Shop Practice Research Articles

Short Communications

With this issue of Optical Engineering the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers starts a new section devoted to short communications. Id here are many interesting and important aspects of optical engineering that are worth re porting in the literature but which are not suitable for a full-length paper. The mechanism of short communications can provide a format for such i formation. The subject matter of these contributions can include any material that can be considered optical engineering and may be theoretical results or predication of the behavior of optical systems, 'experimental data relating to optical system performance, engineering detail of new or improved optical systems, and new and unique laboratory or shop practice techniques.

Development of Coating Material for Stopper Rod Sleeves

In Tisco, the stopper rod sleeves used are of moderate heat duty quality. During the teeming of low carbon highly oxidised steels, severe erosion of sleeves, resulting in stopper rod failures, posed a problem. A coating material was developed and tried on the sleeves which gave encouraging results. Coating of sleeves has been adopted as a regular shop practice.

Charles babbage (1792‐1871)

AbstractCharles Babbage was an English mathematician who devoted most of his life to the design and construction of machines that would perform mathematical operations and produce printed mathematical tables. His first ambition was to build a mechanical calculating machine; his second ambition was to build a mechanical digital computer that could be programmed and used for the same purposes as those of modern electronic digital computers. Although Babbage showed great inventive genius in formulating how these machines were to be built, he only partly succeeded in making his ideas realities. His efforts were thwarted by lack of financial support, zeal on his part to build excessively large machines, far larger than he needed to prove the worth of his ideas, and by inadequate machine tools–he worked decades before machine shop practice could aspire to the kind of precision machinery he needed. As a pioneer in developing the underlying principles of digital computers, he is a major figure in the history of the information sciences. Babbage had many other scientific interests, and, as an indefatigable worker, he made notable contributions to most of the subjects he touched.

Technique for Curing Polyurethane Coatings on Piezoelectric Transducers

Polyurethane coatings on transducers commonly had (or developed) a fishscale-type appearance due to fissures, contained entrapped bubbles, and exhibited poor adhesion to the silvered electrodes of piezoelectric-ceramic elements in all cases tried when the material was cured at 150°F beginning sequentially after pouring. These defects, which caused loss of watertight integrity or anomalous acoustic characteristics, were eliminated when the 150°F cure was preceded by a 24-hr room-temperature (75°±5°F) cure. No difficulties were encountered in potting small (112 in. diam×112 in. long) cylindrical ceramic, or in encapsulating large (6 in. diam×24 in. long) cylindrical assemblies. Use of the 2-step curing process permitted simplification of shop practice in that the mold was not placed in the oven until after the polyurethane had achieved its initial set. Hence, mold-handling was facilitated. All transducers that have been potted in transparent polyurethane and cured using the technique described have met the required standards of acoustic behavior and have remained watertight at pressures up to 1500 psig. Since many of the defects noted above would have been invisible in opaque polyurethane potting compounds, the periodic use of a transparent formulation to check the efficacy of the curing process and/or raw materials being used was indicated.

Pressure Lubricated Deep Drawing : 5th Report, The Sub-shop-scale Experiments Using a Hydraulic Press Equipment

An intermediate equipment between the laboratory scale and the actual press shop scale is constructed and tested for the Pressure lubricated deep drawing. By its hydraulic system, the fluid pressure can be controlled between 0 and 1000kg/cm2, which may be necessary to obviate the difficulties encountered in press shop practice. Through the experiment, it is clarified that the pressure formulae previously proposed are also consistent with the new lager equipment, and that the pressure lubricated deep drawing system can be applicable to the practical working rather satisfactorily. To realize the importance of controlling pressure in that system, its effect on drawing result is proved by showing the certain drawn examples of cylindrical cups.

Precise LC Comb Filters, Packaged for Reliability

The engineering, packaging, and testing controls necessary to produce reliable, precise LC comb filters which are critical components in today's advanced military electronics systems, are often completely overlooked or inadequately stressed. It is common practice for engineers to consider the filter as a black box to be accepted as soon as the electrical requirements have been met. Then, there usually follows a crash program of makeshift fixes in order that the unit in final form may reliably meet the rigid environments encountered in Military Systems. This paper describes the design of a 60-filter comb, which is the critical front end of Doppler radar systems, and presents solutions to packaging problems encountered in its design, and the test controls devised to produce 60 precise LC filters with critical interrelated electrical specifications. The mechanical evolution of the design will be described. In summation, LC comb filters can be designed stressing repairability, good shop practice, and precision electrical characteristics, as well as environmental reliability.

A Study on the Chip Breaker

Out of the variety of so-called chip breakers for carbide tools, we have chosen the Deflectortype, having simple attachments, occupying small space, and succeeded in the shop practice. In this report, not only the result of experimental studies on the foundamental conditions, such as chip flow direction, curling radius of chips, cutting force and it's vibrations, about which it is necessary for us to know when we use these types of chip breaker, but also the effective diagram for cutting conditions, are described. The experimental equations of this effective range are as follows, (1) V·a0.35=187/T0.23 for SF 54 (2) V·a0.35=218/T0.35 for SNC 90 (3) eV0.74=73a+35 where, V is cutting speed in m/mn, a is cutting thickness in mm, T is tool life in mn, and e is setting distance of the deflector in mm.

A teachers college adjusts to the war and postwar periods

Like other schools of higher education, Illinois State Normal University during the past five years has made many adjustments in its total program as it has sought to make a maximum contribution to the war effort. The changes have come steadily and naturally in response to the demands which the war has made upon colleges and universities. A brief description of these changes, including the work with discharged veterans of World War II, is contained in this article. As early as 1940 the Civilian Pilot Training program was established at the university by the Federal Government, the courses being offered by the department of Physical Science. Men between the ages of 18 and 26 who had completed one year of college work pursued courses outlined by the Civil Aeronautics Administration. The ground work was provided at the University while the flight work was taken at the nearby Bloomington Airport. More than one hundred students completed the course and secured pilot's certificates. On March 10, 1941 the UE-ND Number 1 program, later known as War Production Training, was set up on the campus under the general direction of the Industrial Arts Department. Trainees were referred to the school by the United States Employment Service, the Work Projects Administration, and the National Youth Administration. Trainees varied greatly in their preparation. It was the task of the instructors to induct their students into different types of shop practice and train them for peak production as rapidly as possible. Much of the time shops were in operation twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Some two thousand men were trained in these courses. In December 1942, Illinois State Normal University was selected as a training center for Naval Aviation Cadets, the group popularly known as V-5. Four classes of cadets completed the course here. On July 1, 1943, this program was exchanged for the Navy V-12 program. Fell Hall and Smith Hall, the University dormitories, were turned over to the Navy. Many instructors, especially those in Physical Education, Mathematics, and Science, gave most of their time to Navy classes. This program was continued until July 1, 1945, the enrollment varying from 260 to 160. The men in the different groups entered whole-heartedly into the life of the school and made a definite contribution in both curricular and extra-curricular activities.

Kennedy, William J. Pre‐Service Course in Shop Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1943. 337 p. 1.52

Science EducationVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 80-80 Book Review Kennedy, William J. Pre-Service Course in Shop Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1943. 337 p. 1.52 O. E. Underhill, O. E. UnderhillSearch for more papers by this author O. E. Underhill, O. E. UnderhillSearch for more papers by this author First published: September/October 1943 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730270214AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume27, Issue2September/October 1943Pages 80-80 RelatedInformation

Modern Locomotive Boiler Shop Practice

Modern Locomotive Boiler Shop Practice

Improvements in Water Works Equipment and Materials

Improvements in materials and equipment used in water works practice may be placed in three general classifications. First is refinement in design, shop practice and the use of better materials; examples of which are steam generating equipment, pumping equipment, pipe, valves, hydrants, elevated tanks, centrifugally cast iron pipe, copper tubing, stainless steel and protective coatings. Second is the application of standardized devices and equipment to water works service, in some cases to functions somewhat foreign to their original uses. This classification would include the great increase in the use of electrical power in performing functions previously handled by water motors, gravity and by manual operations; the increased motorization of valves, sluice gates, cranes and hoists; the use of conveying equipment, both mechanical and pneumatic, in connection with overhead storage bins for the handling and storage of chemicals in bulk, instead of packaged chemicals handled with hand trucks and cumbersome elevators; the application of float switches, pressure switches, electrical relays, contactors, solenoids and other mechanical and magnetic devices to automatic control and operation of water treatment and pumping plant equipment; the use of compressed air for aeration and rapid mixing; the application of activated carbon and ammonia to water purification; and certain types of chemical mixing and feeding equipment, although chemical equipment borrowed from the chemical industry has, in some cases, been considerably modified to meet the special conditions of water treatment. There are several items of equipment which could be placed in a sub-division of this second classification, although perhaps they should be given a classification of their own. I am referring to equipment either developed entirely for sewage treatment work and

Dry Ice in the Machine Shop

BY means of solid carbon dioxide, often called ‘dry ice’, it is easy to lower the temperature of a piece of metal to 100 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. At this temperature, the metal contracts considerably and so the workman can obtain a good ‘shrink fit’. It is analogous to the riveting of boiler plates by red hot rivets, which on cooling draw the plates so tightly together as to form a joint impervious to high pressure steam. According to Science Service of Washington, W. H. Swanger of the U.S. Bureau of Standards, who has been conducting experiments with solid carbon dioxide, reports that machine shop practice may come to accept this new method of shrink ing metals. When a metal band has to be slipped round a shaft it is necessary to heat it, and as it cools it contracts to a tight fit. Instead of doing this we can refrigerate the shaft causing it to con tract, and thus enabling the band to be slipped in place. When the shaft warms to room temperature a tight fit is secured. As the domestic production of frozen carbon dioxide has in recent years exceeded 40,000 tons it is commercially available. Mr. Swanger concludes that the shrinking of metals with very low temperatures is commercially feasible.

Shop Practice in Welding

THESE notes will be confined exclusively to oxy‐acetylene welding, as in this country at all events, the use of electric welding of any kind in aircraft construction is still more or less in the experimental stage.

Shop Practice in the Factory

A CONSIDERABLE proportion of this issue is devoted to two articles of an essentially practical nature which, though appealing perhaps primarily to works managers and others in positions of responsibility in the shops, have their lessons also for designers and those employed in the drawing office.

A comparison of shop practice in Great Britain, America and the Continent, with an indication of which is considered the best

A comparison of shop practice in Great Britain, America and the Continent, with an indication of which is considered the best

A comparison of shop practice in Great Britain, America and the Continent, with an indication of which is considered the best

A comparison of shop practice in Great Britain, America and the Continent, with an indication of which is considered the best

A SHOP METHOD FOR COMPARING SUBSIEVE PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION IN NONPLASTICS1

A sedimentation for determining subsieve particle distribution is described. The Curves obtained apparatus is simple and efficient enough to be used in shop practice. on feldspars and flints as well as other ceramic materials are shown.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Botany, Principles and Problems, by Edmund W. Sinnott, Professor of Botany, Barnard College, Columbia, UniversityA Biology Workbook, by James C. Adell, Chairman of the Biology Division, Lincoln High School, Orra Olive Dnnham, Chairman of the Biology Division Collinwood High School, and Louis E. Welton, Head of the Science Department, John Hay High School, all of Cleveland, Ohio.Agricultural Mathematics by L. C. Plant, Professor of Mathematics, Michigan State College.At Home among the Atoms. (A First Volume of Candid Chemistry.) James Kendall, A.M., Sc.D., F.R.S. Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the Graduate School, New York University. Professor‐ Elect of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh.General Metal Work, by Alfred B. Grayson, Instnictor in Metal Work, Jay Cooke Junior High School and Machine Shop Practice, Frankford Evening High School, Philadelphia, Pa.A Source Book in Mathematics, by David Eugene Smith, Ph.D., LLD., Professor Emeritus in Teachers College, Columbia University.A Guide for the Study of Plants, by Mabel E. Smallwood of the Department of Biology, Lane Technical High School, Chicago.

Progress in Machine-Shop Practice: Contributed by the Machine Shop Practice Division

Research Papers Progress in Machine-Shop Practice: Contributed by the Machine Shop Practice Division W. J. Peets, W. J. Peets Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Carlos de Zafra, Carlos de Zafra Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. H. Condit, K. H. Condit Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. W. Tangeman, W. W. Tangeman Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Roe J. W. Roe Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information W. J. Peets Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Carlos de Zafra Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee K. H. Condit Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee W. W. Tangeman Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee J. W. Roe Machine Shop Practice Division Executive Committee Trans. ASME. Jan 1930, 52(8): 1-2 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4057720 Published Online: April 17, 2023 Article history Published: January 1, 1930 Online: April 17, 2023

More efficient use of cutting fluids in machine shop practice

More efficient use of cutting fluids in machine shop practice