Ship Management Research Articles

Optimization Setting Sitorized Resources in Cloud Computing Environment Applied in Marine Systems

Li, X., 2020. Optimization setting sitorized resources in cloud computing environment applied in marine systems. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 24-26. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the cloud computing environment, there is a low degree of data resource scheduling registration in the ship data resource scheduling system. In response to this problem, the ship network data resource scheduling system is designed in the cloud computing environment. First of all, design the overall scheduling structure of the system, secondly, design the ship network data resource characteristic shipping management module, through the resource manager to classify the data diversion, add the design of the ship network data resource interference filter processing module, realize the data resource interference filter processing, ensure the accurate deployment of data resources, and finally design the ship network data resource scheduling module, complete the data resource scheduling to achieve the system design. Through the simulation experiment, the ratio of the ship's network data resource scheduling system and the traditional data resource scheduling system is compared to prove that the design system is superior.

Framework and implementation of a fuzzy logic filter-an optimization strategy for the BWMS based on stakeholders' perspectives.

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (IMO 2018 Edition) was adopted in 2004 and came into force on 8 September 2017, aiming to introduce global regulations to control the transfer of potentially invasive species. Large efforts have been made by the maritime industry in creating reliable strategies for the installation of systems on board (Register 2014). Environmental considerations (INTERTANKO 2018) and optimization for the management systems (IMO 2017 Report) are factors broadly considered to tackle this matter. A consistent implementation strategy must be stated before the ballast water management system (BWMS) installation project starts-the management of stakeholders (e.g. ship owners, classification societies, administration, shipyards) is an important aspect of this process. This relies on their expertise, which in turn results in a high level of engagement and supports the implementation plan into the organizations. The creation of a framework for the optimization process, considering the implementation project of a BWMS on board of oil tankers, is the first part of this research. The use of fuzzy logic principles in the second part-as an evaluation instrument from a ranking obtained by multicriteria principles-sums up the aim of this paper, where the peculiarities about oil tankers' modelling will be discussed throughout the analysis of 2 optimization cases (Suezmax and Aframax).

The Improvement of Safety Inspection Policies for Passenger Ships, Excursion Ships, and Ferries through Safety Management Analysis and On-site Inspections

In contrast to land, sea routes are exposed to many dangers due to certain conditions on the surface of the water. In the wake of the Sewol ferry disaster in April, 2014, ferry and other ship-related systems were improved. Experts from related organizations have since conducted safety inspections on passenger ships, excursion ships, and ferries in accordance with the National Security Agency and individual laws. These inspections were introduced after the public's attention was raised from not only the Sewol incident but also from the sinking of the cruise ship Hableány, which happened in Budapest, Hungary on May 29, 2015. Accordingly, this study presents measures to improve the safety management of passenger ships, excursion ships, and ferries such as facility standards, inspection regulations, and safety management regulations. These tasks will be accomplished by comprehensively analyzing problems through on-site inspections combined with safety management initiatives which will identify safety issues regarding passenger ships, excursion ships, and ferries.

Lean production of ship-pipe parts based on lot-sizing optimization and PFB control strategy

PurposeWith an increasingly fierce competition of the shipbuilding industry, advanced technologies and excellent management philosophies in the manufacturing industry are gradually introduced to domestic shipyards. The purpose of this study is to promote the lean management of Chinese ship outfitting plants by lean production strategy.Design/methodology/approachTo promote the lean implementation of Chinese shipyards, the lean practice of ship-pipe part production is highlighted by lot-sizing optimization and strategic CONWIP (constant work-in-process) control. A nonlinear programming model is formulated to minimize the total cost of ship-pipe part manufacturing and the particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm is designed to resolve the established model. Besides, the pull-from-the-bottleneck (PFB) strategy is used to control ship-pipe part production, verified by Simulink simulation.FindingsResults show that the proposed lean strategy of the programming model and strategic PFB control could assist Chinese ship outfitting plants to leverage competitive advantage by waste reduction and lean achievement. Specifically, the PFB double-loop control strategy shows better performance when there is high productivity and the PFB single-loop control outperforms at lower productivity scenarios.Practical implicationsTo verify the effectiveness of the proposed lean strategy, a case study is performed to validate the formulated model. Also, simulation experiments realized by FlexSim software are conducted to testify results obtained by the constructed programming model.Originality/valueLean production management practice of the shipyard building industry is performed by the proposed lean production strategy through lot-sizing optimization and strategic PFB control in terms of ship-pipe part manufacturing.

Beyond the ISM code: a conceptual proposal for an integrated system within the Seven C’s approach

ABSTRACT The International Safety Management (ISM) Code aims to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and pollution prevention. Initially, it improved both onboard and onshore safety standards. In recent years, however, shipping safety statistics and research have revealed that ISM Code compliance has increasingly worsened due to accidents, deaths, and excessive sea pollution. The support of another management system is thus needed to overcome difficulties in implementing the ISM Code. Hence, this paper combines both management systems (ISM and Idea Management System, IMS) within the Seven C’s approach. This is a holistic approach to maritime safety management that integrates seven critical success factors for effective implementation of the ISM Code. This approach may play an important role in creating organizational knowledge to raise an organization’s awareness of managing and linking know-how to position itself for the future. This will help to make ISM code management more efficient and may reduce accidents, deaths, and marine pollution by fostering the seven C components.

Research on Ship Management ERP Integrated Platform System of Offshore Engineering Exploration and Scientific Research Enterprise

This article reviewed the marine exploration and scientific research enterprises in the process of marine exploration, to control the ocean fleet, including personnel, materials, finance, and other aspects of a centralized control, but due to the special characteristics of the marine exploration and scientific research industry industry, Design a comprehensive management platform specifically for marine engineering exploration. This platform can effectively control the exploration of ocean-going marine fleets. The purpose of this article is to efficiently manage the marine engineering activities. This article studies a large amount of data and based on the management of related enterprises, a comprehensive ship management and control ERP platform system has been developed. This system can effectively control the ocean fleet, and it is convenient for scientific research units to manage and control the entire process of marine exploration, effectively control financial costs, and can more efficient management of offshore engineering exploration activities, this system can achieve the characteristics of high efficiency.

Analisis Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Kapal Niaga Berdasarkan American Society for Testing Materials the Institute of Petroleum (ASTM-IP)

Vessel operational costs are dominated by fuel purchases. Furthermore, monitoring the consumption of fuel oil on the ship is not given enough attention, because the officers concentrate more on how the ship can move to its destination. The purpose of this study is to determine the correction that must be done as well as the impact caused if the consumption of fuel oil through the flowmeter on the ship is corrected using ASTM-IP. The subjects of this study were four vessels in the PT. S. I. Ship Management with specific graphity (SG) of 0.9601. From the results of the study show the output data flowmeter on the main engine must be multiplied by the factor for reducting the volume to 15o C in ASTM-IP so that it has an impact on the accuracy in reporting fuel consumption. As a result operational costs are reduced and the ship company can sell its services competitively

Machine learning approach to ship fuel consumption: A case of container vessel

An improvement of the marine vessel's fuel consumption will provide efficiency and profitability in ship management since fuel cost is one of the biggest operating cost. However, estimation of the fuel consumption of marine vessels is a difficult issue, because the fuel consumption rate of the vessel is directly dependent on multiple external factors such as the condition of the main engine, cargo weight, ship draft, sea condition, weather condition, etc. Nowadays, statistical models have been established based on actual ship data, and the fuel consumption of the vessel has been tried to be estimated as best as possible. In this study, various prediction models such as Multiple Linear Regression, Ridge and LASSO Regression, Support Vector Regression, Tree-Based Algorithms, Boosting Algorithms have been established for a container ship. The accuracy of the models is determined by the K-fold cross-validation. Error metrics such as root mean squared error, mean absolute error, coefficient of determination are employed in order to evaluate the correctness of estimation models and correlation analysis between variables is accomplished. Parameters such as main engine rpm, main engine cylinder values, scavenge air, shaft indicators are found highly correlated with fuel consumption. Under the influence of various external factors on fuel consumption, the nearest estimation of the actual fuel consumption data is made by multiple linear regression and ridge regression with 0.0001 root mean square error, 0.002 mean absolute error and %99.9 coefficient of determination score.

Passengers' likely behaviour based on demographic difference during an emergency evacuation in a Ro-Ro passenger ship

By examining the characteristics of passengers on a ship route between the Shandong and Liaodong Peninsula, through a questionnaire survey, this paper aims to address the likely behaviours of passengers during emergency evacuation and the demographic differences among these behaviours.A questionnaire survey of 1380 passengers shows that passengers on board are more alert and are more likely to proactively respond to evacuation alarms (62.5%), observe others’ actions (59.1%), follow evacuation instructions (67.9%), obey the crew (66.2%), queue patiently (63%), return to the cabin when their families are left behind (65.1%), and be cooperative (59%) rather than competitive (44%). The multinomial logistic regression results show that passengers who are older, with limited mobility, that have more experience aboard ships and are part of a larger group, will be more likely to proactively confirm the authenticity of evacuation events. Men, elderly individuals, people who are part of a larger group and with less experience in evacuation education are more likely to follow others. When the family is left behind, elderly individuals and people who are part of a larger group are much more likely to choose to return to their cabins. Similarly, elderly passengers with larger groups are much more likely to choose to help others.Although questionnaire research has some limitations, such as a hypothetical response and closed questions, the research results are of great significance for helping passenger ship managers to develop appropriate management rules, and conduct effective evacuation education activities.

THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR IN IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC SAFETY OF SHIPPING

The authors of this article note that the main reason for obtaining an unsatisfactory result in the implementation of most economic projects in the maritime industry is considered to be errors in the formation of the project teams - the crew of sea vessels. So, more than 75 % of emergencies in the merchant fleet arise as a result of the “human factor”, which affects the final systemic result of economic and industrial activities. The statistics of many ship accidents that have occurred over the past decade show that none of the elements of the shipping system are aloof from them, as ship crews, shipowners, charterers, cargo recipients, classification societies and other organizations associated with maritime transportation, all of them form risks at sea - dangers. Deficiencies in the definition of safety management of shipping and the reduction of risks at sea will undoubtedly be manifested elsewhere (transport by land and air). Therefore, everyone involved in the economic marine service, from personnel on board the ship to the director of the shipping company and the leadership of the national maritime administration, is responsible for the safety of navigation and therefore must take all necessary measures to minimize emergency events at sea and port facilities from existing threats. Despite such collective responsibility for ensuring the safety of navigation, the main reason for most incidents at sea is the human factor - which describes the possibility of a person making erroneous or illogical decisions in specific situations at sea. The correct combination of human abilities and the capabilities of a machine (sea vessel) significantly increases the effectiveness of human -machine systems and determines the optimal use by a person of technical means for their intended purpose. Unfortunately, an adequate methodology that would allow the implementation of a comprehensive, adaptive system of shipping safety and advanced training of personnel of maritime companies and ships (crews) at the same time. Consequently, in the context of the economic crisis and the incomplete certainty of the volume of work, today there is no such methodology. In addition, the existing economic means do not take into account the specifics of the human factor and the conditions for the performance of work by such heterogeneous ship crews as the crew, namely the increased level of danger, confined space, injuries, the death of a crew member, the inability to replace crews at sea, international composition, language barrier and etc.

A naval damage incident recoverability toolset: Assessing naval platform recoverability after a fire event

Naval platform survivability is a key enabler to ensure maritime warfighting capability. Therefore, assessment of naval platform recoverability, after a damage event, is critical to assure platform survivability in a warfighting environment. To support such an assessment, an innovative modelling and simulation capability, known as the Naval Damage Incident Recoverability Toolset (NavDIRecT) is being developed. NavDIRecT is being designed as a component-based, open architecture providing the necessary framework to allow analysts to integrate domain models of their choosing. NavDIRecT will facilitate analysis of warfighting and peacetime damage events using a variety of mathematical models, thereby avoiding the limitations of other survivability assessment techniques. Development of NavDIRecT is exemplified by integrating the human movement simulator, maritimeEXODUS, the fire simulation environment, SMARTFIRE, and a three-dimensional naval platform model. NavDIRecT will enable analysis of crew interaction with damage events, thereby allowing acquisition programs and mission planners to examine platform survivability with respect to mission capability requirements. The impetus for NavDIRecT development is for assessment of naval platform survivability and mission success; however, the tools and techniques are equally suitable for use in incident management, training, and analysis of merchant and commercial shipping in accordance with the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

Sediments in the ship’s ballast water tank: a problem to be solved

The International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) was entered into force in September 2017. It deals with one of the greatest threats to coastal and marine environments around the world: aquatic invasive alien species (IAS) and harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOP). Although the control of IAS and HAOP through treatment of ballast water (BW) is appropriately dealt with in the Convention and its implementation, the problems generated by sediments are not treated in such a manner. There are many published technical and scientific papers, discussions and commentaries proposing the remediation of the present situation. They are discussed, and recommendations are summarized. Besides, several systems for the treatment of BW use a combination of two or three techniques, with filtration usually being the first and/or the last step. Presence of sediments in BW results in the reduced applicability of such an approach. The requirements for sediment management procedures are discussed along with a proposal for their implementation. In the first step, the ballast tank sediments should be freed of active biological agents for the elimination of IAS and HAOP. Instead of biological agents, we advocate the use of radiation treatment by using an electron accelerator, preferably in an on-shore installation or as a mobile, additive, sea container size units with integral power, separated for water and sediment treatment. In the second step, the concentrations of heavy metals should be determined. We recommend the use of EDXRF as an analytical method. After the determination of sediment class, the recommended disposal procedures should be followed. Sediment management procedures should specify the disposal requirements: (i) free of active biological agents, IAS and HAOP; (ii) chemical composition, no chemical elements in a toxic range (≤ Class 3); and (iii) displacement/storage requirements, displacing sediments characterized as harmful in appropriate sediment reception facilities/landfills.

A discussion on the integration of data management systems in ship operations

While the rapid growth of emerging technologies is changing the global maritime industry, maritime organizations have notoriously been conservative and reluctant to make significant changes in their management practice. Data management systems (DMS) have become increasingly important in many other industries, such as health care, shopping, and education and so on. However, ship managers tend to lack the motivation to integrate DMS in ship operations. The related reasons may include inadequate knowledge, poor management practices, and high capital expenditure and so on. In this research, five key hypotheses were developed based on existing knowledge and scholarship. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and online questionnaires to test these hypotheses. This article draws on data, information, techniques and theories from a variety of sources in both public domain and private databases. It critically examines some key issues of DMS and how it could be used in ship operations to improve management efficiency. Finally, this paper concluded by introducing some recommendations and proposing a model framework for the integration of DMS in ship operations.

A survey on the BWM Convention: analysing the stakeholders' perceptions with emphasis on the acquisition process and operational expenditure.

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (IMO 2018 Edition) was adopted in 2004 and entered into force on 8 September 2017, aiming to introduce global regulations to control the transfer of potentially invasive species Resolution (IMO MEPC.207(62) 2011). These efforts are translated into a wide range of solutions for retrofitting and new building services, which is evidenced through the substantial amount of data disclosed and analysed by different parties showing that optimization processes will have an important role for the existent management systems. Analysing a ballast water management installation project for oil tankers, categorizing the stakeholders involved and assessing properly the outcomes from an engineering perspective are important matters. The experience considered at the BWM Convention and its amendments set an important call to the industry in terms of milestones. Avoiding any delay in terms of operation is not the only answer to this call but also setting up an optimized and sustainable operation after the implementation process. The project management, on the subfield of stakeholders' management (Bourne 2016), brings a myriad of individuals connected to ballast water management matters with different levels of knowledge, experience and commitment from an engineering perspective. This article aims to measure these factors and the stakeholders' experience based on qualitative research into the ballast water management convention, with emphasis on the installation process on board. The data herewith analysed was obtained from a series of interviews conducted from January 2019 to August 2019.

Development of the database for intelligent ship management system

In order to provide a data management solution with higher performance, more flexible expansion and more convenient management, the overall scheme of intelligent ship database cluster is studied by the structure of MySQL database management system and MYCAT distributed database middleware. According to the specific requirements of a shipyard for data collection and use, this paper proposes the alarm point information base and alarm point coding mode from the perspective of practicability and convenient maintenance. Shipyard usage feedback indicates that the database is implemented for ship-wide data sharing.

The application of multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of improved analytic hierarchy process in ship safety evaluation

In order to evaluate the safety status of transport ships, a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on improved AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is proposed. The weight of factors is determined by improved AHP, which effectively solves the problem that the judgment matrix determined by experts with strong subjectivity is difficult to be consistent, and the problem that a large number of single factor information of various risk sources is ignored is reasonably solved by using multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. This paper conducts the case study on the model. The results show that the model can evaluate the ship safety risk scientifically and reasonably, and provide reference for the ship management company and the maritime bureau to improve the management methods.

The Improvement of Legal System for Risk Management of Sunken Ships

침몰선박이 가진 잠재적 위험성은 운항중인 선박의 사고위험에 이어 중요한 해양사고의 위험요인이다. 이 논문은 침몰선박의 관리를 규율하는 법률인 해사안전법, 해양환경관리법, 공유수면관리법의 내용을 검토하고 현행 법체계의 문제를 분석해 이를 개선할 수 있는 대안을 제시였다. 분석결과 현재의 침몰선박 관리법제는 침몰선박이 운반하는 격리된 화물의 환경오염 위험성을 관리하지 못하고 있으며, 법 적용공간상의 차등적 규율로 인해 내수면의 침몰선박에 대한 환경오염 위험성을 관리하는 데 한계가 있었다. 또한 위해도 평가에 한계가 있으며, 비용 효과적이지 못하다는 문제를 확인했다. 이를 토대로 침몰선박 등 관리대상과 관리영역을 정비하기 위한 각 법률 개정안을 제안했으며, 침몰선박 등의 관리를 위한 통합지침의 제정과 종합 위해도 평가체계를 제안하였다.The potential danger of a sunken ship is one of the most important risk factors of a major maritime accident following the risk of accident of a vessel in operation. This paper reviewed the Marine Safety Act, the Oceanic Environment Management Act and the Public Water Management Act for their contents of sunken ship management, and analyzed the problems of the current legal system in South Korea. It is found that the current legislation on the management of sunken ships does not manage the risk of environmental pollution of isolated cargo carried by sunken ships. Due to the different rules across the laws, there is limited management of environmental pollution risk for sunken ships on water surface. This study also identified the problems of risk assessment for sunken ships. The findings of this study propose an amendment of each law to fine-tune management targets and areas, along with an integrated guideline and comprehensive risk assessment system for sunken ships.

Considerations for metabarcoding-based port biological baseline surveys aimed at marine nonindigenous species monitoring and risk assessments.

Monitoring introduction and spread of nonindigenous species via maritime transport and performing risk assessments require port biological baseline surveys. Yet, the comprehensiveness of these surveys is often compromised by the large number of habitats present in a port, the seasonal variability, and the time‐consuming morphological approach used for taxonomic identification. Metabarcoding represents a promising alternative for rapid comprehensive port biological baseline surveys, but its application in this context requires further assessments.We applied metabarcoding (based on barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene) to 192 port samples collected (a) from diverse habitats (water column—including environmental DNA and zooplankton, sediment, and fouling structures), (b) at different sites (from inner to outer estuary), and iii) during the four seasons of the year.By comparing the biodiversity metrics derived from each sample group, we show that each sampling method resulted in a distinct community profile and that environmental DNA alone cannot substitute for organismal sampling, and that, although sampling at different seasons and locations resulted in higher observed biodiversity, operational results can be obtained by sampling selected locations and seasons.By assessing the taxonomic composition of the samples, we show that metabarcoding data allowed the detection of previously recorded nonindigenous species as well as to reveal presence of new ones, even if in low abundance. Synthesis and application. Our comprehensive assessment of metabarcoding for port biological baseline surveys sets the basics for cost‐effective, standardized, and comprehensive monitoring of nonindigenous species and for performing risk assessments in ports. This development will contribute to the implementation of the recently entered into force International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments.

Development of the regional marketing system in the field of transport services

Introduction. In modern conditions, an important task of the transport industry of the region is an effective, well-established system of marketing research. Marketing research allows analyzing alternative options for the development of the transport industry in the region. As a result, it is possible to quantify and qualitatively existing options, make a long-term forecast and on this basis to choose the best of the considered alternatives to management decisions for innovative de-velopment of the transport industry. The transport marketing system focuses on basic market research and forecasting. The purpose of this article is to study of the peculiarities of the development of the regional marketing system in the field of transport services. Results. The article considers the basis of the issue of introducing a marketing system in the transport sector of the region; features of transport services are revealed; the directions of transport marketing are characterized. Research has shown that the transport marketing system provides a flexible response to transport market conditions by monitoring price regulators. The formation of a regional marketing system takes place on all means of transport. The main principles of the regional marketing system in the field of transport services are highlighted and an algorithm for the implementation of the main directions of transport marketing is proposed, which will provide a flexible response of supply and demand in the transport market with the help of price. Marketing services are organized in the management and departments of railways, shipping and ports, leasing companies of air, road and river transport. Conclusions. Given the strategic focus of the transport industry on the innovative type of development, the adapta-tion of transport companies to new conditions of economic behavior and its active implementation is closely connected with the system of marketing research. The development of the marketing system of the transport industry of the region will help to find ways to adapt to the ever-changing environmental conditions and innovative activities of enterprises aimed at meet-ing the needs of consumers. Keywords: marketing; transport industry; region; transport services; transport services market.

Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges

With the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments now in force, determining abundance and distribution of phytoplankton inside ballast tanks is critical for successful ballast water management, particularly when assessing compliance. The relationship between the abundance and distribution of cells was examined to obtain the best representative sample of the entire phytoplankton community in ballast tanks, comparing three ballast water sampling techniques including in-line, in-tank, and Van Dorn bottle methods. Lloyd’s index, Dy, and Gini index were applied to compare methods of sample collection and determine representativeness of samples and performance of sampling methods. Phytoplankton abundance trends from live microscopy counts using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were also compared to those using a FlowCAM on preserved samples. The phytoplankton community showed a patchy distribution inside the ballast tank and this trend was observed across all voyages. The estimated marginal mean analysis showed that in hypothetical conditions (e.g., 702 m3 of water in ballast tank and phytoplankton whole-tank abundance of 19,522 cells), the difference among the three methods was small. Conversely, statistical analysis performed on empiric abundances using a negative binomial regression model determined that the volume discharged during sampling of ballast water has an effect on the number of cells collected on a given voyage. Results of this study also confirmed that the in-line method may be a better method at collecting phytoplankton samples from ballast tanks than the in-tank or Van Dorn method, regardless of the time at which samples are collected. Finally, the number of living cells and the number of preserved cells showed similar trends for most of the voyages, despite fewer samples analyzed using FDA.