Shopping Center Research Articles

Dissecting the visiting willingness of driving visitors facing a retail market's dual-pricing policy for parking

This study explores the significant elements in driving visitors’ mind while their willingness to visit (WTV) is formed and affected by the dual-pricing policy announced by a retail market. The aim is to investigate the upper (maximally durable) and lower (minimally suggestible) bounds of the hourly parking fee rate (p) and the minimum spending in the marketplace required to receive an hour of free parking (s). Additionally, the perceived importance of p in relation to s (represented by z*) is examined, as both p and s have a “cost price” to visitors who drive and can impact their WTV. The proposed hybrid approach incorporates popular methods such as revealed/stated-preference survey, complete case study, multiple linear regression, simultaneous equation system, and several approaches for model verification. A truth-lossless questionnaire design is implemented to augment the sample, and several interesting findings are obtained from a shopping center empirically based on the survey results, e.g., z* has an approximate ratio of 4:1 in the cultural area investigated. Further insights and implications are justified in terms of transportation pricing, operations management, and consumer psychology. For instance, several market-segmentation strategies are suggested for managing certain consumer groups using either pricing measure or both, and the accurate parameters investigated, estimated or inferred also allow establishing a grounded WTV function for decision-making. These ensure the delivery of satisfactory and profitable parking services for the retail industry.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТОРГОВЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article studies the development of shopping centers from marketplaces to the mall formats of the future. The author notes that trade as a phenomenon has existed since ancient times, over time the formats of shopping places have experienced significant changes, from small markets to complex shopping centers, adapting to changes in society and technology. The historical development of shopping centers is described, from the agoras of ancient Greece to modern shopping complexes, whose emergence was triggered by the industrial revolution and the development of automobile transportation. 
 The article also discusses the impact of internet shopping and the pandemic on classic shopping centers, highlighting the shift in consumer preferences towards online shopping and the need for shopping centers to adapt to the new conditions. The author offers reflections on the future of shopping centers, their potential evolution into socio-cultural and entertainment spaces capable of offering visitors a unique experience not available with online shopping. The analysis emphasizes the importance of innovation and flexibility in mall management for malls to continue to thrive in a changing world.

Analysis of the influencing factors of vitality and built environment of shopping centers based on mobile-phone signaling data.

Nowadays, shopping centers not only provides commercial function but also serve as a public space. In this article, we take Nanshan district of Shenzhen as an example, based on the characteristics information of people activities provided by Mobile-phone Signaling Data, using the standard deviation ellipse method to classify the direction of people in shopping centers, and then applying the entropy weighting method to analyze the vitality factors of shopping centers from three perspectives: visitors' density, revisit rate, and the average length of stay. Finally, we analyzed the influence factors of the surrounding built environment based on correlation analysis to discuss the results with field survey data. The results show that (1) shopping centers in Nanshan District are classified into wide-area type and geo-regional type according to the gathering of visitors. The shopping centers with high comprehensive vitality are basically wide-area type. (2) The factors influencing the vitality of shopping centers are different between wide-area type and geo-regional type. The vitality of wide-area type is mainly influenced by the traffic accessibility and whether they are located in adjacent to large public spaces such as squares and green public; the vitality of geo-regional type shopping centers is mainly influenced by the number of people within a 15-minute walking circle, and the high-vitality of geo-regional shopping centers are generally located in densely populated areas.

Women entrepreneurs and government neglect in the face of Covid-19: resilience of social cadets through online commercial innovation

One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system. The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS RUANG PARKIR OFF STREET DI PLAZA ASIA KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Plaza Asia is located on Jalan HZ Mustofa No. 326 Tugujaya, Cihideung District, Tasikmalaya City is a shopping center that offers a variety of shops and outlets. Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya has several off street parking lots, including the main parking lot for motorcycles and the building's main parking lot for cars. During peak hours, it is seen that the main parking lot for motorcycles and building parking lots often exceed the capacity they should, so it is necessary to analyze the availability of the main parking lot for motorcycles and the main parking lot for cars in Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya. The method used in this study is the observation method. The observation method is carried out by means of direct surveys in the field. Primary data Primary data is data obtained from the results of field surveys, including parking accumulation, parking volume, and parking duration. The secondary data is the Plaza Asia Plan of Tasikmalaya City. Based on data analysis and discussions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the capacity of Plaza Asia Tasikmalaya off-street parking spaces has a land area of 1,441,125 for motorcycles and 3,016.45 for cars. The volume of motorcycle parking is 2482 vehicles and cars are 1294 vehicles. The accumulated parking lot of motorcycles was 1,073 vehicles and cars were 306 vehicles. The duration of parking motorbikes is 552 minutes and cars are 484 minutes. The largest parking index for motorcycles was 182.48% and cars was 100.33%. The static capacity of off street parking spaces in Plaza Asia Kota Tasikmalaya resulted in the number of motorbike parking of 588 SRP and cars of 305 SRP. And for dynamic capacity obtained by direct survey to the field, the largest dynamic capacity of motorcycles occurred on Tuesday at 3918.54 and the smallest on Saturday at 2991.81. The largest dynamic capacity of the car occurred on Tuesday at 2488.17 and the smallest occurred on Sunday at 1631.87. Based on the conclusions obtained from the analysis above, it is necessary to optimize parking spaces on weekdays and weekends. And installed traffic signs are prohibited from parking on the road body along the Plaza Asia area of Tasikmalaya City.

Revolutionizing mobility: a comprehensive review of electric vehicles charging stations in India

An Electric Vehicle (EV) charger or Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is a piece of equipment that supplies electrical power for charging plug–in electric vehicles. Although batteries can only be charged with Direct Current (DC) power, most electric vehicles have an onboard Alternative Current AC—to—DC converter and most fully electric cars can accept both AC and DC power. The adoption of EVs can bring about significant relief in noise pollution and also environmental pollution if the required electricity is generated using renewable sources. DC charging stations of various levels are commonly equipped with multiple ports of various levels to be able to charge a wide variety of EVs. EVSEs are found at various facilities such as street–side or retail shopping centers, government facilities, and other parking areas. To ensure a sustainable environment by reducing the carbon emissions from vehicles, the use of EVs needs to be promoted. The need for having Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) in any region depends upon the demand and cluster density of EVs in that region and is a major factor in the process of promoting the use of EVs and facilitating sustainable tourism using cleaner fuels. The authors of this study have located the various types and numbers of EVSEs throughout all the states and union territories of India, showing the emerging use of EVs so that EV users can conveniently locate charging stations and plan their routes accordingly. Furthermore, other citizens may be encouraged to own and use EVs for better environmental sustainability.

How urban shopping malls in Tehran have changed in the post‐COVID era

In many major cities, significant financial and physical capital has been spent constructing shopping centers. The high profitability of commercial construction has led many developers to build large luxury shopping malls. Adding amenities, such as cinemas, cafes, restaurants, food courts, amusement parks, galleries, and exhibitions, to these malls has increased their attractiveness. The COVID‐19 pandemic—which began in China in December 2019 before spreading worldwide—affected many areas of life, including people's shopping habits, especially in metropolitan areas. At the start of the pandemic, people were exhorted to maintain a social distance of 1.5 meters and avoid crowded environments as much as ppossible. These health guidelines resulted in the relatively long closure of shopping malls in cities. This study aims to investigate changes to people's shopping habits. It focuses on malls in Tehran and how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted different groups of people's habits, as a way of understanding future use and development of urban areas. The required data were collected via a survey conducted in 2021 wherein 1,071 responses from different regions in Tehran were gathered and analyzed using descriptive analysis methods.

Fire risk assessment of Kashan's commercial and shopping centers using fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME)

AbstractCommercial buildings are considered as high‐risk units in fire due to the existence of expensive equipment and large presence of people with different ages. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the fire risk of commercial and shopping centers in Kashan using the fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME). This cross‐sectional study was conducted using FRAME in 15 commercial and shopping centers in Kashan, Iran. The risk assessment data and FRAME checklist were collected by observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Excel and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The results of 46 checklists showed that the mean score of fire risk R for property was equal to 3.12, for people 3.81 and for activities 1.86. Also, the lowest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Golestan Center with a score of 1.40, Valiasr with a score of 1.25 and Ataee with a score of 1.15, and the highest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Mir Seyfi Center with a score of 5.80, Shafagh with a score of 9.96 and Sabz was 2.62, respectively. The present study showed the lack of proper ventilation system, lack of emergency exits, and lack of automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system were the factors affecting fire risk. Therefore, in order to prevent disasters and uncontrollable critical conditions, it is necessary to review the equipment of these buildings and to design and implement fire detection and alarm equipment and different ways of fire control in these centers.

Sistem Pemantauan Cerdas Berbasis Internet of Things pada Pusat Perbelanjaan

Shopping centers in Indonesia are faced with the problem of corona virus pandemic. Shopping centers were temporarily closed by the government and experienced a decline in visitors and even income during the pandemic. In order for shopping centers to earn sufficient income, the government provides a policy for shopping centers by limiting the number of visitors, checking temperature using a thermo scanner or thermo gun, and using masks according to health protocol rules. For this reason, an intelligent monitoring system is needed to monitor the density of the number of visitors and check the temperature automatically to prevent transmission of the corona virus from crowded shopping centers. The intelligent monitoring system is realized in miniature using NodeMCU as a microcontroller, web pages as interface pages for shopping center managers in system monitoring, applications as interface pages for managers in monitoring systems and applications as interface pages for the public so they can see the number of visitors and remaining capacity. at a shopping center. The overall test results percentage obtained is 100% and it can be concluded that the intelligent monitoring system can work well.

Enhancing fire safety with Improved Risk Index and BIM in building evacuation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study on building, fire and evacuation, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of building fire evacuation and the management level of fire evacuation site. Make up for the difficulties of BIM technology in effectively connecting building information and fire data.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper establishes a fire model and an evacuation model based on BIM information. Then, the safety index (SI) is introduced as a comprehensive index, and the IRI is established by integrating the SI function to evaluate the safety of evacuation routes. Based on these two indices, the IRI-based fire evacuation model is established.FindingsThis study offers an Improved Risk Index (IRI)-based fire evacuation model, which may achieve effective evacuation in fire scenes. And the model is verified by taking the fire evacuation of a shopping center building as an example.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a fire evacuation principle based on IRI, so that the relevant personnel can comprehensively consider the fire factors and evacuation factors to achieve the optimization of building design, thereby improving the fire safety of buildings.

Geospatial analysis of the territory for solving urban planning problems

The purpose of the study is to conduct a geospatial analysis of the territory, taking into account urban planning characteristics, for the location of a shopping center. The study characterizes the factors that turn cities into diverse and complex forms of settlements that are constantly changing. The process of urban settlement, which is reflected in their space, is analyzed. It is determined that spatial factors lead to differences in the scale and shape of cities, types of development and methods of spatial planning. The necessity of studying the spatial structure of cities, which has the characteristics of a relatively complete theoretical justification and wide coverage, is established. It is determined that the process of spatial development of cities is multidimensional and complex, which is manifested in spatial planning, transformation of many functions and expansion of the territory. The direction of research on the spatial analysis of the selected city territory is determined. Various characteristics of the site are considered, including views, transport links, access and other constraints that may affect the future development of each approach to the shopping center. A spatial analysis of the shopping center location was conducted. This analysis determines the transport accessibility of the shopping center, the accessible distance to residential development, service areas, etc. It also determines which parts of the territory are suitable for a particular type of use. The results are obtained regarding the location of the shopping center in the city. The estimated number of regular visitors to the projected shopping center is determined, provided that the level of its attractiveness is the same as that of its competitors. The increase in the level of attractiveness of the projected shopping center in comparison with competitors is calculated. Based on the results of the geospatial analysis, the stages of design and survey work were developed to draw up a large-scale topographic basis for the development area.

Travel pattern analysis and freight trip generation modeling of textile commodities. Case study: Thamrin City Shopping Center, Jakarta

One of the sectors supporting the country’s economic development is the commercial sector. With the increasing population, the demand for consumer goods will increase, impacting trip generation. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a study to predict the trip generation of freight transport in shopping centers, especially in DKI Jakarta, with textile stores as trip generators. This research aims to determine the travel pattern of freight transport and freight trip generation models produced and attracted at the Thamrin City shopping center and to analyze the factors influencing freight trip generation. The research was conducted using a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional. Data collection used a questionnaire given to 105 merchants. Data analysis used linear regression methods with the number of freight trip production and attraction as the dependent variable. The independent variables used are the number of employees and gross floor area. The study results show that the delivery of goods using expedition services is sent to the distribution center before being sent to the destination. While shipping goods using private vehicles, sent directly to the destination location. The gross floor area significantly influences the trips generation. Transportation planners can use this research to estimate the number of trip generation in shopping center areas in the future.

Liquid air filtration and continuous monitoring: Customized indoor air quality

Air treatment in environmental air conditioning systems exposes the system to gases, contaminants, and often biological pollutants that cannot be solved by traditional mechanical filtration, motivating decision-makers to diagnose challenges and develop innovative strategies to mitigate the problem. More and more, in environments with high turnover of people (e.g., hospitals, hotels and shopping centers), fresh air ventilations are avoided and replaced by closed windows air purifier solutions to account for undesirable saturation of the atmosphere and the presence of pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, nitrogen, and carbon oxides. The consensus is that polluting gases render the most efficient traditional filters ineffective. The ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1 and EN13779 standards reveal the absence of air treatment technologies that use the wet route in air conditioning systems. This work discusses the liquid air multi-venturi centrifugation technology of hydrodynamic precipitator purifiers in association with the synchronized and continuous monitoring of parameters (PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, CO2) in the external urban environment and internal environments of a shopping center. It evaluates the performance of the wet route for the physical-chemical and biological treatment of air. Efficiency for retaining particulate matter in a single step without disposable filter reached levels above F9 (85-95% PM2.5), with a reduction of 82.4% for CO2. Wet route technology extends the air conditioner’s life, reducing external air flows and energy consumption by up to 13%, making IAQ a manageable and customizable variable. Among the conclusion of the investigation, the authors believe that the migration of industrial pollutant control technologies, such as liquid filtration promoted by gas scrubbers and hydrodynamic precipitators, should be considered as a first choice option due to the high efficiency achieved in the three types of pollutants to be controlled. That is micrometric particulate matter such as anthropogenic PM1.0 capable of reaching the lung alveoli, chemicals such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and biological assets such as viruses and bacteria that showed the vulnerability of HVAC-R systems during the COVID pandemic that rendered windowless corporate buildings unusable.

Regspraak: Struikel en val op ongelyke loopvlakke – ’n tydige waarskuwing om katvoet te loop op plaveistene

Our case law is rife with judgments dealing with delictual claims instituted by those who had suffered harm due to a fall on a slippery or an uneven surface. Most of these cases dealt with the question whether the owner or occupier of the area in which the plaintiff sustained injury had failed to take precautions to protect those, who walked over the floors, or along the walkways or roads over which such owner or occupier had control, against potential harm due to a potential danger lurking in the walking surface, such as spilt liquid on a supermarket floor or a hole in a sidewalk. Proving the elements of wrongfulness and negligence have usually been the focal point of a plaintiff’s claim in these cases. Regarding the wrongfulness element, the problematic area of liability for an omission unwaveringly raises its head. Of primary significance in this regard is one of the factors usually considered in establishing whether an omission which does not usually attract liability is in fact actionable, viz control over a dangerous object. In the case under discussion the plaintiff was injured when she tripped and fell on an uneven paved walkway on her way from a parking area at a shopping centre to a shop (Food Lover’s Market (FLM)). She claimed damages from FLM as well as from a trust, the lessee of the shopping mall premises. The court dealt in some detail with the question of the wrongfulness of an omission, concluding that FLM owed the plaintiff no legal duty to keep premises on the outside of its shop in a safe condition. Further regarding the possible liability due to a breach of a legal duty by FLM and the trust, it was found that although the evidence had shown that portions of the paving of walkways in and around the shopping centre were uneven, this did not constitute an unusual dangerous situation to pedestrians and, furthermore, that it cannot be expected that those in control of such walkways should keep them in a permanent pristine condition. The court therefore found no wrongful omissions on the part of the defendants. It also found no negligence on their part. In the course of its treatment of the element of wrongfulness and even (unnecessarily) negligence, the court unfortunately failed in several respects to render a jurisprudentially sound clarification of the nature and application of the relevant principles. In the final analysis the plaintiff failed because she could not adduce sufficient evidence to convince the court to find that the defendants had breached any legal duty owed to her. Had the claim against FLM been allowed, it would have amounted to a significant extension of the duties of property owners and occupiers, leading to unnecessary uncertainty and the possibility of indeterminate liability.

Simulation model calibration for a multi-purpose building on an hourly basis

When developing digital twins for buildings, the calibration of simulation models on an hourly basis is essential to maintain the fidelity of the virtual representation and to enable real-time monitoring and analysis in the operational phase. Achieving such a high accuracy in building performance simulations (BPS) calls for novel calibration strategies with enhanced effectiveness. In this regard, this paper outlines a calibration strategy that makes use of hourly measurements to improve the fidelity of energy simulation models. The proposed approach includes a hierarchical structure involving data acquisition and management, setting unknown weather parameters, sensitivity analysis, calibration of fixed parameters, and hourly calibration of dynamic variables. Here, acquired data from the building’s sensor are refined to enable hourly demand calibration, and an accurate weather data file is gathered. Next, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key fixed parameters for the calibration process. Following the calibration of these fixed parameters, the final level involves the calibration of dynamic variables to achieve a robust hourly agreement between simulated and measured data. The developed strategy is implemented in a multi-purpose building located in the Aalto University campus in Finland. The building is simulated as a simplified five-zone model developed in the whole-building simulation software IDA-ICE, including various educational sections, workshops, a shopping center, and a metro station. Sensors and meters are used to measure the hourly indoor air temperature by zone, whereas the calibration aims at minimizing the difference between measured and simulated heating and cooling energy demands. In conclusion, the proposed calibration strategy appears to be successful in facilitating hourly synchronization between simplified simulation models and multi-purpose buildings.

Peculiarities of the Operation оf Optical Communication in case of emergencies

Today, in connection with the beginning of the full-scale armed invasion of the RF on the territory of Ukraine, questions related to fire safety and stable electricity supply have arisen before our state. It. in turn, led to numerous problems in the communication system. Against this background, after damage to power supply lines and strategic objects, the search and deployment of power supplies independent of the usual supply sources became urgent. After all, under the conditions of emergency and planned power outages, only the presence of such means of power supply as fuel generators and batteries make it possible to provide work and training for a huge number of people. Thanks to the fact that people, without wasting time and wasting energy on unnecessary things and affairs, began to work on the issue that is associated with a sudden or planned power outage for known or not entirely known reasons, work for most people resumed. Autonomous power sources were fuel generators. Small shopping centers and shopping and entertainment centers have installed powerful diesel generators on their premises to power large premises. Some installed one diesel generator on each individual wing. This was done if the room was too large for one diesel generator. Small establishments, for example: cafes, restaurants, bars, pubs, hookah bars, small offices, offices, workshops, etc. installed gasoline generators if the premises were the size of a garage, a three-room apartment with an area of 92 m2 or the size of a small two-story country house with walls 8 meters long each and ceilings up to 2 meters high. Powerful diesel generators were installed in the premises, which were more than 100 m2 in area. Most generators had an automatic start feature. Some generators had an installed automatic start function, and some did not have this function, and therefore had to install this function separately. Telecommunications companies and mobile communication service companies and provider companies that sell and service cable Internet also did not waste time and effort and also installed generators on their territories. Provider companies and mobile communication service companies were the first to decide to install autonomous emergency power supplies in their territories. This was done on purpose, since the equipment that provided and monitored wireless and cable Internet services and mobile communications services was powered by network electricity, and during the absence of network electricity, the equipment obviously stopped working. Because of this, cable Internet and mobile communications were lost, which had a negative impact on some citizens of Ukraine. It had a negative impact on them, since some citizens, as mentioned above, could work or study remotely. Someone lost their job, someone lost their business due to power outages. Also in connection with this, huge accounting gaps appeared. The introduction and use of emergency power helps solve this problem.

Sensory Marketing According to Shopping Centre Customers

Sensory marketing is one of the forms of marketing communication and a method of customer attachment to the brand. It is based on influencing the customer's senses, which is supposed to affect their sensory experience and, as a result, positive recollection of the product's brand. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of shopping mall customers on sensory marketing activities. Two studies were conducted: a survey and an observation study. Both surveys involved young people: customers of shopping malls. It has been shown that young customers are knowledgeable about sensory marketing but often do not notice how it works at purchasing points. The respondents concluded that, in such a situation, sensory stimuli influence the choice of product, but not necessarily people's attachment to the brand. The stimuli used in audio and aroma marketing have a positive impact on customers but sometimes they are also perceived negatively. The research shows that you need to monitor your target customer groups and adjust sensory stimuli to their tastes. It may be used by organisations for product management and marketing planning purposes.

TÜRKİYE’NİN METROPOL ŞEHİRLERİNDEKİ BAZI ALIŞVERİŞ MERKEZLERİNİN IPA VE IPCA YÖNTEMLERİ KULLANILARAK KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

With the influence of globalization and modernism, habits have begun to change in many areas. Especially in recent years, as a result of economic and social events, the urban lifestyle has also changed. As a result of the change, people have started to prefer multifunctional shopping centers where all kinds of products, in addition to their basic needs, are available together and where they can have more rest opportunities. Areas with this function, which are also considered urban attraction points, are increasing their share in the service sector day by day. There is a highly competitive environment among shopping malls that have a significant customer potential. Understanding the competitive position of these areas is vital for decision-makers. This study, conducted in Ankara and Istanbul samples, aims to analyze to what extent the physical features of shopping malls meet the preferences and expectations of users. These properties were evaluated using IPA and IPCA methods. In this context, the study presents a comparative analysis of Ankara, which was selected as the focal location, and Istanbul, which was selected as the rival location. As a result of the analysis, the criteria that Ankara and Istanbul have higher performance than each other and the features that should be prioritized in performance improvement studies to increase their competitiveness were determined. It has been concluded that shopping malls in Ankara are in a position to compete with Istanbul.

Geoinformation technologies of computer-aided design of public places in urban areas: problems and experience (on the example of Saransk)

The paper considers the possibilities of using modern software products to solve the problems of computer (including geoinformation) design of public places in urban areas, first of all, the AutoCAD computer-aided design system. The identified features of program use, its advantages and disadvantages, strong features and problems are presented, proven ways to overcome the latter are indicated. Based on the analysis of the experience of several projects of designing public places in Saransk (the capital of the Republic of Mordovia), carried out by the authors on the basis of topographic surveys of different years accompished by employees of LLC "Geostroiziskaniya", LLC "Cadastral Center", LLC "RNITS", materials are presented that give an idea of the options for incorrect and correct topography and illustrate the most common disadvantages of topographic bases, main steps of their processing and creation of a two-dimensional and three-dimensional topographic basis are shown on the example of the object "Novotroitsky shopping and office center". A number of indirect problems is also identified, generally related to computer-aided design of public places in urban areas, including problems with the use of licensed software, and really proven ways to overcome them are shown. This allowed to develop and practically implement geoinformation technology for computer-aided design of public places in urban areas.

Probing Aesthetics Strategies for Robot Sound: Complexity and Materiality in Movement Sonification

This article presents three studies where we probe aesthetics strategies of sound produced by movement sonification of a Pepper robot by mapping its movements to sound models. We developed two sets of sound models. The first set was made by two sound models, a sawtooth-based one and another based on feedback chains, for investigating how the perception of synthesized robot sounds would depend on their design complexity. We implemented the second set of sound models for probing the “materiality” of sound made by a robot in motion. This set consisted of a sound synthesis based on an engine highlighting the robot’s internal mechanisms, a metallic sound synthesis highlighting the robot’s typical appearance, and a whoosh sound synthesis highlighting the movement. We conducted three studies. The first study explores how the first set of sound models can influence the perception of expressive gestures of a Pepper robot through an online survey. In the second study, we carried out an experiment in a museum installation with a Pepper robot presented in two scenarios: (1) while welcoming patrons into a restaurant and (2) while providing information to visitors in a shopping center. Finally, in the third study, we conducted an online survey with stimuli similar to those used in the second study. Our findings suggest that participants preferred more complex sound models for the sonification of robot movements. Concerning the materiality, participants liked better subtle sounds that blend well with the ambient sound (i.e., less distracting) and soundscapes in which sound sources can be identified. Also, sound preferences varied depending on the context in which participants experienced the robot-generated sounds (e.g., as a live museum installation vs. an online display).