partnerships, and Guy Debord's spectacle in Dallas-Fort Worth

The boom and bust cycle of shopping malls has had profound repercussions for U.S. cities. Now, lifestyle centers are ascending, and this latest form of retail development is more costly than the development of classic suburban-style shopping malls. Concerns regarding the sustainability of lifestyle centers are highlighted in this article, which is a critical political economic assessment of how the emergence of lifestyle centers and the boom and bust cycle of shopping malls diverge and converge. This article uses qualitative methods in a case study of shopping malls and lifestyle centers in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) metropolitan region, onboarding a political economic understanding of creative destruction, neoliberal governance strategies, and drawing on Guy Debord's notion of ‘the society of the spectacle.’ It is concluded that the boom and bust cycle of retail development is part of the continual production and degradation of spectacle-(re)enforcing built environments within advanced capitalism, and that stopping boom and bust retail trends requires a radical reorientation of planning, design, and policy-making toward new spatial ideologies informed by truly participatory community engagement.

The Impact of Transit-Oriented Shopping Mall Developments (TOSMDs) on Metro Station Ridership: Dubai Metro Redline

Transit-oriented shopping mall development (TOSMD) is a novel concept in urban planning practice. The array of TOSMD attractiveness factors is not currently included in the forecasting models for station ridership. As a result, a station near a TOSMD can reach its capacity because its design and development didn't take into account TOSMD, while TOSMD contributes passenger flow to the station. Depending on the setting, the number of visiting tourists could exacerbate this problem. Therefore, this study aims to empirically identify the critical TOSMD attractiveness factors and clarify their impact in terms of shopper passengers contributing to the ridership at stations near TOSMDs in the case of the Dubai Metro Redline. A sample of 700 shopper passengers were surveyed at seven stations near TOSMDs. We used principal component analysis with confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling to explain the impact of TOSMD attractiveness on shopper passenger ridership at stations near TOSMDs. Eleven independent TOSMD attractiveness factors were found to be associated with the extent of shopper passengers’ intention to use a station near a TOSMD. Resident and tourist shopper passengers showed variability in the factors impacting their use of stations near TOSMDs. The study assists in empirically validating the impact of TOSMD attractiveness on ridership at stations near TOSMDs, as a means of increasing the economic sustainability of transit networks. It provides statistically fit models for clarifying the generated resident and tourist shopper passenger ridership contributing to a station ridership as a result of its nearby TOSMDs. For a more comprehensive analysis, future studies could be repeated for transit networks in other cities.

Displacement Effect on Local Traders by Emerging Markets: Durban Townships

The propounded omnipresent of township malls and aggressive suppliers’ expansion into the emerging markets epitomises the greater potential to create jobs and improve the economic transformation. However, it is important to note that these developments could trammel local traders’ economic prosperity than abrupt veracity of growth and symbiotic trajectory. While the encroachment of mainstream retailers into South African township markets offers business opportunities and economies of scope to consumers. The objectives which underpinned this study: to explore local township traders’ perceptions on the displacement effects from shared value-creation in emerging markets; and to establish the extent of the transformation of retail enterprise development and the displacement of local traders. The study used quantitative methods to analyse the data collected from 301 respondents to amass primary data. The study found that, while local traders appreciate the transformation and development of the townships brought about by shopping mall development, their businesses have been displaced by the emergence of township malls.

복합쇼핑몰 개발을 위한 매장규모 및 임대차 관점에 따른 임차인 입점결정요인에 관한 연구

본 연구는 국내 복합쇼핑몰의 임차인 입점을 결정하는 요인에 대한 분석을 위해 SPA브랜드를 대상으로 2개의 상위기준에 따른 6개의 중위기준으로 구분되는 24개 요인을 도출하였다. 이를 AHP-Fuzzy기법을 기반으로 매장규모 및 임대차 관점에 따른 요인별 중요도를 도출한 결과, 공통적으로 '상권규모 및 특성', '유동량', 'MD계획' 등의 중요도가 높게 나타났다. 규모별로 대형은 '매장크기', 'Main층 입점여부', 중형은 '키테넌트 입점여부', '경쟁브랜드 입점여부', 소형은 '주동선 접속유무', 'Main층 입점여부'가 중요하게 나타났으며, 임대차 관점에 있어서는 개발자는 '교통의 편리성/접근성'과 '연면적', 테넌트는 '키테넌트 입점여부'와 'Main층 입점여부'가 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 기반으로 복합쇼핑몰 개발사업의 기획단계에서 사업규모에 맞는 적정면적배분 및 특성이 사업계획과 설계 및 시설의 운영을 위한 임대차관리에 반영되어 차별성을 가지는 임차인 유치전략 수립에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. This study intends to determine the decision making criteria of leasing in mix-used shopping mall, analyze the variation of their weight by store size inside mall and lend-lease perspective for lessor and lessee towards the identification of optimal leasing environment in mix-used shopping mall development. The decision making have been identified based on the number of prior literature review and expert consultation. And the AHP methodology and Fuzzy theory have been implemented to develop the weight for criteria based on experts survey. Research finding indicates that the 2 categories with 6 criteria and 24 sub-criteria have been determined. It is noteworthy that the large sized group would be located in both ends on main floor with their requested store size; middle sized group done over second floor with low rent by attracting with both competitive brands and key-tenants; small sized group done in both ends on main floor or on 2 to 3 floor connecting to main circulation. This should be examined in the planning stage of SPA lessee solicitation by the lessor in mix-used shopping mall development project.

Shopping malls and neoliberal trends in Southern European cities: post-metropolitan challenges for urban planning policy

<p>Whilst shopping malls have been explored at length by critical urban studies, there has been little exploration of their role in restructuring the practice of urban and spatial planning. This article uses the shopping mall as an object of study in the light of the neoliberal trends and post-metropolisation in Southern Europe, with the aim of exploring challenges for urban governance and planning practice and with a focus on the role of the ongoing economic crisis. A threefold exploratory framework – the ‘lost-in-time scenario’, the ‘messianic mall model’ and the ‘(im)mature planning explanation’ – is used to make sense of the local versions of shopping mall development in Lisbon (Portugal) and Palermo (Southern Italy). According to findings, we highlight the clash between the multi-scalar nature of shopping malls and the dominance of the municipal scale in regulatory planning frameworks, and the risk that shopping mall development (at least in Southern Europe) may replicate uneven development patterns, reproducing the pre-conditions of the crisis without helping to overcome it.<strong></strong></p>

복합쇼핑몰 개발과정에서 각 사업단계간의 관련성 분석

본 연구는 복합쇼핑몰 개발에 있어서 각 사업단계(사업기획단계, 분양준공단계, 관리운영단계)들이 개발사업의 전체적 관점에서 일관성 있는 최종 목적을 위해 그 연관관계가 목적달성에 적합하게 이루어지고 있는가에 대한 실태 분석을 목적으로 구조방정식모형을 이용하여 검정하였다. 분석결과 사업기획단계가 분양준공단계에 양의 영향을 미쳐, 성공적 준공 및 분양을 위해서는 사업기획이 충실히 준비되어야함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 사업기획단계와 관리운영단계 및 성공정도, 분양준공단계와 관리운영단계 및 성공정도, 관리운영단계와 성공정도 간에는 유의수준 0.05하에서 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 나타내지 않아서 우리나라 복합쇼핑몰 개발에서의 각 사업단계들이 프로젝트 전체적인 관점에서 일관성 있는 목표달성을 위해 긴밀히 연관되지 못하고 각 단계 자체만의 수익창출을 위해 근시안적으로 업무가 수행되고 있다는 점을 보여주었다. In the process of complex shopping mall development, all the steps (business planning step, pre-sale & completion step, management & operations step) head towards a consistent ultimate goal in an overall business perspective. In this study, we analyze using a structural equation model if an appropriate relations between each of the steps are formed to achieve the ultimate goal. In this study, we find a positive relationship between business planning step and pre-sale & completion step, and also find that for success pre-sale & completion, a faithful business plan is necessary. But we find no statistically significant relationship under significant level 0.05 among business planning step and management & operations step and the level of success, pre-sale & completion step and management & operations step and the level of success, management & operations step and the level of success. This suggests that each of the steps does not form a close relationship to achieve the consistent goal in the complex shopping mall development and each one is doing a short-sighted work for its own profit.

Written testimony, oral history and retail environments

Purpose – This paper aims to join a growing movement in marketing history to include the voices of consumers in historical research on retail environments. It aims to show that consumer perspectives offer new insights to the emergence and reception of large-scale, pre-planned shopping centers in Australia during the 1960s, and allow one to write a history of this retail form from below, in contrast to the top-down approach that is characteristic of the broader literature on shopping mall development. Design/methodology/approach – Written testimonies by consumers were gathered using a qualitative online questionnaire. The methodology is related to oral history, in that it seeks to capture the subjective experiences of participants, has the capacity to create new archives, to fill or explain gaps in existing repositories and provide a voice to those frequently lost to the historical record. Findings – The written testimonies gathered for this project provide an important contribution to the understanding of shopping centers in Australia and, particularly Sydney, during the 1960s, the ways that they were envisaged and used and insights into their reception and success. Research limitations/implications – As with oral history, written testimony has limitations as a methodology due to its reliance on memory, requiring both sophisticated and cautious readings of the data. Originality/value – The methodology used in this paper is unique in this context and provides new understandings of Australian retail property development. For current marketers, the historically constituted relationship between people and place offers potential for community targeted promotional campaigns.

The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers

The retail sector forms a critical element of a community’s economic and social welfare. It provides people with choices and services. These choices were until recently very limited in township areas. The pre-1994 retail landscape was dominated by small, often informal businesses offering basic household necessities to relatively low income earners. This has resulted in township residents’ preference to shop outside townships, known as ‘outshopping’. Rapid income growth of township residents since 1994 resulted in a substantial increase in consumer expenditure in these areas, known as ‘in-bound shopping’. This lucrative emerging market forms the last retail frontier in South Africa and is being explored by national retailers, especially supermarket chains. This article is aimed at establishing the impact of shopping mall development in townships on the traditional small township retailers including spaza/tuck shops. The net balance sheet on the impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers clearly suggests a decline in the township retailers’ market share. A change in small business model towards, inter alia, effective customer service with a small dedicated assortment of merchandise, satisfaction of emergency needs, selling in small units and extension of credit facilities may result in the survival of some small township retailers (albeit often at a smaller turnover).

Review on the Development of Underground Shopping Mall in China

On the recent National Congress, a hot topic on the commercial real estate is how to develop underground shopping mall. Underground shopping mall investment had the characteristic of great invest, high level of risk and high profit, It has already become a new popular investment spot. China’s underground shopping mall has gradually transformed from one with a very high degree of government intervention into a more market system. Lack of effective planning and a transparent approval mechanism has led to high vacancy rate in many underground shopping centers. In order to make better use of underground space of shopping, the reform of underground shopping mall investment and operation framework is necessary. The government should change its role in managing investment rather than be Project Company. Government should establish the appropriate monitoring mechanisms to strengthen environmental management and ecological security, including creating a regulated market environment. Key word : Present Status; Development Pattern; Sustainable Management; Underground Shopping Malls; China

Appraisal of China’s Urban Underground Shopping Malls Based on Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Along with the process of large scale and fast urbanization in China, development and utilization underground shopping mall in China has become a hot issue. In the past 30 years, the development scale of China’s urban underground shopping malls is very huge. Appraisal of China’s urban underground shopping malls based on data envelopment analysis model, we found that the majority underground shopping mall which has opened were not ideal, and some are even to be closed or reorganized. China’s underground shopping mall has gradually transformed from one with a very high degree of government intervention into a more market system. Lack of experience in underground shopping mall development and management has lead to high vacancy rate in many underground shopping centers. Key words: Underground shopping malls; Data envelopment analysis; Present status; China

A Strategic Planning For A CollegeStudent-Segment Shopping Mall

In the midst of shopping mall development today, an understanding of consumer behaviors and preferences is absolutely a must if we want to plan successfuly a shopping mall. This knowledge will provide input for strategic planning so that the concept offered for shopping mall development will meet the consumers’ demand and may win the market competition. This study explores the preferences of students in Bandung as one of the potential market segments of the shopping mall. Qualitative study was conducted to find out the reasons why students choose a particular shopping mall as their favorite place. It was found that the accessibility and design of the malls are important as they enhance student preferences. In addition facilities in a shopping mall which mainly attract college students segment are entertainment facilities and eating counters. DOI : https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.4.2.157-169 Keywords: Shopping Mall, Students, Preferences, Spatial Physical Characteristics, Activity

Evaluating development and community benefits of shopping malls

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the real estate development and community interaction aspects of US shopping malls. The existing research on shopping mall development and redevelopment can more comprehensively address the importance of malls to the communities in which they are located. Existing shopping mall research focuses on lease valuation, tenant location, retail agglomeration economies, retail demand externalities and intangible asset value. Largely, neglected areas of research are the community and economic contributions of shopping malls. These are critical issues given the age of shopping malls worldwide, the need for adjacent area redevelopment and requirement of large public subsidies for infrastructure construction.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates the critical role of shopping malls as town centres and catalysts for area development and redevelopment. A review of the existing research on shopping malls and retail economic contributions to communities is addressed along with how mall redevelopment can be a catalyst for the revitalization of urban core and suburban areas. Methodology on the measurement of shopping centre economic and employment impacts using input/output (IO) modelling is reviewed and analysed.FindingsIO modelling is an effective tool to evaluate publically supported infrastructure to accompany shopping mall and retail redevelopment. As an example of an IO analysis of construction and mall operations economic impacts, the paper presents a case study of the proposed $2 billion Mall of America (Bloomington, Minnesota) expansion employing IO modelling.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the community benefits and economic justification for public support for mall revitalization and provides a reliable analytical tool for quantifying the benefits of mall redevelopment to the community.

A Strategic Planning for a College Student-Segment Shopping Mall

In the midst of shopping mall development today, an understanding of consumer behaviors and preferences is absolutely a must if we want to plan successfuly a shopping mall. This knowledge will provide input for strategic planning so that the concept offered for shopping mall development will meet the consumers’ demand and may win the market competition. This study explores the preferences of students in Bandung as one of the potential market segments of the shopping mall. Qualitative study was conducted to find out the reasons why students choose a particular shopping mall as their favorite place. It was found that the accessibility and design of the malls are important as they enhance student preferences. In addition facilities in a shopping mall which mainly attract college students segment are entertainment facilities and eating counters.

A Waste of Space: Bodies, Time and Urban Renewal

A Waste of Space: Bodies, Time and Urban Renewal

Commodification of utopia: The lotus eaters revisited

This article responds to recent lamentations about the waning of utopia. Through an explanation of different concepts of utopia and an analysis of a recent shopping mall development project, the article shows how utopia has been appropriated by commercial actors. Drawing on the work of Herbert Marcuse and Giorgio Agamben and with the help of the Homeric allegory of the lotus eaters and contemporary popular culture, the article analyzes this state of affairs. It argues that an important part of the perceived decline of utopia is due to its commodification and that utopia, with the potential of being a ‘means without end’, is in need of what Agamben calls ‘profanation.’

온라인 판매 브래지어 사이즈의 적합성 분석

The spread of internet brought the rapid development of on-line shopping mall, but the information of clothing-related products especially underwears in on-line shopping mall is still poor. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the dimension status and problems of brassieres selling at on-line shopping malls and suggest improving solutions. We surveyed the sales sizes and sales status of brassieres for four top-sales on-line malls and analyzed them based on both of Korean Standards and SizeKorea2005, the measurement data of Korean women`s sizes. The results showed that almost of brassieres were for adults(98.8%), and for general purpose(97.8%) while the sales rates of specially targeted products for teen-ager or functional products for nursing mom were very low. Also, we noticed that Korean Standards covers most of SizeKorea measurements of women, but brassieres of only a small portion of size in Korean Standards were manufactured and sold at on-line shopping mall. It means that consumers who do not belong to the sector of most frequent body measurement range suffer difficulties in purchase of brassieres by on-line shopping. Thus, it is required to gather more accurate information about body size of potential consumers and to offer wider range of sizes and target-specific products for the activation of on-line shopping.

Policy and Planning for Changing Informal Retailing in South Africa

Informal retailing is a major challenge to policy-makers in South Africa. The two key methods of informal trading – street trading and home-based retailing – are impacted by changing patterns of formal retailing, especially by the trend for shopping mall development in township areas. This article provides an overview of the signifi cance of informal retailing and of its multiple challenges for South African policy-makers. Africa Insight Vol. 37 (4) 2008 pp. 230-247

New Trends of Suburbanization in Beijing since 1990: From Government-led to Market-oriented

Feng J., Zhou Y. and Wu F. New trends of suburbanization in Beijing since 1990: from government-led to market-oriented, Regional Studies. Since the 1990s suburbanization has been continuing in China along with the deepening of market transition. The process of suburbanization has gone beyond purely government-initiated relocation of households and polluting industries. Based on the newest population census, this paper identifies some major new trends of suburbanization in Beijing. The new round of suburbanization has been driven by the construction of suburban villas and affordable housing, rising private car ownership, the decentralization of industry, and the development of large suburban shopping malls and retail parks. Passively relocated households are no longer the dominant source of suburbanization. Suburbanization in Beijing has evolved into a new stage of more market-oriented development in the suburbs. Feng J., Zhou Y. et Wu F. Nouvelles tendances de la suburbanisation à Beijing (Pékin) depuis 1990: du dirigisme gouvernemental à l'economie de marché, Regional Studies. Depuis les années 1990, la suburbanisation se poursuit en Chine parallèlement à l'intensification de la transition vers l'économie de marché. Le processus de suburbanisation a dépassé le simple déménagement des ménages et des industries polluantes à l'initiative unilatérale du gouvernement. Sur la base du tout dernier recensement de la population, cet article identifie plusieurs nouvelles tendances importantes de la suburbanisation à Beijing. Ce nouveau cycle de suburbanisation a pour moteur la construction de villas et de logements abordables en zones suburbaines, la possession en hausse de voitures particulières, la décentralisation de l'industrie, et le développement de galeries marchandes et de centres commerciaux suburbains de grande taille. Les ménages déplacés passivement ne constituent plus la source dominante de la suburbanisation. La suburbanisation à Beijing est passée à un nouveau stade de développement dans les banlieues, plus orienté vers l'économie de marché. Suburbanisation Recensement de population Beijing Chine Feng J., Zhou Y. und Wu F. Neue Trends der Suburbanisierung in Peking seit den neunziger Jahren: von staatlich gelenkt zu marktorientiert, Regional Studies. Seit den neunziger Jahren hat sich die Suburbanisierung in China gemeinsam mit der Vertiefung des Marktübergangs fortgesetzt. Der Prozess der Suburbanisierung ist über eine rein staatlich initiierte Umsiedelung von Haushalten und verschmutzenden Industrien hinausgegangen. In diesem Aufsatz identifizieren wir anhand der neuesten Volkszählungsdaten einige wichtige neue Trends der Suburbanisierung in Peking. Die neue Runde der Suburbanisierung wurde durch den Bau von Vorstadtvillen und erschwinglichen Wohnungen, die zunehmende Zahl von Autos im Privatbesitz, die Dezentralisierung der Industrie sowie die Entwicklung großer Einkaufszentren und Einzelhandelsparks in Vorstadtgebieten vorangetrieben. Passiv umgesiedelte Haushalte sind nicht mehr die dominante Quelle der Suburbanisierung. Die Suburbanisierung in Peking ist in eine neue Phase einer stärker am Markt orientierten Entwicklung in den Vorstädten übergegangen. Suburbanisierung Volkszählung Peking China Feng J., Zhou Y. y Wu F. Nuevas tendencias en la suburbanización en Pekín desde 1990: de dirección estatal a orientación mercantil, Regional Studies. Desde la década de los noventa, ha continuado la suburbanización en China junto con la intensificación de la transición del mercado. El proceso de suburbanización ha ido más allá de la reubicación meramente iniciada por el gobierno de las viviendas y las industrias contaminantes. Basándonos en el censo de población más reciente, en este artículo identificamos algunas de las principales nuevas tendencias de suburbanización en Pekín. El nuevo ciclo de suburbanización ha sido impulsado por la construcción de residencias suburbanas y viviendas asequibles, un mayor número de propietarios de automóviles privados, la descentralización de la industria y el desarrollo de grandes centros comerciales y parques minoristas suburbanos. La reubicación pasiva de las viviendas ya no es la fuente dominante de la suburbanización. La suburbanización en Pekín ha progresado en una nueva fase de desarrollo más orientado hacia el mercado en los suburbios. Suburbanización Censo de población Pekín China

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)CBL & Associates Properties is a self‐managed, self‐administered real estate investment trust engaged in the ownership, development, acquisition, leasing, management and operation of regional shopping malls and community centers. At Dec 31 2006, Co.'s shopping center properties were located in 27 states, mainly in the southeastern and midwestern U.S. Also, as of Dec 31 2006, Co. owned controlling interests in 72 regional malls (including open‐air centers), 27 associated centers (each adjacent to a regional mall), four community centers, as well as non‐controlling interests in seven regional malls, four associated centers and one community center.