Shoe Design Research Articles

The concept of developing collections of shoes and accessories of a class «Lux» with use of the modular transformation

Today’s situation is such that a small number of you can create a variety of transformable items ensembles. Clothing constantly undergoes changes, becomes multi-functional, versatile, easily modifiable that saves money and consumer’s living space. Clothing and shoes they must be not only ergonomically, but also psychologically comfortable, so that it involves entering a fundamentally new position in the design process products’. The multiplicity of the subject ensemble is firmly included in our life. Completing the elements of the costume and its use turn into creative process. Today every single product provides the possibility of combinatorics, transformation, and various combinations of elements. The development of multifunctional products allows you to expand the range and increase the competitiveness of manufactured products products. The article shows the necessary stages of design activities in the development of new products with transformable elements, presents the process of sketch design with a detailed study of the artistic image using metonymy as a means of graphic transformation of the object. The purpose of the article is to present the developed collection of shoes using a modular transformation method that corresponds to aesthetic and ergonomic properties, as well as to show the success of the developed conceptual approach to creating transformable Shoe designs, including a retrospective review, interactive design based on analog models and production of experimental samples. This approach was developed in the framework of the dissertation for the candidate of technical Sciences Karaseva A.I. since 2014, and introduced into the educational process of the Department of «Artistic modeling, design and technology of leather products» of the Kosygin Russian state University (Technology. Design. Art) in the form of several textbooks and monographs.

Human Body Dynamics Detection of Shock Absorption and Rebound Ability of Specialized Athletic Shoes

For those who love sports, not only appearance but also functionality are important considerations in the design of athletic shoes. This is a study done on 12 subjects on a college fencing team and other sports teams. The subjects wear experimental specialized athletic shoes, including fencing shoes and other similar athletic shoes. Five kinds of shoes, fencing shoes plus four other similar types of athletic shoes, were examined for their shock absorption and rebound capacities. No significant difference between was found among them in the lunge test. However, there were significant differences between the two types of shoes in the 15 cm and 35 cm jump-down tests and extra heel support silicone gaskets in the fencing-like shoes tests. The fencing shoes proved to be the worst in terms of rebound ability in the 35 cm jump-down test. The fencing shoes had the best shock absorption but the worst rebound ability. In terms of overall performance, fencing shoes had the best shock absorption capacity. It is advisable for fencing shoes to be required during fencing training and at tournaments, but the severity of bounces, jumps, and squats should be lowered to avoid damage to the heel.

Jumping Performance of Elite NCAA Division 1 Student-athletes: The Effect of Basketball Shoe Design – Part I

Background: Assessment of basketball shoes as personal protection equipment (PPE) at the collegiate level is unique. Objective: The purpose of Part I in this pilot study was to examine the effect of shoe design on jump height in elite male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 basketball student-athletes. Method: Each team selected two pairs of AdidasTM branded shoes. The male student-athletes selected the AdidasTM Harden Vol. 3 and the AdidasTM SM Pro basketball shoes. The female student-athletes selected the AdidasTM Harden Vol. 3 and the AdidasTM Captain Marvel basketball shoes. A total of sixteen basketball student-athletes (six males, ten females) performed an acute series of four styled basketball jumps on two ForceDecksTM Force Platforms while trying to maximize jump height by tapping VertecTM Jump Vanes. Two trials were performed in each shoe and for each type of jump which included a countermovement jump, drop jump from 30cm, step and jump, and a series of plyometric jumps. Results: The results of this pilot study indicated a non-significant effect of basketball shoe design on jump height while performing an acute series of basketball style jumps for either the male or female basketball student-athletes. However, there were significant differences in jump height and peak power between the male and female basketball student-athletes (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In addition to the results, the use of quantitative performance testing on the effectiveness of basketball shoe designs as PPE may assist in the mitigation of non-contact ankle and lower limb injuries.

Pengaruh Brand Image dan Brand Trust terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Sepatu Converse melalui Kepuasan Konsumen sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro)

The rapid development of globalization has become unavoidable. This development makes business competition tougher, one of which is a fashion business. The competition for footwear products is one that has a high level of competition in the Indonesian fashion world. Converse is one product that has a large market share in Indonesia. Converse itself is a company originating from America. Converse offers a variety of casual shoe designs to consumers such as All Stars and others. This type of research is explanatory research, using a questionnaire as a method of data collection. The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect between Brand Image and Brand Trust variables on Consumer Loyalty, and the indirect effect of Brand Image and Brand Trust on Consumer Loyalty through Consumer Satisfaction on Converse consumers who are students at Diponegoro University. The research method used is the Non-Probability Sampling technique with the Snowball Sampling method. Samples collected as many as 100 respondents were divided equally according to the faculty using Stratified Random Sampling and selected based on consideration. The study uses a Partial Least Square analysis technique, which is estimated by the WarpPLS 6.0 program. Based on the analysis of data processing by WarpPLS, it is explained that the results of the test have a direct effect on the research model showing positive and significant results. Indirect effect test on the research model also shows positive and significant results. Researchers provide advice to the Converse based on the recapitulation value that is below the average given by respondents in the assessment indicators, namely providing more outlets in various regions of Indonesia, adding product variants such as product models and colors, improving the cashier system and salespeople by providing small change. as well as providing more information related to Converse products, offering member cards that provide special discounts and providing the latest information related to products, leveling out outlets that can exchange non-conforming products, and improving product experience to suit their expectations.

Effect of the Porosity Distribution on Dry Sliding Friction and Wear of Cross-Linked Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Foams With a Skin Layer

Shoes are an essential item in daily life to prevent slip-and-fall accidents and to improve performance in human activities such as walking, running, and jumping. These effects are supported by the friction between the outer shoe soles and the floor. In designing the friction of the outer sole, the wear resistance must be also considered to maintain slip resistance and provide a longer shoe lifetime. Rubber is the most popular material for the outer sole in shoe design, but it is also common to use a cross-linked resin foam on the outer sole to reduce the weight and improve the slip resistance. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is a popular material for the shoe foam material. In general, cross-linked EVA foam has a non-uniform porosity distribution, and especially near the surface in the low-porosity region called the skin layer. Here, it is considered that the friction and wear behaviors of cross-linked EVA foams can be changed via the skin layer, but the influence of the porosity distribution on the friction and wear behaviors has not been clarified. Using cross-linked EVA foams with a skin layer, this study focused on the foam friction and wear behaviors on a rough surface as a function of the porosity distribution. The friction and wear behaviors were found to depend on the wear surface porosity, which increased with wear progress. In addition, the friction coefficient exhibited a positive and negative correlation with the porosity of the wear surface and the normal force, respectively, while the specific wear rate increased with both parameters. These results are particularly meaningful for designing shoe materials.

Subject-specific identification of three dimensional foot shape deviations using statistical shape analysis

The high prevalence of foot pain, and its relation to foot shape, indicates the need for an expert system to identify foot shape abnormalities. Yet, to date, no such expert system exists that examines the full 3D foot shape and produces an intuitive explanation of why a foot is abnormal. In this work, we present the first such expert system that satisfies those goals. The system is based on the concept of model-based outlier detection: a statistical shape model (SSM) is generated from 186 3D optical foot scans of healthy feet. This model acts as a knowledge base which is then parameterized by one’s demographic characteristics (e.g., age, weight, height, shoe size) through a multivariate regression. This regression introduces model flexibility as it allows the model to be fine tuned to a specific individual. This fine tuned model is then used as a baseline to which the individual’s 3D foot scan can be compared using standard statistical tests (e.g. t-tests). These statistical tests are performed at each vertex along the foot surface to identify the degree and location of shape outliers. Our expert system was validated on foot scans from patients with hallux valgus and abnormal foot arches. As expected, our results varied per patient, confirming that feet with the same clinical classification still show high shape variability. Additionally, the foot shape abnormalities identified by our system not only agreed with the expected location and severity of the tested foot deformities, but our analysis of the full 3D foot shape was able to completely characterize the extent of those abnormalities for the first time. These results show that the combination of statistical shape modelling, multivariate regression, and statistical testing is powerful enough to perform outlier detection for 3D foot shapes. The resulting insights provided by this system could prove useful in both shoe design and clinical diagnosis.

Footprint Curvature in Spanish Women: Implications for Footwear Fit.

The incorrect adjustment of footwear produces alterations in the foot that affect quality of life. The usual measurements for shoe design are lengths, widths and girths, but these measures are insufficient. The foot presents an angle between the forefoot and the rearfoot in the transverse plane, which is associated with foot pronation, hallux valgus and metatarsus adductus. Here, we aimed at identifying the groups formed by the angulations between the forefoot and rearfoot using a sample of footprints from 102 Spanish women. The angle between the forefoot and rearfoot was measured according to the method described by Bunch. A cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Footprints were grouped into three types: curved, semi-curved and straight, according to the degrees of angulation between the forefoot and rearfoot. There is great variability in the morphology of the foot. Based on our findings, to achieve a better footwear fit, we propose the manufacture of three types of lasts with different curvatures.

Design and Analysis of Heavy Duty Truck Brake Drum and Shoe

Design and Analysis of Heavy Duty Truck Brake Drum and Shoe

Design of soft smart shoes for joint angle estimation in human gait

Abstract Human gait involves activities in nervous and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, approaching the dynamics may be challenging. This paper aims to present the design of soft smart shoes for joint angle estimation in human gait. There are three pneumatic chambers at the heel, arch, and forefoot of the soft sole. Barometers embedded in every chambers are used to measure the ground reaction forces (GRFs). The inertial sensors are installed on the outsole of shoes to detect the foot attitudes. The soft soles are made of silicone rubber to provide good compliance and ensure the comfort of human. Gaussian process regression (GPR) is established and serves as the mathematics foundation to explore the deep layer correlation between the joint angle and GRFs and foot attitudes which are regarded as the inputs of the model. The statistic nature of the proposed model offers superior flexibility and encouraging estimation results of joint angles. One potential use of the novel designed shoes and the proposed joint estimation method is the high-level control of exoskeletons and prosthetic legs. Finally, experiments were conducted to verify the superiority of the proposed algorithms.

Development of a computer-aided engineering–supported process for the manufacturing of customized orthopaedic devices by three-dimensional printing onto textile surfaces

Today, additive manufacturing, also called three-dimensional printing, is used for producing prototypes as well as other products for various industrial sectors. Although this technology is already well established in the automotive, aviation and space travel, building, dental and medical sectors, its integration in the textile and ready-made industry is still in progress. At present, there is a lack of specific application scenarios for the combination of three-dimensional printing and textile materials, apart from fashion and shoe design. Hence, this article presents a digital computer-aided engineering–supported process to manufacture customized orthopaedic devices by three-dimensional printing directly onto a textile fabric. State-of-the-art fabrication methods for orthoses are typically labour intensive. The combination of three-dimensional scanning, computer-aided design modelling and three-dimensional printing onto textile materials open up new possibilities for producing custom-made products. After three-dimensional scanning of a patient’s individual body shape, the surface is prepared for constructing the textile pattern cuts by reverse engineering. The transformation of the designed three-dimensional patterns into two-dimensional is software supported. Additional positioning lines in accordance with specific body measurements are transferred onto the two-dimensional pattern cuts, which are then used as the basis for the design of the three-dimensional printed functional elements. Subsequently, the design is saved in STL (Standard Triangulation/Tessellation Language) file format, prepared by slicing and directly printed onto textile pattern cuts by means of fused deposition modelling. The last manufacturing step involves the assembly of the textile fabric. The proposed process is demonstrated by an example application scenario, thus proving its potential for industrial use in the textile and ready-made industry.

Advanced technologies for shoe sole production

Advanced technologies for modelling and production are an important part in the whole process of product manufacturing. These advancements have changed the way of product development and play an important role in customization. In the footwear industry, as in any other industry, the use of these technologies is widely spread. Footwear comfort is one of the main selection criteria for purchase. Considering this fact, a case study of different steps for shoe designing according to individual foot shape will be presented. Taking into consideration the aesthetics of the sole and in a more sustainable view, through topological optimization reducing of material wastage for sole production will be presented. By means of the topological optimization in the shoe design process, sole optimization is realized. As a part of personalization, feet’s plantar pressure maps taken from 1 participant gave a better explanation of weight distribution of each foot. Following, sole personalization according the plantar pressure maps for each foot gives the possibility to obtain the best least material design according to the feet’s pressure while maintaining biomechanical performance.

Visual Elements of National Peking Opera in Clothing and Shoe Design at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Visual Elements of National Peking Opera in Clothing and Shoe Design at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled Smart Shoes for Wearable Electricity Generation.

The parallel evolution of wearable electronics, artificial intelligence, and fifth-generation wireless technology has created a technological paradigm with the potential to change our lives profoundly. Despite this, addressing limitations linked to continuous, sustainable, and pervasive powering of wearable electronics remains a bottleneck to overcome in order to maximize the exponential benefit that these technologies can bring once synergized. A recent groundbreaking discovery has demonstrated that by using the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can efficiently convert irregular and low-frequency passive biomechanical energy from body movements into electrical energy, providing an infinite and sustainable power source for wearable electronics. A number of human motions have been exploited to properly and efficiently harness this energy potential, including human ambulation. Shoes are an indispensable component of daily wearing and can be leveraged as an excellent platform to exploit such kinetic energy. In this article, the latest representative achievements of TENG-based smart electricity-generating shoes are comprehensively reviewed. We summarize ways in which not only can biomechanical energy be scavenged via ambulatory motion, but also biomonitoring of health parameters via tracking of rhythm and strength of pace can be implemented to aid in theranostic fields. This work provides a systematical review of the rational structural design, practical applications, scenario analysis, and performance evaluation of TENG-based smart shoes for wearable electricity generation. In addition, the perspective for future development of smart electricity-generation shoes as a sustainable and pervasive energy solution towards the upcoming era of the Internet of Things is discussed.

All Roads Lead to Dr. Jack

Dr. Jack Taunton's contributions to sports medicine, recreational running, philanthropy, the NBA, research, and running shoe design are truly remarkable. His hard work and dedication in these disciplines have made the lives of Canadians better.

Learning Models for Semantic Classification of Insufficient Plantar Pressure Images

Establishing a reliable and stable model to predict a target by using insufficient labeled samples is feasible and effective, particularly, for a sensor-generated data-set. This paper has been inspired with insufficient data-set learning algorithms, such as metric-based, prototype networks and meta-learning, and therefore we propose an insufficient data-set transfer model learning method. Firstly, two basic models for transfer learning are introduced. A classification system and calculation criteria are then subsequently introduced. Secondly, a dataset of plantar pressure for comfort shoe design is acquired and preprocessed through foot scan system; and by using a pre-trained convolution neural network employing AlexNet and convolution neural network (CNN)- based transfer modeling, the classification accuracy of the plantar pressure images is over 93.5%. Finally, the proposed method has been compared to the current classifiers VGG, ResNet, AlexNet and pre-trained CNN. Also, our work is compared with known-scaling and shifting (SS) and unknown-plain slot (PS) partition methods on the public test databases: SUN, CUB, AWA1, AWA2, and aPY with indices of precision (tr, ts, H) and time (training and evaluation). The proposed method for the plantar pressure classification task shows high performance in most indices when comparing with other methods. The transfer learning-based method can be applied to other insufficient data-sets of sensor imaging fields.

Effect of stud shape on lower limb kinetics during football-related movements

Different football shoe designs used under the same turf condition can impact athletic performance and influence the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different shape studs of football shoes on lower limb kinetics during straight-ahead running and 45° left sidestep cutting movements. Twelve male football players were recruited from university football teams. They were asked to perform six trials using straight-ahead running and a 45° left sidestep cutting movement on artificial turf while wearing football shoes with the following three stud configurations: knife stud, triangle stud and round stud. The contact time of knife stud was longer than triangle stud and round stud. In the straight-ahead running task, the ground force in the direction of movement of knife stud and round stud was lower than triangle stud. The peak pressure on the lateral forefoot (5 metatarsal region) in knife stud was higher than triangle stud and round stud in the cutting movements. The peak pressure and force–time integral on the medial (1 metatarsal region) and central (2–4 metatarsal region) forefoot in triangle stud were smaller than round stud. The different stud shapes of firm ground soccer shoes have little effect on the traction force. Knife stud has a higher risk of fifth metatarsal bone injury. The triangle stud shows good explosive force and provides the ability to change direction quickly. The round stud generally produces the minimum peak vertical ground reaction force and has a good capability of changing direction among the three shoes.

Design Of Wearable Shoe For Blind Using Lifi Technology

Being independent in the existing world is crucial for a visually impaired person. There are about 36 million blind people all over the world. The main purpose of the project is to reduce the difficulties faced due to blindness. This proposed system hypothesizes a smart shoe that alerts visually impaired people over obstacles that could help them to walk independently with low chances of accident. Recently, many devices such as smart cane with advanced technology were introduced to assist the visually impaired for safe and independent walking. To overcome the limitation, a smart shoe is designed and developed to detect obstacles in the path of visually impaired person which will make them feel like a normal individual. This proposed system mainly focuses on LiFi technology that helps to identify the locations as they pass through the places. Introducing smart shoe which will assist them in their motion and other needed activities. It supports LiFi with reliable communication and navigation system during the dark. Information is provided as voice playback to the user. Thus, the user can navigate independently just by using the voice commands provided by the device. A wireless setup is provided at the places which are often used by the person in order to specify the person is reached the required place.

Analisis Pengaruh Besar Gesekan Terhadap Tegangan Thermal Pada Sepatu Rem Mobil Ketebalan 2 mm Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Msc.Nastran V.9

Braking failure better known as brake failure is caused by many factors, but one factor is due to excess heat that occurs in optimal braking conditions when the vehicle is driving at high speed and sufficient distance. The purpose of this research is to obtain the result of thermal stress simulation during braking, in special area of brake shoe with 8 mm thickness. However, it is unlikely that brake shoe is analyzed manually because brake shoes have many vertices, even up to thousands of vertices. So we need the software support finite element finishing method of MSC. NASTRAN V9 to simulate the distribution of temperature distribution on brake shoe for easy analysis. Thermal voltage that occurs in brake boots with a thickness of 2 mm in this study that brake shoe design model 2 has a maximum thermal voltage of 4.5701 Mpa and 2.5295 Mpa Minimum lower than the brake shoes model 1 maximum thermal voltage of 4.5585 Mpa and 2,5225 Mpa Minimum. With a maximum test difference of 0.25% and a minimum of 0.27%.

A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running.

External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. Systematic literature review. CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. Modifications in shoe or orthosis design in the sagittal or frontal plane can alter activation in walking of muscles acting primarily in these planes. Adequately powered research with kinematic and kinetic data is needed to explain the presence/absence of changes in muscle activation with external devices. This review provides some evidence that foot orthoses can reduce tibialis posterior activity, potentially benefitting specific musculoskeletal pathologies.

Position design of the casing shoe of an abandoned horizontal salt cavern to be used for gas storage

ABSTRACT China’s salt mines have a typical bedded structure, composed of many interlayers and salt rock layers. If the conventional vertical single cavern leaching technology is used, the shape control of the caverns is difficult. Horizontal salt cavern gas storage (HSCGS) can be built in thicker pure salt sections. The internal pressure, casing shoe position and the range of plastic, dilatation, and failure zones are significant factors to be considered in the design. The yield behavior of rock salt can be described by the Tresca yield criterion. The second invariant of the plastic strain was used as the hardening parameter to analyze the hardening behavior. The dilatancy boundary is defined to determine the dilatation zone. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, a failure criterion of rock salt is established. The constitutive model was modified and the state parameters were self-defined in FLAC3D. Thus a Yield-Dilatancy-Failure (YDF) model is established. Based on the YDF model, the rock surrounding a HSCGS is divided into four zones: elastic, plastic, dilatation and failure zone. The casing shoe position should be outside the dilatation zones. When the dilatation zone of the HSCGS in the middle part is prevented from developing. The minimum pressure (9 MPa) is determined that prevents the formation of a dilatation zone around the middle part of the HSCGS. The research results can provide a reference for determining pressure and casing shoe position of an HSCGS.