Ship Management Research Articles

Risk Causal Analysis of Traffic-Intensive Waters Based on Infectious Disease Dynamics

Accidents occur frequently in traffic-intensive waters, which restrict the safe and rapid development of the shipping industry. Due to the suddenness, randomness, and uncertainty of accidents in traffic-intensive waters, the probability of the risk factors causing traffic accidents is usually high. Thus, properly analyzing those key risk factors is of great significance to improve the safety of shipping. Based on the analysis of influencing factors of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters, this paper proposes a cloud model to excavate the factors affecting navigational risk, which could accurately screen out the key risk factors. Furthermore, the risk causal model of ship navigation in traffic-intensive waters is constructed by using the infectious disease dynamics method in order to model the key risk causal transmission process. Moreover, an empirical study of the Yangtze River estuary is conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed models. The research results show that the cloud model is useful in screening the key risk factors, and the constructed causal model of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters is able to provide accurate analysis of the transmission process of key risk factors, which can be used to reduce the navigational risk of ships in traffic-intensive waters. This research provides both theoretical basis and practical reference for regulators in the risk management and control of ships in traffic-intensive waters.

Considerations upon the performances of the main naval engine and energy efficiency evaluation

Nowadays, the essential source of ship propulsion is the diesel low-speed engine, and the power necessity and rate of propeller rotation especially rely upon the ship’s structure and the propeller geometry. Along these lines, in order to arrive at a solution that is as ideal as could be allowed, some broad information is basic for ship diesel engine parameters that impact the propulsion ship system. The performance of any system on board ship is specifically identified with its reliability. So as to get the best out of marine motors, it is critical to screen their performances and take measures to accomplish productive combustion. The paper points the significance of estimating the performances of the propulsion motor utilizing the NHX program. NHX electronic program estimates the pressure inside engine cylinders by the usage of the beat signal from Top Dead Center (T.D.C.) of the number 1 cylinder. Additionally, analyses the after burning period at the combustion stroke of each cylinder. The E.E.O.I. (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) is an observing tool for ship management and fleet efficiency. The estimations of the factors have a diminishing trend amid the usage time periods, achieving at least a 30% decrease of the pollutants in the years 2025 contrasted with the values before the implementation of this index. E.E.D.I. index has been considered as the biggest and most dominant sections of the sea business.

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Seafarers' Nonfatal Injuries Due to Occupational Accidents Based on Bayesian Network Modeling.

Reducing the incidence of seafarers' workplace injuries is of great importance to shipping and ship management companies. The objective of this study is to identify the important influencing factors and to build a quantitative model for the injury risk analysis aboard ships, so as to provide a decision support framework for effective injury prevention and management. Most of the previous research on seafarers' occupational accidents either adopts a qualitative approach or applies simple descriptive statistics for analyses. In this study, the advanced method of a Bayesian network (BN) is used for the predictive modeling of seafarer injuries for its interpretative power as well as predictive capacity. The modeling is data driven and based on an extensive empirical survey to collect data on seafarers' working practice and their injury records during the latest tour of duty, which could overcome the limitation of historical injury databases that mostly contain only data about the injured group instead of the entire population. Using the survey data, a BN model was developed consisting of nine major variables, including "PPE availability," "Age," and "Experience" of the seafarers, which were identified to be the most influential risk factors. The model was validated further with several tests through sensitivity analyses and logical axiom test. Finally, implementation of the result toward decision support for safety management in the global shipping industry was discussed.

Maritime education development for environment protection behavior in the autonomous ships era

Shipping is the last sector of the global transport chain, where the autonomy of the transport is at a very early stage. During the second decade of the 21st century, we have been actively involved by powerful corporations in the process of creating an autonomous ship to solve problems of design, economic, environmental and social nature. In this process, huge financial and research resources have been attracted, which assures that a long-lasting and sustainable effect is sought. Research on autonomous vessels are diverse – structural, navigational, infrastructural, communicational, environmental, social. Many of them are based on the current state of shipping and a very small proportion uses actual achievements. Education in the field of environmental protection and the needs of the future management and operation of autonomous ships are some of the shortcomings in human knowledge today. The article analyses the current state of education and qualification of seafarers through the prism of the new realities. The authors present the experience of Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy in the introduction and development of new maritime specialties that form the competencies of future seafarers.

The Practice and Safety Security of the whole Marine Diesel Engine on Maritime Transportation

In order to effectively mitigate risks and improve the safety of whole machine transportation at sea, it is necessary to study the safety of the maritime transport of the whole machine. The safety of marine diesel engine transportation is discussed in this paper, with company management, ship type selection, ship management and actual operation.

Legal Construction on Training Ship Management Belongs To Human Resources Development Of Transportation (BPSDMP) Based On Dignity Justice Value

President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo stressed that in the coming year human resource development is a key priority in the government program (Nawacita) and focused on three things; positive character development, improvement of access, quality of education, development and match the link between industry and vocational education, one of them by adding a nautical school educational facilities with their training ship. Six (6) training ship construction started in December 2015 and completed in stages over two years to finance multi-year state budget until 2019. And finally Human Resources Development Of Transportation (BPSDMP) Ministry of Transportation in coordination with the Minister of maritime has ordered six (6) units training ship cadets that each measure approximately 1200 GT (Gross Tonnage) with a capacity of 300 people, which is built in harbor and the domestic industry by PT Steadfast Marine Pontianak. Coordinating Minister of Maritime also said that with the training ship would be easier for BPSDM to improve the quality of education Midshipman cruise who were taking education time official the country especially in the field of shipping, including also can help private schools and shipping academy that did not have a training ship for come to enjoy it. So the hope is able to bring high quality graduates and proud when recruited at the national and international shipping companies.Keywords: Legal Construction; Training ship Management; Dignity Justice.

An application of BBNs on the integrated energy efficiency of ship–port interface: a dry bulk shipping case

ABSTRACTA considerable amount of energy is consumed with every completed ship voyage and each port operation performed. Recent regulative approaches by the IMO are to enforce the shipping industry to become more energy efficient and sustainable. There is a growing amount of literature on the energy efficiency management of ships and ports. However, there is still inadequate research effort on the ship–port interface in order to obtain an Integrated Energy Efficiency framework for marine transport operations. In this research, a theoretical concept is generated to measure holistic energy efficiency in shipping operations. The main purpose of this paper is to identify nodes of the integrated ship-port energy efficiency framework and develop a probabilistic approach, which can help to increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions for shipping companies. This research generates an application of BBNs on ship–port interface regarding the integrated operational energy efficiency interactions by aiming to optimise holistic operational energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. The outcomes suggest that it would be possible to increase the probability of a more energy efficient and sustainable marine transport operation by integrating the influences of port and ship operation performances and their elements on the related route planning and slow steaming decision-making.

A taxonomy of resources for sustainable shipping management: Their interrelationships and effects on business performance

Managing sustainability is a topical issue faced by shipping companies. Rooted on resource theories, the objective of this study is to design a taxonomy of resources that improves sustainable shipping management and examine their interrelationships and effects on sustainable shipping management and business performance. Survey and financial data were collected from 162 shipping companies and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results reveal the following three categories of resources that enhance sustainable shipping management and, subsequently, business performance: (1) intrafirm resources, (2) interfirm relationship management resources and (3) organisational learning resources. Theoretical and managerial implications of our findings are discussed.

Experience from ISM Code as Implementation Model for the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006

The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) and the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006 are international regulatory instruments to provide standards for the safe management and operation of ships, protection of marine environment, and setting fort minimum working requirements for the welfare and working conditions of seafarers. For the ISM Code, its effective implementation depends mostly on the competence and continued commitment and motivation of individuals at all levels, and the outcome envisages the enhancement of a safety culture throughout the shipping industry. This paper attempts to establish correlations between the ISM Code and the MLC, 2006 in the provisions on objectives, legislative requirements, Flag State responsibilities, Port State responsibilities, health and safety protection, accident prevention and safety management, regular inspections and analysis of non-conformities and qualifications of seafarers. Based on these, a model to enhance the implementation of the MLC, 2006 by the relevant stakeholders in the maritime sector is developed patterned on the multi-stage model of the workings of the ISM Code developed by Trapford (2009). Although not very exhaustive, the literature reviewed on the experience of the ISM Code and the model proposed could reasonably apply for MLC, 2006 as the notions, goals and objectives of the both codes are anchored on the development of a safety culture – one emphasizing safe management culture and the other safe working conditions and welfare of the seafarers.

Experience from ISM Code as Implementation Model for the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006

The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) and the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006 are international regulatory instruments to provide standards for the safe management and operation of ships, protection of marine environment, and setting fort minimum working requirements for the welfare and working conditions of seafarers. For the ISM Code, its effective implementation depends mostly on the competence and continued commitment and motivation of individuals at all levels, and the outcome envisages the enhancement of a safety culture throughout the shipping industry. This paper attempts to establish correlations between the ISM Code and the MLC, 2006 in the provisions on objectives, legislative requirements, Flag State responsibilities, Port State responsibilities, health and safety protection, accident prevention and safety management, regular inspections and analysis of non-conformities and qualifications of seafarers. Based on these, a model to enhance the implementation of the MLC, 2006 by the relevant stakeholders in the maritime sector is developed patterned on the multi-stage model of the workings of the ISM Code developed by Trapford (2009). Although not very exhaustive, the literature reviewed on the experience of the ISM Code and the model proposed could reasonably apply for MLC, 2006 as the notions, goals and objectives of the both codes are anchored on the development of a safety culture – one emphasizing safe management culture and the other safe working conditions and welfare of the seafarers.

METHOD OF STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF MEANS OF WATER TRANSPORT

The article presents the results of research on the ways of development of ship management systems. The analysis of operation shows that the most promising direction of co-development of these systems is their integration, integration and creation on the basis of such an association of "integrated bridging control systems by the ship". Also, the research of modern control systems suggests that the concept of their construction is based on the use of modernization of existing equipment in conjunction with new modern systems. Therefore, the task of multicriteria optimization of the structure of the control system according to known characteristics of existing subsystems of complexes is actual. The analysis of scientific and engineering approaches for the development and implementation of integrated bridging control systems has revealed a number of systemic deficiencies and remarks. Therefore, the scientific task is to improve existing and develop new models and methods for analyzing and synthesizing the ship management system based on a priori estimates of the technical efficiency of component subsystems. The analysis of the methods and approaches of compromising the solution in the solution of the multicriteria optimization problem, performed in the article, revealed a well-known method of successive concessions. This method most logically and effectively takes into account both the experience of the decision maker and the possibilities of analytical methods of one-criterion optimization. Also, in the article the features of the method of structural synthesis of the system of management of means of water transport improved by the authors, which unlike the existing ones, use the intellectualized approach of determining the assignment between efficiency and cost using parametric models of fuzzy expert conclusions based on neural networks. It is argued that the realization of the results obtained in the work allows to analyze the various variants of control systems, allows to carry out a comparative analysis and to determine the best value system according to the costeffectiveness criterion.

Frequency of use – the First Step Toward Human-Centred Interfaces for Marine Navigation Systems

This article presents research on how frequently seafarers utilise functions and information available on an Integrated Navigation System to perform navigation duties. Using an online questionnaire, the study collected data from 601 members of the global seafaring community. The results provide an overview of the frequency of use for each feature, together with factors affecting the use and associated usability issues. The study finds that the use of navigation equipment is situation-dependent and affected by administrative factors, experience and professional habits, characteristics of the sailing area, traffic conditions, weather conditions, ship management factors and geographical location. Additionally, information overload, particularly with overlay and alert management functions, was found to be the major issue with existing systems. The findings of this study can be applied to improve menu tree structure, display layout, and interaction methods on the interface of navigation systems, such as making frequently-used features more readily available or easier to access.

WebVOS-A WebGIS Application for Volunteer Observation Ships

This paper presents a WebGIS-based application WebVOS which supports management of volunteer observation ships. The design and architecture of WebVOS is fully described, which covers ship equipment, server and client. The server provides ship info, tile map, observation data collection and trajectory data services. Client is responsible for data requesting from server data services and display rendering. WebVOS supports commonly operations of volunteer observation ship management, which increases its availability. A real project is carried on to validate the application and result shows its availability.

AN EVALUATION OF THE KEY INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR TRAMP SHIPPING CORPORATIONS SELECTING SHIP MANAGEMENT COMPANIES

The shipping industry is a global business and the number of privately-owned ships represents the strength of the shipping industry. However, global trades and the shipping business today are in poor economic shape. The more ships a company owns, the greater the burden on shipping operators. For the tramp shipping industry, using ship leasing, besides convenience, flexibility, time-saving, and tax benefits, commissioning a ship management company (SMC) to handle its non-core business can also result in greater financial liquidity providing the shipping companies with increased investment and purchasing power in other areas. This study is based on a consideration of the direction of tramp shipping corporations (TSCs) towards a survey questionnaire of TSCs in Taiwan using the SAVE framework, including solution (S), access (A), value (V) and education (E), built on a model to analyze TSCs who have chosen to employ an SMC to handle their non-core business, and using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) and the revised decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Revised DEMATEL) to seek the suitability of key influencing factors, their relevance, and their business strategy. The results of this study can provide an important research reference for TSCs' outsourcing strategies in the future.

Gender in Postmodernism Maritime Transport

In this article the focus of the scientific analysis is made on the possible relation between postmodernism and maritime gender culture. The fundament of the study are the research findings from the international project “Gender Equality and Cultural Awareness in Maritime Education and Training” (GECAMET), financed by the International Association of Maritime Universities and the Nippon Foundation between 2017 and 2018. GECAMET had the objective of advancing knowledge in the domain of women motivation to join the maritime sector and on cultural awareness in mixed crews. In this paper is used an innovative approach on the relation between postmodernism challenges and the complexity of the intercultural relations established among individuals (human factors), shipping companies, ship management practices and MET institutions on issues related to gender equality

Research and application on the double-floating off-ship detection platform

The problem of ships’s ultra-draft is one of the main threats to the safety of inland navigation channel. Focus on the difficulty of draft detection, the first double-floating off-ship detection platform has been developed and applied successfully. This paper mainly introduces the general layout, major components and key technologies of the detection platform. A rigid-flexible supporting structure is designed to keep the stability of detection frame under two floating platforms. The optimum cross section of the detection frame is selected by analysis of loads and vortex-excited vibration simulation,. A draft detection system based on single-beam ultrasonic array is designed. The data processing techniques of interfering data and error compensation are explored. The detection platform can detect the draft depth of ships accurately and efficiently, and can monitor and manage the ships constantly. Once the shipping management department receives the warning information of ultra-draft, it immediately takes measures to restrict the passage of ultra-draft, thus ensuring the safety and smooth flow of inland river traffic.

Optimizing Work Online Services Based Inaportnet To Increase Service On Shipping Arrival at PT Maskapai Pelayaran Pulau Laut Panjang Branch

This writing aims to find out about Standard Operating Procedure and Service Level Agreement Inaportnet system, from before the ship arrived until the management of ship permit out. In carrying out the ship agency's duties which include ship clearance activities with Inaportnet, it is necessary to have knowledge of Inaportnet application form.
 Data collection methods used in the writing of Scientific Writing is a method of observation or observation, interview or interview method, literature study method and documentation method.
 The results of the writing show that online services based on Inaportnet can facilitate the tasks of the users of sea transport services in serving the arrival of ships in the Port of Bandar Lampung. However, there are still obstacles in the application of Inaportnet system such as low quality of service, network interruption on server, lack of utilization of science and technology and complicated application usage procedure. The result of this writing can be concluded that Inaportnet-based online service is a single electronic information service system based on internet to integrate port system of information which nature standard serve ship and goods from all related institution or stakeholder at port.

Service characteristics and customer satisfaction in the container liner shipping industry

This research is mainly devoted to investigating key service characteristics in the container liner shipping (CLS) industry and its impact on customer satisfaction. It maps service quality dimensions to a new set of service characteristics based on the latest priorities of container liner shipping companies. The data collected through online survey is regressed in a non-linear model. The results indicate that the top three service characteristics influencing customer satisfaction are (1) quality of customer service representative, (2) quality of digitalisation and (3) quality of sales representative in that order. The research also suggests that the ability to offer long term rates is not effective in enhancing customer satisfaction as it is usually perceived; digitalisation tops the liner shipping managers’ agenda.

Ballast water management and their system processing

Ballast water provides stability and maneuverability to a ship. Large ships can carry millions of gallons of ballast water. Ballast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. There are thousands of marine species that may be carried in ships’ ballast water; In order to reduce the risk of new introductions of exotic species, the UN International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. This Convention aims ‘to continue the development of safer and more effective Ballast Water Management options that will result in continued prevention, minimization and ultimate elimination of the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens’. To prevent possible invasions, organisms should not be discharged from ballast tanks. This can be achieved by treating the ballast water, for instance by killing organisms that are travelling in the ballast water.

Determinants of ship management

Paper discussed The indicated preliminary analyzes show incomplete knowledge about shaping the ship management model. It is difficult to determine the best way to manage a ship. Defining the main threat for this watercraft, ie: collision, grounding, terrorist attack will allow more accurate assessment of determinants that depend on the type of ship.