Shoe Design Research Articles

Exploration of data-driven midsole algorithm design based in biomechanics data and Voronoi 3D to digital manufacturing.

This study proposed the creation of an algorithm for the elaboration of a midsole customized by functionalparameters and generative systems, with production through digital manufacturing. The computationalresources used are the Rhinoceros® program and the Grasshopper® extension. The primitives are given in a".asc" format for the plantar pressure distribution test; the position of the insole sensors (.jpeg); 3D geometryof the midsole parameterized from the outline of a common insole. The developed algorithm operates byconverting midsole geometry (brep) into point cloud complemented with a point cloud based on the positionof the sensors and the remapped values of maximum pressure into integer numbers. Voronoi 3D componentcell structure is generated by the overlapping point clouds. Based on the incorporation of an external algorithm,it was possible to obtain an open cell mesh structure. The digital manufacturing of the geometry was testedthrough three-dimensional printing similar to the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process in rigid lactic acid(PLA) and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). It was observed in the model printed on flexible materialthat the increase in the density of cells in the regions of greater pressure contributes to the increase in localstiffness, which may imply the individualization of the functional requirements of footwear. Nine customizationpossibilities are presented by changing three different variables, related to the density of points of the basegeometry and the conversion of pressure values. The third variable was the thickness of the final structure as afunction of the volume scale and faces of the three-dimensional cells generated by the 3D Voronoi. It isconcluded that the import of real data from biomechanical testing for parametric modeling in Grasshopper®could contribute to the design of shoes individualized by the aesthetic and functional requirements of eachconsumer.

Running biomechanics and running shoe perception of Chinese men and women

Running locomotion of western runners has been extensively researched, with biomechanical differences and variation in injury patterns found due to gender. Running popularity has severely increased in China over the past decade, but still little is known on Chinese running biomechanics. This indoor laboratory study compared continuous running biomechanics of 20 Chinese male and 20 Chinese female runners while running in the same running shoe model. Analysis included ground reaction forces (GRF), lower limb kinematics and joint moments, as well as shoe ground pressure, while running at 3.3 m/s. Additionally, a 9-point-Likert scale assessed shoe feature perception during outdoor field running in the same shoe model. Biomechanical variable magnitudes were compared between groups using independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed on perception variables. At foot strike, females showed significantly increased internal hip rotation (9.6–3.0°), significantly increased knee flexion (18.6–15.5°) and abduction (4.0–1.8°), significantly reduced ankle inversion (1.6–4.2°), and a significantly reduced sagittal shoe ground angle (13.1–17.2°). Females exhibited significantly higher maximal (138.7–119.0 bw/s) and mean vertical force 1 and 2 loading rates (88.1–63.8 bw/s). Females showed significantly lower sagittal plane ankle (2.3–2.5 Nm/kg), knee (2.4–2.7 Nm/kg), and hip (1.7–1.9 Nm/kg) joint moments. Females showed significantly higher relative loads at the medial heel (4.3–3.3%), first metatarsal (11.1–9.3%) and toe 1 (8.6–4.7%). Despite the biomechanical loading differences observed females did not perceive rearfoot cushioning worse than males. Chinese females have a flatter foot strike, a more medial roll-over and push-off process than their male counterparts. Chinese female running shoe design may focus on these aspects to improve gender specific performance and comfort.

Design and Simulation study of fire-resistant biodegradable shoe

Today’s generation is run over by fashion and its acts as a symbol of class and prestige. Due to which people tend to buy things without thinking and then the old ones are dumped. The same trend is followed in the footwear industry where the user tends to buy things and then throw it. This has led to the huge pile of footwear which are waste to them and these tend to end up in landfill and harm the environment and affect the health of the humans. Improper shape and material used in shoes tend to affect our ankle, gluteal calf muscles and in the longer run, it forms small ripples of vibration which slowly but surely affect our lower back. This is an essential commodity in today’s world and its reliability I not that great in run according to research and various surveys. So, considering that there was a need to find an alternative design and material. Nowadays, the industry is moving toward environment inspired biodegradable, biocomposite materials and design, as it is easy to work with them and are inexpensive at the time. There are many biocomposites in India to choose from ranging from sisal, banana leaf, hemp, jute, bamboo etc. There is a desire to make this shoe available to the last person without compromising on its compressive strength, tensile strength, modal, nonlinear, life and wear. So, it was concluded to go back to our roots to find a material and design to do an amalgamation of science and Vedas. So, the traditions we are performing on the selected material and some parts of design are inspired by our Vedic knowledge backed by virtual testing and some modern techniques.

Weavecraft

3D weaving is an emerging technology for manufacturing multilayer woven textiles. In this work, we present Weavecraft: an interactive, simulation-based design tool for 3D weaving. Unlike existing textile software that uses 2D representations for design patterns, we propose a novel weave block representation that helps the user to understand 3D woven structures and to create complex multi-layered patterns. With Weavecraft, users can create blocks either from scratch or by loading traditional weaves, compose the blocks into large structures, and edit the pattern at various scales. Furthermore, users can verify the design with a physically based simulator, which predicts and visualizes the geometric structure of the woven material and reveals potential defects at an interactive rate. We demonstrate a range of results created with our tool, from simple two-layer cloth and well known 3D structures to a more sophisticated design of a 3D woven shoe, and we evaluate the effectiveness of our system via a formative user study.

Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review.

BackgroundBadminton is a popular sport activity in both recreational and elite levels. A lot of biomechanical studies have investigated badminton lunge, since good lunge performance may increase the chances to win the game. This review summarized the current trends, research methods, and parameters-of-interest concerning lower-extremity biomechanics in badminton lunges.MethodologyDatabases including Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from the oldest available date to September 2020. Two independent authors screened all the articles and 20 articles were eligible for further review. The reviewed articles compared the differences among playing levels, footwear designs, and lunge directions/variations, using parameters including ground reaction forces, plantar pressure distribution, kinematics, and kinetics.ResultsElite badminton players demonstrated higher impact attenuation capability, more aggressive knee and ankle strategy (higher mechanical moment), and higher medial plantar load than amateur players. Footwear modifications can influence comfort perception and movement mechanics, but it remains inconclusive regarding how these may link with lunging performance. Contradicting findings in kinematics is possibly due to the variations in lunge and instructions.ConclusionsPlaying levels and shoe designs have significant effects on biomechanics in badminton lunges. Future studies can consider to use an unanticipated testing protocol and realistic movement intensity. They can study the inter-limb coordination as well as the contributions and interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to injury risk. Furthermore, current findings can stimulate further research studying whether some specific footwear materials with structural design could potentially compromise impact attenuation, proprioception, and performance.

Building of Visual Analysis System for Design of Youth Sports Shoe Products Based on Comment Mining

This paper proposes a visual analysis system for data collection, pre-preprocessing and sentiment analysis to support whole-process innovative design of youth sports shoes. This system aims to analyze the sales data of sports shoe e-commerce sellers before and after design, provide reference for key design elements in innovative design of sports shoes based on 3D printing and realize dynamic closed design of pre-design data investigation and analysis and post-design feedback data analysis. With dynamic data collection technology based on a crawler, product feature extraction model, sentiment analysis model and big data visualization technology, this system can better satisfy data analysis requirement for innovative design of sports shoes.

A study of vibration behavior in shoe sole using vibration level difference and power flow method

Vibration is a common phenomenon in people’s daily life. As the main bearing part of the human body, the foot can cushion the impact and shock of external force, and alleviate the influence of external vibration on the human body. Footwear with different structures and materials could cause kinematic, kinetic and biomechanical changes in the foot and leg. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of various footwear on the foot. In this paper, a method based on the vibration cushion characteristics of shoes is proposed to discuss the effect of shoes on feet. First of all, the modal test of the common sole was carried out in this paper, and the acceleration vibration level difference of the sole was obtained. Then, based on the finite element method, the power flow method was used to analyze the soles under different gait patterns. Finally, the vibration analysis of the soles filled with different porous structures was carried out by power flow method. The results show that the vibration level difference and power flow method can be used to study the vibration behavior of vibrating body from the aspects of structure and energy accurately and effectively, and the soles filled with triangular and quadrilateral porous structure have better damping performance. This method can be used to further study the biomechanical effect of the sole on foot and as a reference for shoe design.

Recent Progress in Hybridized Nanogenerators for Energy Scavenging.

SummaryAs the world's demand for alternative energy increases, the development of green energy harvesters becomes ever more important. As a result, the creation of triboelectric (TENG), piezoelectric (PENG), and pyroelectric nanogenerators, electromagnetic generators (EMG), solar cells, and electrochemical cells is attracting interest in an effort to convert mechanical, thermal, magnetic, solar, and chemical energy into electricity. In order to take advantage of the ambient energies from our surrounding environment, the design of hybridized generator units that can simultaneously scavenge energy in a variety of forms continues to develop. These systems are being considered to satisfy the energy needs of a range of electronic devices and adapt to a variety of working environments. This review demonstrates the latest progress in hybridized nanogenerators in accordance with their structure, operating principle, and applications. These studies demonstrate new approaches to developing hybrid techniques and novel assemblies for efficiently harvesting environmental energy from a number of sources.

Effects of limb dominance on the symmetrical distribution of plantar loading during walking and running

The purpose of this study was to investigate the symmetry or asymmetry in the plantar pressure, foot axis angle and muscle mass of dominant and non-dominant legs. Sixty-eight able-bodied participants (age: 20 ± 1 years, height: 162 ± 8 cm, mass: 53 ± 7 kg, BMI: 20.63 ± 2 kg/m2) were recruited for the walking and running tests. All participants with right dominant feet, defined as the preferred leg when kicking a ball, were asked to perform four successful trials at their self-selected walking and running speeds after warm-up. FootScan force-measuring plate was utilized to collect plantar pressure and foot axis angle. The Tanita Segmental Body Composition Analyzer was used to measure the muscle mass of the lower limbs. The time-series parameters were checked using an open-source statistical parametric mapping 1d package. The result exhibited that the medial foot pressure of the dominant limb was higher than the non-dominant limb ( p < 0.05). Foot balance index range showed asymmetry in both walking and running tasks (absolute symmetry index <10%). There was no significant difference in muscle mass between the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs ( p = 0.79). The quantification of potential differences and asymmetries could provide implications for gait injury prevention and shoe design.

The effectiveness of flipped learning strategy on student achievement in modeling of middle childhood school shoes (6-9) years

The world is witnessing in the present era rapid developments forced societies to seek to keep up with these successive developments in various fields, and this by working to modernize their various systems, perhaps the most important in the field of education, and the development of the educational system in the present era in an integrated way has become an imperative in all societies. The available and appropriate technology helps to change the traditional lecture style, and from that point of view emerged other modern methods trying to shape the process of teaching and learning in a new way, to transform the traditional role played by the educational entity and the home, where the student has a greater role towards taking responsibility for his learning, among those strategies that seek to achieve that strategy Inverse Learning, I agree (Saif Saad, 2017, 243), (Ahmed Abdeslam, 2017, 40), (Hosni Mohamed Awad et al., 2010, 3) that inverse learning is the opposite or heart Learning tasks between lecture and home, so that the lecturer takes advantage of new technologies and the Internet to prepare lessons by video tape to watch the student explain the lecture at home. Statement of the problem: Lack of scientific foundations to be followed when designing and preparing school shoes models for children in middle childhood according to the anatomical composition of the feet. The reluctance of some students to the normal teaching methods in which the lecturer is the focus of the teaching process only. Significance: This study can be used to teach shoe design courses (1,2) who are currently studying in the third division in the Department of Leather Industries - Faculty of Home Economics - Helwan University, This study opens the way for other studies in the use of the inverse learning strategy and its use in other courses, Keeping up with the modern technological developments of learning methods and methods and applying them with high quality, Increase student motivation to continue to learn for life. Objective: The research aims to measure the effectiveness of applying the inverse learning strategy to cognitive achievement and skilled performance in the preparation of some school shoe models for children in the middle stage (6-9) years compared to the traditional way of preparing shoe models Research methodology: This research follows the descriptive analytical approach and the semi-experimental approach.

A multidisciplinary approach to the engineering of footwear cushioning: A practical example of gym training shoes

According to sports goers, one of the most important features of gym training shoes is their cushioning properties. The optimal amount of cushioning is, however, complex to define. In the present paper, a multi-disciplinary approach was proposed to investigate and determine the optimal perceived midsole cushioning for gym training shoes. Firstly, impact tests were performed to characterise a wide range of shoes representing the gym training shoe market. Trained sensory panel method and mechanical testing were combined to determine the relationship between the perception of cushioning and the shoe’s mechanical properties. Secondly, the preferred cushioning perception was assessed. Then, numerous midsole configurations were tested using finite element method (FEM) to determine the combinations with the best cushioning properties in order to reduce the number of physical prototypes. To assess the best configuration estimated by the numerical model, a wear test was performed as a final validation. From this approach, relationship between the mechanical properties of the midsole and perception of cushioning was found, and an optimal perceived cushioning was identified. Moreover, through FEM numerical simulations, a great number of midsole configurations and designs were tested without making any actual prototypes. Prototype shoes were based on the best numerical solution. The final wear test confirmed that the prototype gym training shoes achieved the preferred perception of cushioning. The present methodology proposes a framework, which empowers the use of athlete’s and exerciser’s perception in shoe design.

Perception of Comfort, Fit, and Jumping Performance of Elite NCAA Division 1 Student-athletes: The Effect of Basketball Shoe Design – Part II

Background: Assessing basketball shoe comfort and fit as personal protection equipment (PPE) at the collegiate level is unique. Objective: The purpose of Part II in this pilot study was to examine the effect of shoe design on the perception of comfort and fit after performing an acute series of jumps in elite male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 basketball student-athletes. Method: A total of sixteen basketball student-athletes (six males, ten females) performed two rounds of acute series of four styled basketball jumps on two ForceDecksTM Force Platforms while trying to maximize jump height by tapping VertecTM Jump Vanes. The male student-athletes selected the AdidasTM Harden Vol. 3 and the AdidasTM SM Pro basketball shoes. The female student-athletes selected the Adidas Harden Vol. 3 and the Adidas Captain Marvel basketball shoes. Upon completion of each round of jumps, the student-athlete recorded their perception of comfort on a 110mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and fit on a seven-point Likert rating scale based against their most comfortable basketball shoes ever worn. Results: Results of this pilot study reported, on average, the male student-athletes preferred comfort and fit of the Adidas SM Pro basketball shoes and the female student-athletes preferred the Adidas Harden Vol. 3 basketball shoe, though differences were non-significant at p > 0.05. Conclusion: The use of a human factors assessment tool to evaluate basketball shoe comfort and fit and the influence of rated comfort and fit parameters on basketball jumping performance proved viable.

A Proposal of Flexible Kid's Shoe Design for Shoe Brand

A Proposal of Flexible Kid's Shoe Design for Shoe Brand

Blind people’s direction support system using ultrasonic, color sensor with fuzzy logic

Someone who has impaired vision or blindness has a condition that is susceptible to dangers that are around him such as the presence of animals, vehicles or obstructions. People with visual impairments carry out their activities based on estimates of their feelings. One obstacle that is often faced by blind people is that if they are in a new environment, they must recognize patterns around the environment such as roads, rooms, or certain important places.his research in the form of blind shoe design using ultrasonic, color sensor and Arduino Uno microcontroller, with fuzzy logic, aims to help blind people, especially children who are educated in extraordinary schools so that in carrying out their learning activities do not experience obstacles in recognizing the school environment, such as study rooms or classrooms, toilets and roads that are in the school environment. The method used is experimental, the color sensor can read input in the form of red, blue, green and yellow which is the blind pointing pathway, and ultrasonic can read the distance of obstacles in front of the shoe using an intelligent fuzzy logic system. A pair of shoes uses Bluetooth communication, output in the form of sound through earphones as a guide to the classroom or toilet.

Effect of rocker-sole footwear on knee joint biomechanics while walking in people with ACL-reconstructed knees: a cross-sectional biomechanical study

Background: Reinjury has occurred at a high rate after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Low knee flexion angles and high peak posterior ground reaction forces in landing tasks increase ACL loading. Some studies reported that rocker-sole shoes increased knee flexion angle in the early stance phase of the gait. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of walking with a custom-made heel-to-toe rocker shoe design, with special attention to the sagittal knee joint kinematics of patients after ACL reconstruction. Methods: This study examined 10 male participants with ACL-reconstruction participants. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed under two conditions of level walking that were tested in random order using either modified footwear adapted with a heel-to-toe rocker sole or baseline footwear with a flat sole. The knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground, average knee flexion angle from heel strike to 25% stance phase, and first peak knee flexion angle were compared across footwear conditions. Results: Walking with the heel-to-toe rocker shoes increased the knee flexion angle at the early stance phase of the gait cycle when compared with the baseline footwear. Conclusions: Rocker-shoe intervention was found to have potential as a rehabilitation tool to modify gait patterns in the sagittal plane of people with ACL-reconstructed knees and may protect against high reinjury rates. Further research is required to evaluate whether prolonged wear of rocker-sole shoes can modify lower extremity biomechanics of participants who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level II.

신발의 뒤꿈치 형태가 보행 시 충격과 생체역학적 특성에 미치는 영향

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a curved shoe design of the heel of a shoe on the impact variables, ankle joint angle, and COP (center of pressure) during walking.BRBRBackground: Shoe design is one of important characteristics in the development of walking shoes as it has to be considered for the mechanism of human movement. BRBRMethod: Twenty healthy male adults (age: 23.6±2.9 years, body mass: 71.0±8.7kg, height: 175.8±5.0cm) participated in the study. The data was collected using eight infrared cameras during walking at a speed of 1.3m/s and 1.7m/s on an instrumented treadmill.BRBRResults: The impulse and peak VGRF (vertical ground reaction force) were statistically smaller for the RHS and RLHS compared with the NS during walking of 1.3m/s & 1.7m/s (p .05). The ankle plantarflexion angle at toe off, the ROM (range of motion) of dorsi-plantarflexion, and ROM of inversion-eversion were statistically smaller for the RHS and RLHS compared with the NS during walking of 1.7m/s (p .05). The antero-posterior COP range and jerk were statistically smaller for the RHS and RLHS compared with the NS during walking of 1.7m/s (p .05).BRBRConclusion: It is concluded that RLHS is slightly effective in reducing shocks, RLHS and RHS help walk smoothly and naturally compared to NS, and RLHS improves the stability of the ankle joints compared to NS, and RLHS during walking. BRBRApplication: The findings would be helpful when developing the walking shoes with biomechanical functions.

Bone Position and Ligament Deformations of the Foot From CT Images to Quantify the Influence of Footwear in ex vivo Feet

The mechanical behavior of the foot is often studied through the movement of the segments composing it and not through the movement of each individual bone, preventing an accurate and unambiguous study of soft tissue strains and foot posture. In order to describe the internal behavior of the foot under static load, we present here an original methodology that automatically tracks bone positions and ligament deformations through a series of CT acquisitions for a foot under load. This methodology was evaluated in a limited clinical study based on three cadaveric feet in different static load cases, first performed with bare feet and then with a sports shoe to get first insights on how the shoe influences the foot's behavior in different configurations. A model-based tracking technique using hierarchical distance minimization was implemented to track the position of 28 foot bones for each subject, while a mesh-morphing technique mapped the ligaments from a generic model to the patient-specific model in order to obtain their deformations. Comparison of these measurements between the ex vivo loaded bare foot and the shod foot showed evidence that wearing a shoe affects the deformation of specific ligaments, has a significant impact on the relative movement of the bones and alters the posture of the foot skeleton (plantar-dorsal flexion, arch sagging, and forefoot abduction-adduction on the midfoot). The developed method may provide new clinical indicators to guide shoe design and valuable data for detailed foot model validation.

Bionic research on spikes based on the tractive characteristics of ostrich foot toenail

Inspired by the superior fixed and traction characteristics of ostrich foot toenails, we devised, optimized and manufactured the single structure and group arrangement of a new-style bionic spike for sprint shoes to improve athletic performance. The tractive performance of the bionic spike was tested by finite element analysis and experimental verification. The optimized single structure of the bionic spike had a top slope angle of 13° and the radius of the medial groove of 7.3 mm. Compared with the conventional conic spike, the maximal and stable extrusion resistances of the single bionic spike decreased by about 25% and 40% respectively, while the maximal and stable horizontal thrusts increased by about 16% and 10%, respectively. In addition, the arrangement of the bionic spikes was also optimized. Compared with the conventional spike group, the maximal and stable extrusion resistances of the bionic spike group decreased by 11.0% and 6.2%, respectively, while the maximal and stable horizontal thrusts increased by 20.0% and 16.0%, respectively. The current results may provide useful mechanical information that can help develop a better design of athletic shoes with the potential for advanced performance.

Improving the feeder shoe design of an eccentric tablet press machine

In this work, a DEM model is used to analyze the segregation mechanisms during the operation of an eccentric tablet press machine with the objective of reducing them by using inserts in the feeder shoe. In order to validate the DEM model, nine simulations combining three mixtures and three feeder shoe designs were conducted and their results were compared to experimental data. These nine simulations also allowed to determine the feeder shoe designs that segregate all of the mixtures least and which of the mixtures segregates more than the other mixtures, whatever the feeder shoe was used. Additional simulations were conducted to modify the geometry of all the feeder shoe designs by the inclusion of sixteen inserts. By conducting these simulations, it was possible to reduce the SI for all the configurations that combined the mixtures and the feeder shoe designs, attaining a reduction of 51% for one of them.

Ergonomic Design of Shoes for People with Lower Limb Disability

Ergonomic Design of Shoes for People with Lower Limb Disability