Shop Work Research Articles

Training in Fundamentals of Electricity, Machines, Radio, Shop Work, and Automotive Mechanics

Training in Fundamentals of Electricity, Machines, Radio, Shop Work, and Automotive Mechanics

Shop Work for the Physics Teacher

Shop Work for the Physics Teacher

The Coordination of the Teaching of Mathematics

In our complicated world of today, when mathematics is needed more than ever before, it is being taught less. The trend towards giving more and more practical courses in secondary schools has created a definite competition for the hours of the school day. Courses in commercial subjects, shop work, and social studies, among others, have been expanded and intensified, while courses in mathematics have been diluted, postponed, or sometimes left out of the program entirely. Mathematics is not at fault, nor are the teachers at fault. The results, as stated by mathematicians, to be attained by the study of the subject are worthy ones, but it is true that these desirable aims are not always being achieved. And since the fault is not with mathematics, it must either be in the content of the courses offered or else in the methods of teaching them. The goal of all teachers in the field should be so to enhance the contents of their courses and so to improve the methods of teaching them that the aims of the study of mathematics will be more clearly realized and that its value will be more generally appreciated. Through coordination of the teaching of mathematics these goals will be more readily attained.

Cooperative Part‐Time Diversified Occupations Program

Occupations: The Vocational Guidance JournalVolume 18, Issue 6 p. 403-406 Cooperative Part-Time Diversified Occupations Program C. E. RAKESTRAW, C. E. RAKESTRAW Federal Agent, Industrial Education As regional agent for trade and industrial education, the Vocational Division, U. S. Office of Education, Mr. Rakestraw aids the state departments of the Southern States and the Island of Puerto Rico in the organization of the trade and industrial education programs carried on under federal grants. During his term the program of training in diversified occupations has been established, and the Summer School of the University of Florida has been organized at Daytona Beach, to train vocational teachers. Mr. Rakestraw has had wide experience in shop work and vocational education.Search for more papers by this author C. E. RAKESTRAW, C. E. RAKESTRAW Federal Agent, Industrial Education As regional agent for trade and industrial education, the Vocational Division, U. S. Office of Education, Mr. Rakestraw aids the state departments of the Southern States and the Island of Puerto Rico in the organization of the trade and industrial education programs carried on under federal grants. During his term the program of training in diversified occupations has been established, and the Summer School of the University of Florida has been organized at Daytona Beach, to train vocational teachers. Mr. Rakestraw has had wide experience in shop work and vocational education.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1940 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-5892.1940.tb00564.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume18, Issue6March 1940Pages 403-406 RelatedInformation

Labor Organizing by the Congress and Lawmaking by the Labor Board

With what rapidity changes have come! We have Bartlett's testimony that shop working time in 1842 was 1234 hours per day, 76 hours per week. In 1860 the work week had been reduced to 68 hours, in 1900 to 58 hours, and in 1930 to less than 48 hours. Today it is considerably under 40 hours. Without the facilities for production that industry has provided, the standard of living would have been lowered in the same proportion as working hours; but how far from this are the facts! One hundred years ago the average family, although working from dawn to dark, lived in a poorly constructed home, heated by an open fire which served also for cooking. Candles furnished light. A wagon or stage coach without springs furnished transportation over roads so poor that twenty miles was a good day's jourey. Fabrics were hand woven and clothes handmade. A good cobbler eeded three days to make a pair of shoes, shoes that no one would wear today. Plumbing had not been dreamed of, nor any of the scores of comforts and conveniences we now have. It is a reasonable estimate that these comforts and conveniences which we now enjoy represent more than fifty times the productive effort that would be needed today to provide all the things the human race had one hundred years ago, and yet man produces them in half the working time. This is the triumph of industry. Careful studies have been made of real wages in the United States during this period. That of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York which covers the period from 1820 to 1834, with its index based upon 1913 as 100, shows that real wages on this scale in 1820 was 43; in 1837, after an advance to 54, the index was again 43; in the past hundred years there has been a steady advance up to a maximum in 1931 of 136, and for the past year, the estimate is 132.

Discussion on "Progressing of work in the shops" at the Western Section of the Institution

Mr. Wilson: What is your percentage of progress staff to production staff? How do you deal with drawing office change of design? How do you deal with drawing office change of design? With regard to conveyors going through machine shop to assembly bed, does that mean there is no inspection and that parts are not passed through the finished stores?

Progressing of work in the shops

Progressing of work in the shops

Progressing of work in the shops

Progressing of work in the shops

Aeronautical and Automotive Service Mechanics

Abstract This paper describes the training courses for airplane and automobile mechanics as taught at the Cass Technical High School, Detroit, Mich. They have more than doubled the minimum training requirements for airplane mechanics as set forth by the United States Department of Commerce. The course for airplane-engine mechanics includes specifications of various types and gives shop work in tuning, adjusting, and overhauling engines. The course gives skill in the use of various hand tools and also teaches technical details. Automotive training includes machine fitting, internal-combustion engines, chassis details, automotive electricity, welding and engine testing.

The Development of the Standard Design for Self-Supporting Radio Towers for the United Fruit and Tropical Radio Telegraph Companies

This paper is an historical review of the United Fruit Company's Radio Towers, and describes the origin of a 1906 design for 200 ft. (61 m.) towers; of 50 ft. (15 m.) extension added in 1910; of the hurricane wrecks of 1914, 1915, and 1916, of data deduced from them, and of the reconstruction of the towers. It discusses the effect of a new policy that "radio communication should be made so reliable that, when all other means fail, the public can confidently look to the radio stations to maintain service, which can be done if only the towers remain standing." The preliminary designs for three-legged towers made in 1915 are described, and their economy and advantages as compared with four-legged towers, the saving due to adjustable rod bracing and the low cost of shop work effected by making all leg sections equal short chords of a circular arc, are pointed out. The design of the Tegucigalpa (Honduras) towers, with antenna bridges and the latest revised, "Standard Plan of 400 ft (122 m.) self-supporting towers, with 150 ft. (46 m.) antenna bridges," are shown with the specified loads, unit stresses, and notes on the most favorable direction of wire pull in relation to cross-section of tower. The design of sections and details are briefly referred to, with the limiting heights of towers to which similar sections are applicable. Two pairs of 100 ft. (30.5 m.

General Intelligence, Machine Shop Work, and Educational Guidance in the Junior High School

We may properly assume that recent experiments have established the existence of significantly high correlation between general intelligence, as determined by mental tests, and ability to do the required academic work in our public schools. Can such correspondence be shown to exist between general intelligence and progress in learning to do specific kinds of shop work ? In other words, is the boy of low intelligence as much of a misfit in our shop courses as he is in the academic curricula ? The question has very great significance if we believe with certain authorities, first, that the largest part of approximately one-third of our elementary-school population which is overage is retarded because of inability to do the required work; second, that of the one-third of our high-school pupils who drop out of school without having completed the work of the first year, a large part drop out on account of inferior mental endowment; third, that at the present time graduation from high school is well beyond the intellectual capacity of a large proportion of the children, for such graduation seems to require a minimum intelligence quotient of 90o, while a third of our children test that low or lower. Certainly this one-third of our school population which is evidently not suited for the regular work of our schools is entitled to instruction in subjects which require only such ability as is possessed. Shall these subjects be largely industrial with such related drawing, English, mathematics, science, etc., as can be learned ?

Alignment Charts

The subject of nomographic or alignment charts has received considerable attention during the last few years. Although its value as a time and labor saving device is so evident, still it has taken almost a generation since its inception by the French engineer and mathematician, M. D’Ocagne, before the American engineer has sought to profit by it. The world war brought our ordnance engineers in contact with the French engineers, and the former have learned how the latter apply the principles underlying the alignment chart to the graphical solution of some of their problems in ballistics and allied subjects. Today, some of our manufacturers are becoming interested in these charts, and the “Department of Industrial Cooperation and Research” at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which is in close contact with over two hundred of these firms, has received many requests for alignment chart solutions of various simple problems which have arisen in their shop work. These solutions, because of their simplicity, can be used by the workmen in the shop with considerable facility and little chance of error.

Romance of a great factory

“Romance of a Great Factory” presents the human interest side of present day industry as typified in a great factory, that of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, New York. While avowing that “with no effort to produce ‘literature’, these stories were hastily dictated while still under the spell of the spectacular and awe-inspiring scenes witnessed on various trips through our great factory employing nearly twenty-five thousand men”, the author suceeds in putting before the reader a vivid and realistic picture of the factory life, with the shop worker and his interests in the foreground, and with a back ground of scientific and statistical information that adds to its value.

The Junior High School: Description of the Local Situation in Hannibal, Missouri

Among the most important reasons leading the school authorities of Hannibal to adopt the junior high-school idea may be mentioned: (i) a strong local recognition of the fact that many of the pupils were not getting the kind of training in the higher elementary grades that they most needed; (2) the failure of the work in these grades to make an appeal to the pupils who came from homes where they were not supported by a strong educational tradition and sentiment; (3) the difficulty experienced by students in accomplishing the work of the first high-school year; and (4) the belief that the majority of pupils found in Grades VII, VIII, and IX when taken collectively constitute a natural psychological unit requiring treatment essentially different from that above or below these limits. Based on these considerations action was taken establishing two junior high schools in September, 1915; and in one other school the work of Grades VII and VIII was departmentalized and was given some of the characteristics of junior high schools. At a later date it is expected to make this school the third junior high school in the city system. In this connection it should be said that the changes in our system have been gradual rather than abrupt; and some of the features of junior high-school life, as usually recognized, were found in our schools before September, 1915. All schools containing seventh and eighth grades had been equipped for laboratory and shop work in manual training in wood and in household arts, and all pupils in the grades named were receiving regular training in those forms of educational activity. The instruction in these subjects was departmentalized; and some progress had been made in departmentalization in other work. In one of the three schools now under discussion the departmental plan of teaching had been 652

Shop Problems in Mathematics

THE authors' aims in producing this book have been to impart to the student information in regard to the more important points in shop work, such as the names of the parts of machines used in wood and metal working, together with the materials employed, and also to give a thorough training in the mathematical operations that are useful in shop practice and science. In carrying out these ideas, about two-thirds of the space available are occupied in calculations applied to timber, house building, machines, pattern-making, and foundry work, forgings, screws, and screw-cutting, and the gas engine. The latter part of the book is taken up with a review of calculation with short methods.