Shop Work Research Articles

Art and Artifact in Laboratory Science: A Study of Shop Work and Shop Talk in a Research Laboratory.Michael Lynch

<i>Art and Artifact in Laboratory Science: A Study of Shop Work and Shop Talk in a Research Laboratory.</i>Michael Lynch

Art and Artefact in Laboratory Science – A Study of Shop Work and Shop Talk in a Research Laboratory: Studies in Ethnomethodology

Art and Artefact in Laboratory Science – A Study of Shop Work and Shop Talk in a Research Laboratory: Studies in Ethnomethodology

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in an automobile body shop worker

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is often of uncertain etiology and is therefore named ‘idiopathic’ pulmonary fibrosis. Some occupational exposures, however, are known to cause interstitial fibrosis, asbestos and silica being well-known examples. We present clinical and pathological findings of a case with IPF and the results of microchemical analysis of inorganic paniculate matter in the lung tissue. A very high lung burden of inorganic contaminants was found, including silica and metallic compounds. Emphasis is given to the importance of obtaining detailed occupational histories and conducting microchemical analysis of lung tissue in order to clarify etiological factors in cases with ‘idiopathic’ pulmonary fibrosis.

The decision to adopt new technology—Effects on organizational size

FMS is new technology with many considerations that differ from those familiarly applied to job shop, flow shop and automated flow shop work configurations. A major obstacle to using FMS is that little is known about how to co-ordinate flexible work and transfer activities to obtain a relatively constant flow of marketable output. In the past year, articles on FMS have appeared with increasing frequency. Their emphasis highlights the reduction in variable production costs that FMS promises. This paper describes a different approach, namely, to uncover the effects of FMS technology on optimal organizational size. To achieve this end, we must consider factors other than variable production cost savings. This enlarges the scope of the decision model required to evaluate FMS configurations. The investigation proceeds along two diverse, but complementary paths. One is based on a theoretical model, using non-linear breakeven analysis. The second employs empirical data obtained from industrial users. The theoretical model indicates that FMS requires a larger total output than the system it replaces. Empirical results tend to confirm this finding. In addition, FMS alters other managerial considerations, including appropriate marketing strategies.

Tooling economics in integrated manufacturing systems

Abstract Two alternative objectives when analysing machining rates are to produce components at maximum production rate or at minimum cost. Tn this psiper, a procedure is introduced in which selected jobs, initially programmed in a schedule at maximum production rates, hare their machining rates reviewed in order to reduce costs. An integrated manufacturing system with a job shop work pattern is assumed and in which due date criteria are applied to finished jobs. The cost reduction procedure is designed to operate while maintaining the original schedule performance.

Freeing the operator from the machine – as exemplified on assembly lines in the automotive industry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses freeing the machine shop worker from repetitious, hard, manual operations in favor of using his capability to perform monitoring and controlling functions. In the assembly, plants automation progressed at a much slower rate. The sequence of motions executed by a worker in the assembly process is much more difficult and expensive reproduce by machine. In assembly of semitrailing control arm for rear axle, the semitrailing control arm, rear axle shaft flange, tapered roller bearing, rubber bearings, brake carrier, and various small parts are assembled and the play of the wheel bearing is adjusted and checked. The assembly of the front stub axle includes attaching the front wheel hub to the brake disc and assembling these with the steering knuckle, brake cover plate, and dust cap. The differential gear assembly section put was into operation at the beginning of 1977. This assembly facility replaced the previous conveyer line assembly for our high-volume production line.

Occupational lead exposure in Finland. VI. Final report.

Between 1970 and 1973, 2,209 workers representing 30 different types of work were studied in Finland for lead exposure. The indicator of lead exposure was the blood lead concentrations (Pb-B) of the workers. The highest recommended value for Pb-B in Finland, 70 mug/100 ml of blood, was exceeded in the following types of work: PVC plastic manufacturing, storage tank manufacturing and repairing, machine shop work, treating metal surfaces, paint manufacturing, car radiator repairing, spray painting, machine shop work (railway), and storage battery repair. The types of work with the highest average exposure were lead scrap smelting (Pb-B median 79 mug/100 ml, range 35--118), storage battery manufacturing (Pb-B median 66 mug/100 ml, range 19--101), metal founding, (Pb-B median 53 mug/100 ml, range 6--108) shipbreaking (Pb-B median 49 mug/100 ml, range 26--106) crystal glass manufacturing (Pb-B median 41 mug/100 ml, range 12--82), car radiator repairing (Pb-B median 38 mug/100 ml, range 17--83), and PVC plastic manufacturing (Pb-B median 37 mug/100 ml, range 10--126). During the past 5 years cases of clincial lead poisoning have occurred in all of these types of work, and the patients received workmen's compensation. The usefulness of the national poisoning register in predicting the relative hazard of lead exposure in the types of work studied was evaluated with the aid of rank order correlation statistics. The analysis showed that the poisoning register is a useful indicator of lead exposure in the most exposed types of work. However, the present survey also revealed work in which the hazard had escaped recognition in this country: metal founding, car repairing, and car radiator repairing, for example. Although it seems possible to predict the most heavily exposed work types from national poisoning registers only, the detection of workers with less severe manifestations of toxic effects, or somtimes even poisoning, in other types of work first requires a systematic survey of all types of work with possible lead exposure, and then regular monitoring of all exposed workers.

Payment by results Leading system in production development

Swedish experience of changes of payment systems indicates that there is a strong link between payment-by-results and the way the work organization functions. In fact the efficiency-promoting effects of payments-by-results to a great extent is explained by positive indirect effects on work forms, production planning and control, supervision and the readiness at the shop floor level to counteract and neutralize production disturbances and variations. This paper takes account of material from a study by Dr. Jan Edgren of changes in the payment system on the development, of events at a Granges die-casting shop. It is pointed out that the indirect effects of payment systems make payment-by-results a strategic factor or leading system in the development of the shop floor organization and work forms. The paper also presents an outline of some characteristics of the payment systems of the future.

An Automatized System of Plannihg the Daily Schedule of an Open-Hearth Furnace Shop

The paper analyses an automatized system of planning the operation of an open- hearth furnace shop of one of the metallurgical plants of the Soviet Union. Planning the shop work schedule adds up to solving the following problems:1.Forecasting the open-hearth furnace tapping time-length during a taken 24-hour period.2.Forecasting the furnace operation up to the end of the 24-hour period.3.The compilation of an optimal desired output.4.The compilation of an optimal schedule.The last two problems represent programs of integral programming and are solved by the “branch and bound” method.

The Relation between Temperature and Carbon at the End of Oxygen Blowing into the Stainless Steel Bath in Electric Furnaces

How to guess the carbon content accurately at the end of oxygen blowing is an important problem in melting stainless steel using 10t and 30t electric furnaces. The carbon control method owes a shop worker's experience especially the volume of oxygen blowing.So, in order to connect the method with computer control of melting process in near future, a mathematical model was drown up after analyzing decarburization reaction speed from the point of speed theory considering about operational conditions.

A Machine Release Scheme for the Job Shop Work Center

Abstract The job shop may be viewed as a network of queues with each work center then defined as a single or multichannel service facility. In the low volume situation, manufacturing improvements may be expected of each work station. The effect of learning at the service facility will be seen as a reduction of queue congestion and a lessening of unit waiting time. This may eventually lead to excessive idle service capacity or reduced machine utilization. Where there are several machines at each work station, and learning can be expected, a scheme can be developed wherein machines could be released on a schedule to other work assignments while maintaining a relatively constant level of machine utilization.

Optic neuropathy due to lead poisoning. Report of a case.

A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a 49-year-old paint shop worker is presented. The patient had definite laboratory evidence of systemic lead poisoning without other clinical manifestations. His favorable response to penicillamine therapy supports the diagnosis of lead-induced optic neuropathy and establishes this chelating agent as a useful form of treatment for the optic nerve involvement in lead poisoning.

Polytechnical and Vocational Training for Chemical Trades in the Secondary School

The problem of providing the chemical industry and the national economy as a whole with an adequate supply of chemists trained for shop and laboratory work is of exceptional importance at the present time. The party and the government are giving increasing attention to the task of applying chemical processes and products in the national economy, to developing the chemical industry. The USSR Council of Ministers has examined N. S. Khrushchev's proposals concerning the basic principles and directions of development to be considered in elaborating the national economic plan. (-1) The chief shortcoming in established planning practice, as N. S. Khrushchev pointed out, is the insufficient attention given to the priority development of the most progressive branches of industry and individual types of production.

The prep shop: work for willing hands.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessTHE PREP SHOP Work for Willing HandsMary Ananian, and W. E. BiddleMary AnanianSearch for more papers by this author, and W. E. BiddleSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.13.8.436AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "THE PREP SHOP Work for Willing Hands." Psychiatric Services, 13(8), pp. 436–439 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 13Issue 8 August 1962Pages 436-439 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 August 1962

How to attract more girls to high school physics

Many influences in our modern life keep girls away from scientific subjects. Their aunts give them dolls rather than Mechano sets. Their schools prescribe dancing or cooking rather than rock study or shop work. Yet even if they did want physics, they would scarcely be able to get into physics classes in today's high schools. So said fifty teachers, principals, school superintendents, counselors, and scientists who took part in a one‐day discussion on “Physics Education for Secondary‐School Girls” which was held last May under the auspices of the Washington, D.C. Joint Board on Science Education at Immaculata High School and Junior College.

Inter-Relationship of Three Measures of Motivation

This paper is a progress .report concerning three measures of motivation: (a) Need for Achievement-nAch (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953), (b) Need for Affiliation-nAff (Shipley & Veroff, 1952), and (c) Need for Power-nPow (Veroff, 1957). Need for achivement refers to a drive to compete satisfactorily with an interiorized standard of excellence; for affiliation has reference to a drive to establish, maintain or restore a warm, reciprocal relationship wich another person; and for power refers to a drive to control the means of influencing another's behavior. Certainly the degree of statistical independence of the needs is an important consideration, particularly if one ultimately aspires to the measurement of a need hierarchy. The three measures were obtained from 416 male Ss over the last four years. Of this number, 215 were students at Darunouth College and 201 were recent members of the U. S. Army. Using a measurement technique, suggested by McClelland, et al. (1952), Ss wrote stories to the following six pictures: two men (inventors) in a shop working at a machine (cf. 2 in the list, Atkinson, 1958, Appendix 111); four men seated at a table with coffee cups-one man is writing on a sheaf of papers (101); man (father) and children seaced at breakfast table (102); man seaced at drafting board before picture of woman and children (28); conference group-seven men variously grouped around a conference table (83); woman in foreground with man standing behind and to the left (103). The Dartmouth stories were scored for the three needs by a person whose scoring reliability, as measured in reference to published expert scoring, had been demonstrated to be .90 for each of the needs. The scoring reliabilities of the Army smdy were .90 for for achievement, .78 for for affiliation, and .82 for for power. An individual's score was determined by adding the scores obtained by E for that particular for S's six stories. Following this summing, each person was characterized by three scores. The distribution of each of the three scores was broken into fourths. The three needs were then compared wich one another by means of three 4 X 4 tables. Table 1 shows the X's that demonstrate the inter-relationships between the scores for each sample.

Prediction of the Sheltered Shop Work Performance Of Individuals With Severe Physical Disability1

The Personnel and Guidance JournalVolume 36, Issue 2 p. 95-98 Prediction of the Sheltered Shop Work Performance Of Individuals With Severe Physical Disability† EUGENE B. NADLER, EUGENE B. NADLER Eugene B. Nadler is with the Highland View Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.Search for more papers by this author EUGENE B. NADLER, EUGENE B. NADLER Eugene B. Nadler is with the Highland View Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1957 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1957.tb00997.xCitations: 5 ‡ From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Highland View Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio; Sheltered Workshop Research Program; Chief Investigator, Mieczyslaw Peszczynski, M.D. Supported by the U. S. Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, Special Grant 21–56. The author gratefully acknowledges the valuable comments and criticisms of Dr. F. C. Shontz, Psychologist of the Department of Psychological Medicine, Highland View Hospital. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume36, Issue2October 1957Pages 95-98 RelatedInformation

Production and Installation of Vertical Water-Wheel Generators [includes discussion

This paper deals with the shop work on Canadian Westinghouse water-wheel generators and with their installation at various hydroelectric stations. The mechanical aspects of such machines are important to the erection as well as in the production operations. The tolerances called for are remarkably close considering the size and weight of the components and the fact that large machines are erected on site. The remarks on design are confined to those concerning components.

Engineering Training for Women

T HE drafting of civilian college men and the institution of specific military curriculums, such as the Army Specialized Training Program and the Naval College Training Program, are obvious changes in the educational scene. In addition to these which chiefly affect men, there are several which are influencing women as well. Within the past three years many engineering and technical courses have been opened to women for the first time. Previously, women were permitted, but certainly not encouraged, to participate in courses such as mechanical drawing, shop work, or the more advanced technical subjects. The governmentsponsored courses of the Engineering, Science, and Management War Training (ESMWT) in these fields have pointed their offerings directly toward women. College officers and vocational advisers have likewise encouraged women to move into technical fields. Industry has welcomed those who have been trained. Not only have women been warmly welcomed; they have received real recognition. Because a number of women have shown that they have abilities in technical work, there is a growing acknowledgment that women can do the job. They have successfully invaded fields heretofore recognized as suitable for men only. Of course, there has always been the unusual woman who succeeded in a man's field in a man's way, but the present situation goes beyond that. Although equality of opportunity has hardly yet been achieved, the woman is not now a stranger in these fields, and she is well on the way to being accepted there. In all coeducational systems, the girls have had the opportunity to accept the accelerated programs along with the men. They have been urged to do so for patriotic, as well as economic, reasons. This, in itself, has forced college women to recognize themselves as important factors in the economics of production. Industry and education have combined forces to meet specific industrial needs. Special courses and whole curriculums have been developed chiefly for the training of women. The closer association between educational institutions and industrial concerns is in itself a significant change; the fact that it concerns women is of further consequence. The Engineering Cadette Program, which is particularly significant for those concerned with the education of women, combines and illustrates a number of the changes which have been

Training in Fundamentals of Electricity, Machines, Radio, Shop Work, and Automotive Mechanics

Training in Fundamentals of Electricity, Machines, Radio, Shop Work, and Automotive Mechanics